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1、学前儿童英语教育,Unit 1 Introduction,Goals,Knowing educational philosophy of children Knowing the characteristics of children Knowing different learning styles of children Knowing life in kindergarten,Educational Philosophy of Children,1.1,Questions for Discussion,1. Do you know some teaching theories for c
2、hildren? 2. What types of English teaching methods are popularly used in kindergarten?,Teaching Methods,1. Functional Approach 2. Total physical response 3. Audio-Video Method 4. The Audio-lingual Method 5. The Natural Approach,6. The Direct Method 7. Community Language Learning 8. The Immersion Met
3、hod 9. The English-game Method 10. The Role-play Method,1. Functional Approach,It believes teachers should create natural situation to guide children to practice conversation.,It is a language theory based on the theory of Hymes and Halliday, linguists in the 1970s.,Main Features,Fully adopt natural
4、 environment to guide young children. Fully adopt visual aids to create English situation. Create a relaxed and harmonious environment for children.,2. Total Physical Response,It was put forward by professor James Asher, in the 1960s. This approach encourages the connection between language and beha
5、vior and teaches foreign language through body movement.,It enables children to understand the meaning of English through physical responses, expressions and communications.,Main Features,Listening comprehension first. Childrens comprehensive ability should be improved through physical responses. Te
6、achers mainly use imperative sentences.,Example,Imperative sentences Pablo, open the door. Jaffa, throw your flowers to Maria. Maria, scream. Stand up. Sit down. Turn around.,3. Audio-Video Method,It emphasizes listening and speaking are the basic language proficiency and language is a whole system.
7、 Language learning is a formation of habit.,3. Audio-Video Method,The class teaching mode is that the teacher provides the model of language behavior and directs childrens language training.,Children repeat the language training by rote. It is also called Situational Approach.,Main Features,Children
8、 understand the meaning of language through situation. The use of aids is stressed. Oral practice is prior to writing exercises.,4. Audio-Lingual Method,It is also called Structure Approach or Sentence Pattern Method with English 900 as its typical teaching material.,It emphasizes imitation and memo
9、rization. It requires children to learn the language with repetition of pattern drills.,Main features,5. The Natural Approach,The Natural Approach emphasizes that communications should be conducted with the foreign language itself.,It was put forward by Stephen D.Krashen and Tracy D. Terrel. They di
10、stinguished natural “acquisition” and “learning”, two different concepts in language study.,5. The Natural Approach,Childrens first language should be adopted without translation or grammatical rules in foreign language teaching, which indulges the children in the naturalist language environment.,Ch
11、ildren learn pure English with the influence of language immersion.,Main Features,The classroom teaching can be organized in English. Objects, body language and expressions etc. can be used to assist the teaching. Various teaching forms can be adopted.,Example,When teaching the chant “Apple”, the te
12、acher can show a big red apple to children for them to observe its color and shape, touch its skin, draw its shape and even taste it. During this process, the children can get the experience of “round apple”, “red apple”, “sweet apple” naturally.,6. Direct Method,Main Features,The teaching is conduc
13、ted in the form of “No Chinese”.,It is assisted with objects, pictures, gestures to make children get used to the communication in the foreign language.,Example,The teacher shows the flashcards of different colors. Then other things are presented and the above sentences are repeated. The children ar
14、e required to listen first, follow the teacher to repeat, finally speak by themselves.,7. Community Language Learning,It was put forward by Charles Curran in 1955. It emphasizes children should help and support one another as a community.,The relationship between the teacher and children can be rega
15、rded as the tutor and tutees. The teacher doesnt offer help actively but waits for the children to ask questions. This method is also called Consulting Approach.,Main Features,The relationship between the children just as a community. The children decide what to learn and then ask the teacher. Teach
16、ing style: the children sit in a circle with a tape-recorder. The teacher is waiting for consultant. The topic is about childrens conversation during that day.,8. Immersion Method,Children are “immersed” in the second language environment.,The teacher faces the children only with the second language
17、. The second language is the target as well as the tool of learning.,Main Features,The teacher speaks English and children can use their first language. Then the children can communicate in English gradually. The teacher should have the ability of bilingual communication and skillfully use the two l
18、anguages.,9. English Games Method,It means the teacher adopts games to arouse childrens interests, enrich their vocabulary, and train them to speak English boldly in the game.,Main Features,The games are chosen according to different goals and contents. The design of games shows age differences. The
19、 games should be interesting and varied.,10. Role-play Method,It refers to the arrangement of the different roles the children play in English songs, chants, games, stories, short plays etc. to improve oral English.,Main Features,Children play roles based on the understanding of chants, songs, games
20、, stories, etc.,Children are encouraged to be imaginative and creative.,Classroom Activities,Practice applying some of the teaching methods in English class.,Functional Approach Total Physical Response Audio-Video Method (Situational Approach) English Games Method Role-play Method,Classroom Activiti
21、es,Functional Approach,When teaching words such as warm, hot, cool, cold, the teacher can prepare a glass of warm water, a glass of hot water, a glass of cold water and a glass of iced water.,Then she acts as a customer while children as waiters or waitresses. After she says the word, the children t
22、ry to understand the word through constantly touching the different temperature glasses.,Classroom Activities,2. Total Physical Response,Game: Simon says When the teacher gives the command: “Simon says: open the door.” Children should do the action. When he/she gives a command without the words: “Si
23、mon says”, they shouldnt do it. Otherwise they will be punished.,Sleep! Open your mouth! Close your mouth! Close your eyes! Turn around!,Classroom Activities,3. Audio-Video Method,The teacher shows a picture without any color T: Today, well draw a landscape. Please take out your crayons. T: I need a
24、 blue crayon. Can you give me a blue crayon? T: Yes, its a blue crayon. T: I need a green crayon. Can you give me a green crayon?,The teacher teaches other colors as the above.,Classroom Activities,4. English Games Method,Lower Class: Acting as a locomotive, the teacher approaches a child and asks,“
25、Whats your name?” The child says his/her English name. If the answer is right, the child gets on the train and the train approaches another child till all the children are on the train.,Classroom Activities,4. English Games Method,Medium Class: The children wear animal headgears and the teacher acts
26、 as a locomotive to approach a child and asks,“Whats your name?” The child answers the animals name of his /her headgear and imitates its sound. If the answer is right, the child gets on the train and the train approaches another child till all the children are on the train.,Classroom Activities,4.
27、English Games Method,Top Class: Divide the children into two groups and choose two children as locomotives.,Other children wear headgears with different colors. When the locomotive approaches a child and asks,“What color is it?” The child answers the color of the headgear.,If the answer is right, th
28、e child gets on the train and the train approaches another child till all the children are on the train.,Classroom Activities,4. English Games Method,Two children are in one group. When the teacher says“two hands”,“three legs”, the children need to respond with relevant movement according to the num
29、ber and names of the body parts.,Classroom Activities,5. Role-play Method,Game: Whats the time, Mr. Wolf?,The teacher acts as Mr. Wolf, followed by the children asking “What time is it, Mr. Wolf?” The wolf answers a random time. When Mr. Wolf answers Twelve Oclock, he will try to catch the children.
30、 When the children are familiar with the game, Mr. Wolf can be acted by one of them.,Homework,Homework,1. How would you conduct TPR method for children? Please practice in groups. 2. Search for other games used in kindergarten, and perform them in class.,The Characteristics of Children,1.2,Questions
31、 for Discussion,1. What are the characteristics of children aged from three to five or six to seven? 2. How can you motivate children in learning English?,The Characteristics of Children,Children curiosity is incomparable. Children imagination is rich. Childrens interests are wide. Childrens attenti
32、on span are often distracted. Children are developing a sense of independence.,Phillips Suggestions to Teachers,Provide a meaningful purpose for using the language. The activities should be simple. The task should be within their abilities. The activities should be largely orally based. Written acti
33、vities should be used much less.,Classroom Activities,List the ways to motivate childrens interest in learning subjects.,Homework,Homework,1. Discuss the characteristics of children aged from three to five or six to eight. List them on a sheet of paper and share them with your fellow classmates. 2.
34、How do you motivate children in your class?,Learning Styles of Children,1.3,Questions for Discussion,1. Do you know something about childrens learning styles? 2. What is your own learning style?,Learning Styles,Visual learners Auditory learners Kinesthetic learners,Help Children Find Their Learning
35、Styles,Explain the concept of learning styles. Discuss each learning style. Engage them in the completion of a learning style inventory. Allow them to reflect upon the inventory.,Classroom Activities,Homework,Homework,1. How do you guide the children according to their learning styles? 2. Search som
36、e online quiz and do it to discover what type of person you are?,Life in Kindergarten,1.4,Questions for Discussion,1. What are the daily learning activities in kindergarten? 2. Do you know some art projects in kindergarten?,Life in Kindergarten,Kindergartens provide a 3-year pre-school education pro
37、gram for children aged from 3 to 6. Language skills are a very important part of pre-school education. Basic concepts of science are common to kindergarten curricula. Social skills are an essential part of the kindergarten classroom.,Desired Outcomes of Education,Be able to listen and speak with und
38、erstanding Be able to recognize and describe different things Be curious to explore Be willing to share with others Be willing to interact with others Be comfortable and happy with themselves Developed healthy habits,Schedules in Pre-education,Items Used in Pre-school Teaching,Specials: Time for PE,
39、 art, music, drawing, dance, etc. Shared reading: songs, poems, chants, stories, etc. Workshops: Language workshop, computer workshop, math workshop, etc. Journals: Do journals with children.,Teach on the First Day,Arrived at school early and organize the kindergarten classroom as neatly as possible
40、. Have them calm themselves and sit down on the floor where you are speaking. Approach the children and speak loudly, clearly, but warmly to them. Give your instructions clearly.,Teach on the First Day,Explain what the daily routine and rules will be like. Knowing childrens names, make sure children
41、 are comfortable with their environment. Try to be empathetic for every child.,Classroom Activities,1. Paper Ball Toss,2. Scavenger Hunt,3. Name Cards,Classroom Activities,4. School Trip,5. Make New Friends,6. Self-Portraits,Homework,1. Search the internet to find more kindergarten activities. 2. Devise a kindergarten schedule in groups.,Homework,