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1、电大【工程经济与管理】形考作业一：一、填空题1、建设前期阶段2、报酬3、计息期初本金4、本金及累计利息5、流入和流出6、现金流出量7、20%8、国民经济9、间接税10、3%11、社会环境、自然与生态环境、自然资源、社会经济12、施工工艺方案13、施工组织方案二、选择题1、D 2、B 3、D 4、B 5、A 6、B 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、A 12、C13、C14、A15、C16、B17、B18、A19、静态投资回收期 20、C 21、C 22、D23、经济现值 24、C 25、D 三、判断题1、错2、错 3、对4、错5、错6、错7、错8、对9、错10、对四、简答题1、第1页 2
2、、第4页 3、第4页 4、第5 页 5、第5页 6、第7页 7、第7页 8、第14页9、第24页 10、第27页 11、第27页 12、第27页、28页 13、第29页 14、第30页15、第41页 16、第47页 17、第53页 18、第58页 19、第61页五、计算题1、第13页，例2.3（数字改动） 2、第17页，例2.5（数字改动） 3、第17页，例2.6（数字改动）4、第18页，例2.8（数字改动） 5、第19页，例2.9（数字改动） 6、第21页，例2.11（数字改动）7、第42-43页，例3.1和3.2（数字改动）8、第48页，例3.4（数字改动）9、第61页，例3.6（数字改动
3、）【工程经济与管理】形考作业二：答案（仅供参考）一、填空题1、平均折旧法、加速折旧法2、双倍余额递减法3、劳动定额、材料消耗定额、机械台班使用定额、4、施工定额、预算定额、概算定额、概算指标、5、单项工程、单位工程、分部工程、分项工程、6、人工费、材料费、施工机械使用费7、企业管理费、财务费、其它费8、建设前期阶段、勘察设计阶段、施工阶段9、公开招标、邀请招标、协商招标10、协议书、通用条款、专用条款二、选择题1、B2、A3、C4、C5、B6、A7、A8、8640 9、A10、B11、A12、B13、C14、D15、C16、D17、C18、A19、D20、D三、判断题1、对2错3错4对5错四、
4、简答题1、第64页 2、第65页 3、第67页 4、第70-71页 5、第71页 6、第73-74页 7、第80页 8、第80页9、第85-86页 10、第92页 11、第96-97页 12、第100页、103页 13、第98页 14、第98页15、第99页 16、第106页 17、第108页 18、第111页19、第113页20、第114页五、计算题1、第65页、67页（数字改动）2、第65页（数字改动）3、第66页（数字改动）4、第68页（数字改动）【工程经济与管理】形考作业三：答案（仅供参考）一、填空题1、准备阶段、分析阶段、创新阶段、实施阶段 2、第124页 3、第124页 4、第12
5、4页 5、第124页6、第134页 7、第143页 8、第143页 9、第148页 10、第152页 11、第176页二、选择题1、D2、C3、C4、A5、D6、A7、B8、C9、D10、B11、B12、D13、C14、A15、B三、判断题1错2错3对4错5错6错7错8对9错10对四、简答题1、第121页、123页 2、第125页 3、第132页、134页 4、第134页 5、第142页、143页6、第148页 7、第148页 8、第149页 9、第154页 10、第154页、155页 11、第162页12、第168页 13、第168-169页 14、第169页 15、第169页 16、第17
6、2-173页五、计算题1、第126页（数字改动） 2、第127页（数字改动） 3、第128页（数字改动）【工程经济与管理】形考作业四：答案（仅供参考）一、填空题1、实物、权益、区位 2、资金量大、回报率高、风险大、附加值高、产业相关性强3、法律规范、政策、信息、技术 4、开发、转让、抵押、租赁 5、介绍、代理、经纪6、通货膨胀风险、市场供求风险、周期风险、变现风险、利率风险、政策风险、政治风险、或然损失风险7、占有、使用、收益、处置 8、占有、使用、收益、承包经营9、70、50、50、40、4010、拍卖、招标、双方协议11、合法原则、最高最佳使用原则、替代原则、估价时点原则、公平原则二、简答
7、题1、第203页 2、第205页 3、第208页 4、第209页 5、第210页 6、第211页 7、第213页8、第220页 9、第224页 10、第224页Visa-free policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdus 72-hour visa-free policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it t
8、ook effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the wes
9、tern region of China to offer foreign tourists a three-day visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tou
10、rists and raises the citys level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the worlds largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to v
11、isit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, Chinas ancient ind
12、igenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning water-control project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still n
13、eeded to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once
14、flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place
15、 that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72-hour visa-free policy and compelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said.
16、 Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the company has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the three-day visa has an immediate and positive influence on the companys business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting company
17、 in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the citys public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72-hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom an
18、d Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2012. Around 1.7 million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism sur
19、passed 133 billion yuan ($21.7billion). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, becoming an encouragi
20、ng blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries,
21、businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi - the start of the ancient Silk Road - has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen Chinas cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou
22、Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for accommodating industrial transfers from East China or the world at large, he said on Wednesday in Xian.Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China
23、 Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey.The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xian,
24、the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, a trade channel established more than 2,000 years ago linking China, Central Asia and Europe.请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high sc
25、hool to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) pla
26、yoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pie
27、ces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basket-balls range in size from 28.5-30 in (72-76 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 18-22 oz (510-624 g). For players
28、 below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in mens games measures 29.5-30 in (75-76 cm) in circumference, and a womens ball is 28.5-29 in (72-74 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, composition, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dict
29、ated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the balls bounce. Inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. The ball must be infl
30、ated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 49-54 in (1.2-1.4 m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft (1.80 m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that m
31、akes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere commands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, i
32、n Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two half-bushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and out-lined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield Coll
33、ege. Naismith (1861-1939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the hand-eye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His stud
34、ents were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1
35、892. Naismiths five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was t
36、o be no physical contact between players; the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and memb
37、ership in the organization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players; smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMC
38、A lost interest in supporting the game because 10-20 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and college
39、s and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismiths original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893; England in 1894; Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900; a
40、nd Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (
41、567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948; its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rule-setters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities established their rules committees in 1905, the YMC
42、A and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915, and, under the name the National Basketball Com
43、mittee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rule-making responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with
44、 a similar committee holding jurisdiction over womens basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly explo
45、ded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem Abdul-Jab
46、bar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The womens game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the mens game. Television interest followed the women as well with
47、broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably become the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professional teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internat
48、ionally and has also spurred the womens game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional mens basketball league in the United States was the National Bas
49、ketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a per-game basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the ever-changing players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was organized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was organized in 1946. The two leagues ca