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1、初二英语讲义第 1 页 共 18 页 外研版八年级下册英语精讲讲义 期末总复习 1. take up 占据（空间/时间） The desk took up too much room. Playing computer games has taken up most of his time. 从事He took up art at school. 他在学校教美术。 2. find somewhere to sit down 找地方坐下 3. a bit of + 不可数名词 = a little of a bit of food/orange juice a bit of a mess 有点乱
2、 a bit +形容词 /副词 = a little a bit tired/hungry 区别： not a bit:一点也不not a little: 很/非常 4. must 一定（表推测）It must be really valuable. 他一定很值钱。 5. as+(形容词 /副词 )原级 +as: 像 一样 He is as tall as his brother. 否定： not so as 不如 Tom is not as tall as his brother. 6. in one s life在（某人）一生中 7. make sb./sth. +动词原形：使某人/某物做
3、某事 Don t make me laugh. The boss made the worker work for a long time. 类似： let sb./sth. +动词原形：让某人/某物做某事 8. grow as a person 长大成人 9. some others一些 另外一些 10. develop one s interest 培养某人的兴趣 11. as well as=besides 除了 之外，还包括. As well as Tom, his parents came to the party.汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚会。 12. encourage sb
4、. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 13. come out 出版；外出； 14. as a result结果as a result of.由于 .=because of He didn t work hard, as a result, he didn t pass the exam. 15. be interested in+名词 /动词 -ing: 对 感兴趣 初二英语讲义第 2 页 共 18 页 I am very interested in maths. Are you interested in dancing? 16. sb. spend+时间 +doing sth. 某人花
5、费多少时间做某事。 = It takes sb.+时间 + to do sth. He usually spends lots of time playing computer games. =It usually takes him lots of time to play computer games. M7 1. prepare for为. .做准备 = get ready for 2. make a list of列 的清单 3. get ready把 准备好 4.It sounds crazy. 这听起来很荒唐。 5. I don t know what to take.（简单句 =
6、 I don t know what I should take. （复合句） 6. at the end of 在 的尽头 /结尾 7. Is 200 dollars enough?（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数） 50 years is long time. 100 metres is a short distance. 8. had better +动词原形：最好做某事You had better stay home at night. 否定： had better not +动词原形：最好不要做某事：Youd better not go out now. 9. by the wa
7、y 顺便说一下go crazy 变疯in a group of 20 二十人一组 10. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物 He offered the poor lots of food and water. offer to do sth. 自愿去做某事 They offered to help me. 11. learn about 了解at the same time 同时 be well trained 受过良好培训depend on 依赖；取决于 14. provide sb. sth. 提供某人某物 = provide sb. w
8、ith sth./provide sth. for sb. 15. set tests安排考试form close friendships with 与 结成亲密的友谊 stay in touch with和 保持联系take trips to到 去旅行 at least至少fill out 填写 M8 1. 重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。 初二英语讲义第 3 页 共 18 页 本模块重点：由that 引导的宾语从句，that 无义，可省 , 后接陈述句作宾语。 宾语从句复合句=主句+ 引导词+ 宾语从句。 I can hardly believe (that) we re i
9、n the city centre . Tony guesses that the park is very popular. Lingling suggests that they spend the day there. Lingling doesn t think the park will be busy. 主句和从句的时态关系： 主句：一般现在时从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态 She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. （从句为一般现在时） She says (that) she will leave a message on h
10、is desk. （从句为一般将来时）My grandparents often tell me they lived a hard life in the past. （从句为一般过去时） Xiaoming says he has already finished his homework. （从句为现在完成时） 主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态 He said (that) there were no classes yesterday afternoon. （从句用一般过去时） He said (that) he was going to take care of th
11、e baby. （从句用过去将来时） Our teacher told us he had taught here for 20 years. （从句用过去完成时） 特殊情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，不管主 句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快) The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. （客观事实） She said(that) her father is twen
12、ty-eight years older than her. （客观事实） My father told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.（客观真理） 注意：当主句的谓语动词是think 或 believe，宾语从句要表达否定时，要把从句的否定转移到主句上。 I dont think he is going to help you with your English. We don t believe that we have won the basketball match. 2. hardly 几乎不 =
13、 almost not He can hardly believe the result, can he?（前否后肯） 3. so that 如此 以至于 The little boy is so young that he can t go to school. 初二英语讲义第 4 页 共 18 页 =The little boy is too young to go to school. = The little boy is not old enough to go to school. so that 以便；为了 =in order thar He got up early so th
14、at he could catch up the early bus. 4. hear sb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物（经常 /过去）做 . hear sb./sth.+动词 -ing: 听见某人 /某物正在做 . I often hear her play the piano in her room. I heard her play the piano in her room last night. I hear her playing the piano in her room now. 5. be famous for 因 而著名 be famous as+职业 /身份：作
15、为 而出名 This park is famous for its lake. Luxun is famous as a writer. 6. allow doing sth. 允许做某事They dont allow smoking here allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事His parents allowed him to go out with me. allow+that 从句： He allowed that they were right. 他承认他们是对的 7. It s better (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说）最好去做某事。
16、 It s better for you to stop smoking.=You had better stop smoking. 8. point out 指出point at/to指着（近物 /远物） 9. at the top of 在 的顶部move about 四处走动 10. promise to do sth.答应做某事He promised to help us. promise not to do sth. 保证不做某事Tony promised not to talk in class. promise +that 从句 : My parents promise that
17、 they will buy me a new shirt. 11.have a wonderful time 玩得开心magic land 仙境square kilometer 平方公里 by a small lake 在小湖边wake sb. up 唤醒某人 12. without doing 没有做 We came out without making any noise. 13.It is a pity that+ 从句。真遗憾 It s a pity that you have missed the party. 14.walk down the path 顺路而下 15.put l
18、eaves off plants 从植物扯下叶子 初二英语讲义第 5 页 共 18 页 16. the second largest 第二大 . (the +序数词 +最高级：第几最 ) 17.fall asleep 入睡 M9 1.重要语法： if/whether 引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether 意为 “ 是否 ” ， 用在将直接引语 （说话人说得话） 为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语（转述他人的话）的复合句中做引导词，转化后需将一般疑问句变 为陈述句，即陈述语序。 （直接引语） “ Are you a teacher?” he asks. （间接引语） He asks if/
19、whether I am a teacher. （直接引语） “Have you finished your home work?”the teacher asked him. （间接引语）The teacher asked if/whether I had finished my home work. 间接引语也就是if/whether 引导的宾语从句 He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow. I don t know whether he is at home or not. 注： if 和 whether 一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不
20、能用if,只能用 whether: 在动词不定式之前只能用whether I dont know whether to accept or refuse （拒绝） . 在 whether or not 的固定搭配中。 Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词后，只能用whether。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。 Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 用 if 会引起歧义时，只用whether。如
21、用 whether 可避免歧义。 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/how many ） 直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时，用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词，但后面需改为 陈述句，即陈述语序。 基本结构：主句+if/whether+ 宾语从句（用陈述语序） 基本结构：主句 +特殊疑问词 +宾语从句（用陈述语序） 初二英语讲义第 6 页 共 18 页 （直引） “What s your name? ”Mr. Li asks me. （间引） Mr. Li asks what my name is. （直引） “Why did he
22、ask for help?” he asked. （间引） He asked why he asked for help. 间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Where does he come from? I don t know.（合并句子） I don t know where he comes from. （合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，故要改为陈述句，因为它 不再是问句了） How can I get there? Can you tell me? （合并句子） Can you tell me how I can get there? （解析同上） 注： if/whethe
23、r 和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that 引导的宾语从句复合句一样， 需注意主从句时态的变化。 2. mention sth. to sb.向某人提及某事 3. take a message （for sb.） ： （为某人）捎口信 4.打电话用语：Who s calling?=Who s that speaking?你是哪位？ Is that (speaking)?你是 吗？ This is speaking.我是 Could/May I speak to?我可以和 说话吗？ 5. have a problem with sb. 和某人之间出了问题 6.get sep
24、arated分开 7. explain sth. to sb.向某人解析某事Please explain the meaning to me. explain + 疑问词 +不定式： Could you explain how to do it well? explain + 宾语从句： Could you explain what happened then? 8.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事He refused to help me. 9. feel/be sure of.对 有把握 10. regret to do sth. 遗憾地（要）做某事（还未做）regret- r
25、egretted-regretted I regretted scloding him the other day. 我后悔几天前责备过他。 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 (已经做过了） I reget to tell you that you are dismissed. 初二英语讲义第 7 页 共 18 页 我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。 11. be patient with sb.对某人耐心 12. introduce A to B: 把 A 介绍给 B（认识） 13. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 My parents always
26、 encourage me to study hard. 14. have a hard time 过的艰难；遇到麻烦 15.从句中某些特殊疑问词的另义：what 所 的 where 的地方 when 的时间 I believe that the world is what you think it is. 我相信世界就是你所想的那样！ This is where I was born. 这就是我出生的地方。 16. the early autumn 初秋 17.every time 每次；每当 18. in silence=silently 安静地All the students are s
27、tudying hard in silence . 19.turn back 转身20.without a word 没有说一句话 21.hidden treasure 隐藏的宝藏22. day by day 一天天地 23.circle of friends 朋友圈24. with a bright smile 带着灿烂的微笑 25. stick stuck stuck stick to. 把粘到 上stick together 粘在一起 26.Smile at the world and it will smile back.对世界微笑；世界就会对你报以微笑。 M 10 1.on the
28、radio 广播中 2. show /take sb. around带某人参观 Let me show you around our school. 3. come this way 这边走4. be on （电影）上映； （电器）开着 5. on air 在广播 6.avoid doing sth. 避免做某事You must avoid making the same mistake next time. 7. in the background 在幕后；在后面8. Keep doing sth. 不断做某事 9.awful news 坏消息 10.And that s the end o
29、f the six o clock news.六点钟新闻广播完毕。 11. seem+形容词： My mom seems very happy today! （做系动词） seem +不定式： My mom seems to be very happy today! He seems to have known the answer already. 初二英语讲义第 8 页 共 18 页 It seems that+从句：似乎 . It seems that it will rain very soon. 12. in person=by oneself 亲自；本人13. look down
30、at 低头看 14. Shouldn t you at school? 你不用上学吗？（否定一般疑问句/反问句，表惊讶） 15. not but 不是 而是 . He is not my brother but my father. 16. might be listening 可能在17. do research 做研究 18.look out of 往 外看19.do a sound check 做声音测试 20. This was how my first real job in radio began. （表语从句） 我第一次在广播电台工作就这样开始的。 21.English writ
31、ing competition 英语写作比赛 22. surprised 惊讶的（修饰 “ 人” ） surprising 令人惊讶的（修饰“ 物” ） I was quite surprised at the surprising news. 短语： be surprised to do sth.做某事感到惊讶 be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 to one s surprise 令某人吃惊的是To my surprise, I passed the exam. 23.well done 干得好24.close down 关闭 综合试卷二 第一部分听力 . 听下面 5
32、 个句子。每个句子后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出适当的图片，并把 选项标在试卷的相应位置。听完每个句子后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每 个句子仅读一遍。 1. A. Yes, I d love to. B. No, I don t. C. No, I haven t. 2. A. That s all right. B. Thank you.C. I m sorry to hear that. 3. A. Go to the beach. B. On Sunday. C. I go to school by bike. 4. A. My watc
33、h was br oken. B. I want to buy a watch. C. Let s go to the park together. 5. A. I m 13 years old. B. Yes, my name is Bill. C. Yes, I m your old friend. . 听下面 5 个小对话。每个对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标 在试卷的相应位置。听完每个对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每个对话 初二英语讲义第 9 页 共 18 页 仅读一遍。 6. How much is one pair
34、 of pants now? A. $ 90. B. $ 180. C. $ 360. 7. Does Tom want to try the new food? A. We don t know. B. Yes, he does. C. No, he doesn t. 8. What did the woman do just now? A. Sang a song. B. Made a call. C. Drew a picture. 9. What s the man going to do? A. To buy a new book. B. To buy a new watch. C.
35、 To buy a new shirt. 10. Who has never been to Disneyland? A. Linda. B. Lily. C. Lily and Lucy. . 听下面三段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标 在试卷的相应位置。听每个对话前，你有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。 听第一段对话, 回答第 11-13 题。 11. Where did Nancy work in the summer vacation? A. In a flower shop. B
36、. In a car s hop. C. In a fast food restaurant. 12. Where did Jim go on vacation? A. To the countryside. B. To the mountain. C. To the seaside. 13. What did Jim do? A. Went swimming. B. Playing football. C. Reading. 听下面一段对话, 回答第 14-16 题。 14. What does the boy collect? A. Stamps. B. Kites. C. Tickets
37、. 15. Does Lucy like collecting tickets? A. Yes, she does. B. No, she doesn t. C. No, she likes collecting kites. 16. What hobbies don t Lucy s classmates have? A. Flying kites. B. Playing with dolls. C. Collecting books. 听下面一段对话, 回答第 17-20 题。 初二英语讲义第 10 页 共 18 页 17. When is Teachers Day? A. Next Mo
38、nday. B. Next Sunday. C. Last Monday. 18. What does Miss Huang teach? A. Chinese. B. English. C. Math. 19. What does Bill advise Lucy to buy? A. A card. B. A cup. C. A book. 20. How will they go to the supermarket? A. By bike. B. By subway. C. On foot. . 听下面一段独白。独白后有5 个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在
39、试 卷的相应位置。听独白前，你有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作 答时间。该段独白读两遍。 21. What does Henry want to study in college? A. Computer science. B. History. C. Art. 22. Who wants to study art in college? A. Henry.B. Sally. C. Ben. 23. What does Sally s sister like doing? A. Playing tennis. B. Playing the guitar. C
40、. Playing the piano. 24. Where does Ben want to go to college? A. In Beijing. B. In Nanjing. C. In Shanghai. 25. How long has Ben been swimming? A. For 5 years. B. For 12 years. C. For 15 years. 二、单项填空 21.I missed the beginning of cartoon The Lion King . What a pity!You should have left school half
41、hour earlier. A.a;an B.the;a C.the;an D.an;the 22. I have two sisters，but of them is a teacher. A.all B.neither C.both D.none 23. My parents showed some old pictures that brought back sweet memories. 初二英语讲义第 11 页 共 18 页 A.I B.me C.my D.mine 24.Lost in Thailand is a very successful comedy.It s favori
42、te movie. A.me B.mine C.I D.my 25. We are planning to have a surprise party her fifteenth birthday. A.at B.in C.for D.with 26.How far is your home from school? It s about two walk. A.hours B.hours C.hour sD.hour 27. The student didn t find much about the topic on that website. A.report B.article C.i
43、nformation D.story 28.I have great in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me?No problem. A.fun B.success C.advice D.difficulty 29. What is Miss Gao s favourite ? She is always in pink. Don t you know? A.colour B.book C.song D.movie 30. The government of Linyi is building cheap and good hous
44、es for the people. A.thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousands of 31.What should we do now, Mr.Clark? Please turn to Page and look at the picture. A.Twelve;fifth B.Twelfth;fifth C.Twelve;five D.Twelfth;five 32. Mother s Day is on the Sunday in May every year. A.two B.second C.three D.third 33.
45、What news it is!Nobody it. A.a surprising;believes B.surprising;believes C.a surprised;believe D.surprised;believe 34.Do you often get online? Yes.I lots of time on it. It s a good way to kill time. A.cost B.spend C.take D.use 35.I will meet Jane at the station. Please what time she will arrive. A.c
46、ount B.choose C.check D.catch 36. The woman asked the policeman where . A.the post office is B.was the post office 初二英语讲义第 12 页 共 18 页 C.is the post office D.the post office was 37. The man is talking to our teacher is Betty s father. A.which B.whom C.who D.what 38. It will be hard for us to get up
47、in the morning if we to bed too late. A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone 39. How often do you chat with your friends online?I m busy with my study. A.Only one month. B.About twice a month. C.Almost every day. D.Maybe in two weeks. 40. weather it is!We can t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake. Don t worry.
48、Let s go to the Science Museum instead. A.What good B.How good C.How bad D.What bad 三、完形填空 There once was a farmer who lost his watch in his barn （谷仓） .The watch was only cheap but it was very 41 to him because it was a gift from his father. After 42 the barn for a long time, he gave up and asked fo
49、r 43 from a group of children playing nearby. He 44 them that the person who found the watch would be rewarded. Hearing this, the children hurried inside the barn 45 .They searched everywhere but still could not find the 46 .Just when the farmer was going to give up, a little boy went up to him and asked to be given another 47 . The farmer looked at him