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1、Unit 5 China and the WorldTopic 1 China attracts millions of tourists from all over the world.1 重要句型：Section A1. Its been two years since Mr. And Mrs. came to China.格林夫妇来中国已经两年了。“Its been +时间段+ since+从句.”句型，表示“自从有时间了。”划线部分是定语从句，修饰先行词country。关系代词that在从句中作主语，不能省略，此处还可以用which。2. China is a great countr
2、y that has about 5000 years of history. 中国是一个拥有约五千年历史的大国。that has about 5000 years of history 是定语从句，修饰名词country，country 是先行词，that是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，也可以用which。3. There are a great number of rivers in China.中国有许多河流。A. a number of意为“许多、大量”，后接名词或代词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。A number of books are lent out from the
3、 library every day. 图书馆每天有很多书被借走。B. a great number of = a large number of = large numbers of 大量，许多C. the number of 意为“的数量/ 数目”，后接复数名词，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The number of students in our school is about 2 800.我们学校的学生人数大约是2800人。4. Among them, the Changjiang River is the longest one and the second longest is t
4、he Huanghe River. 其中长江是中国最长的河流，黄河位居第二。 the second longest 意为“第二长”，在形容词的最高级家上序数词second，表示第二Shanghai is the biggest city in China and Beijing is second biggest one. 上海是中国最大的城市，北京位居第二。5. Theyre the birthplaces of Chinese culture她们是中国文化的发源地。6. I can fetch you Guide to China. Its a book which introduces
5、China in detail.我可以拿中国指南给你，这本书详细介绍了中国。（1） fetch v. 取来，取，指从此处到别处去把人带来或是把物取来。常用句型： fetch sb. sth.=fetch sth. for sb. 给某人取某物； get 与fetch 意思差不多，常用于口语。 Go and get some water. 去弄点水来。 I need some meat for the soup. Could you fetch me some? 我需要些肉来煮汤。你能给我拿些吗？（2） introduce sb. / sth.介绍某人/某物； introduce sb. / s
6、th. to sb.向某人介绍某人/某物； introduce oneself to sb.向某人自我介绍； introduction（名词）指示，说明；Read the introductions on the bottle before you take the medicine.吃药之前，先看瓶子上的说明。（3）which introduces. 为定语从句，先行词book。7. Its a mountain with lots of strange pine trees.它是一座长着很多奇松的山。（1） with+名词，作后置定语“长着，有着，带着”。 I like the chair
7、 with three legs. 我喜欢那把三条腿的椅子。（2） strange（形容词）奇怪的，陌生的； stranger（名词）陌生人； Do you know whats strange? 你知道有什么奇怪的吗？ Do you know this stranger? 你知道这个陌生人？8. It lies in Anhui Province.它位于安徽省境内。 lie表方位“位于”常与介词搭配，常是介词the方向。 A. lie in表示“位于内”，两者是包含关系。 Guangzhou lies in the south of China. 广州在中国的南方。 B. lie on表示在
8、某一方，地点与地点是相邻关系。如河北与河南之间相邻。 Shandong lies on the east of Henan. 山东在河南的东部。 C. lie to 表示地点与地点之间相隔。如福建与台湾。 Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing. 上海在北京的南部。 D. lie off后不直接加方向词，而是为某一地点，常为海岸等。 常指水中岛屿等，意“相隔、相离” Many islands lie off Chinas east coast. 中国的东海岸有很多岛屿。 Section B1. What grand buildings! 多宏伟的建筑啊！2.
9、 Because yellow was a symbol of imperial power in ancient China. 因为在古代的中国，黄色是帝王权力的象征。 a symbol of 的象征；The white bird is a symbol of freedom.这白色的鸟是自由的象徵。3. What are those animals that are carved on the stones?那些刻在在石头上的是什么动物？Its said that theyre powerful animals which guard the whole nation. 据说它们是守护整个
10、国家的威猛动物。两句均为定语从句。先行词都是animals，关系代词可用that或which，且在从句中均作主语。 练一练： a).I will never forget the day_ we spent in old town with small houses. A.who B.whom C.that D.whatb)I didnt see you last night.Where did you go? I went to see a movie called Coming Home _ was directed by Zhang Yimou. A.who B.whom C.when
11、D.which4. In ancient China, emperors thought that they themselves were the real dragons and the sons of Heaven. 在古代的中国，帝王们认为他们自己是真龙天子。5. And the dragon has become a symbol of the Chinese nation. 而且龙已经成为中华民族的象征了。6. It also plays an important part in Chinese festivals. 它在中国节日中也扮演着重要的角色。play a / an. pa
12、rt = play a / an.role 扮演一个角色，起作用， 有影响；Television plays an important part in our daily life. 电视在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。Section C 1.These early walls that were made of packed earth and wood wore away in the rain and wind.这些早期由成袋的土和木头建立的城墙在风雨中磨损了。（1） that是连词，引导定语从句从句。先行词是wall。（2） wore为wear的过去式， wear away消逝； 磨
13、损； 消耗殆尽；wear out穿破； 磨损； (使)筋疲力尽； 耗尽；wear off 磨损；磨掉； 逐渐减弱； 逐渐消失；练一练：Water can _ rocks after a long time, even though the rock is harder. A.wear off B.wear out C.wear on D.wear away2.Those Ming Dynasty rulers did not expect that it would later be used to bring tourists into China.那些明朝的统治者们不曾设想到后来万里长城为
14、中国带来游客。that 是连词，引导宾语从句。expect是动词，意为“期待，期望”，通常其后加名词作宾语。常见句型：expect to do sth. 期待做某事； expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事； expect +that引导的宾语从句。 练一练：a) . You look sad.What has happened? Everyone _ us to win the match,but we lost. A.expects B.expected C.hopes D.hoped b).Mary is tired of learning because she is
15、 _ to do better Than she can,both at school and at home. A.thought B.hoped C.helped D.expected c). Its so .Why not write the report tomorrow? But I dont know_ I can do it if not now. A.why B.when C.how D.where3. Whats the tourist attraction and where is it? 这个旅游景点是什么？在哪里？ （1）be famous for 因而出名； Hang
16、zhou is famous for West Lake. 杭州因西湖而出名。 （2）be famous as = be known as作为而著称； Luxun is famous as a writer. 鲁迅作为作家而著称。Section D1. The home of tea,which has more than 4000 years of history,is China.which has more than 4000 years of history是由which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词tea，which在从句中作主语，而且定语从句与先行词tea之间用逗号隔开，这种定语从句在
17、句中起补充说明的作用，去掉之后意思依然清楚，此时的which不可用that代替，这种定于从句为非限制性定语从句，而前面两个话题所学的定语从句称为限制性定语从句。2. People throughout China drink tea daily.中国人每天喝茶。throughout是介词，意为“遍及，在各处”，相当于all over / around。People throughout the world love peace.全世界人民都热爱和平。3. Tea from China ,along with silk and porcelain,began to be known by the
18、 world over a thousand years ago.和丝绸、瓷器一样，中国的茶叶在一千年多年前就被世人所知。along with.意为“与在一起，与同样地；除以外（还）”,相当together with / with； together / along with + 名词 放在主语之后作插入语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定-就远原则。 The boy along with the twins goes to the library.那个男孩和双胞胎一起去图书馆。练一练：My cousin along with her parents_ visit my house thi
19、s afternoon. A. are going to B.is going to C.go to D.goes to4. Over the past centuries,Chinese people have developed their unique tea culture,including tea planting,tea-leaf picking ,tea making and tea drinking.在过去的几个世纪，中国人就已经发展了独特的茶文化，包括种茶、摘茶、制茶和喝茶。（1）over+the past/last+时间 意为“在过去的时间”，over相当于in,常用于过
20、去时态中。 练一练：China _ great changes _ the past ten years. A. experienced,in B.is experiencing,over C.has experienced,over D.experiences,during （2） including介词，意为“包括，包括”.其后跟名词词，构成介词短语。 练一练：Ive got three days holiday _New Years Day. A.on B.in C. at D.including2 重点语法-定语从句（）* 1.who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语。作主语时不能省略，作宾语
21、时可省略。(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.* 2. whom指人，为who的宾格形式，在句中只能作宾语。其前面没有介词时，也可用who/that代替，也可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my
22、friend.* 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)* 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在
23、句子中做主语)(2) Where is the man （that/whom ）I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)* 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，不可省略。(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door
24、of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? * 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：* 1） 当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？* 2）当先行
25、词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop .那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。* 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如： My necklace is not the only thing thats missing .我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。* 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who ，以避免重复。例如：Who is the
26、 girl that is wearing a red coat ?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？* 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。例如：The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。2、只用which不用that的情况：* 1) 关系代词前有介词时；This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2) 非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。That necklace, which
27、 you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.* 3) 先行词本身是that时；The clock is that which tells the time非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你
28、说话(限制性)* 4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 在比赛中他做的很好，这使他的父母很开心。* 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词
29、置于定语从句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 这个房间我们住了十年。* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.3 重点词组：1 Its two years since+过去时的句子 自从已经有两年了；2 live with sb.
30、 和居住；3 about 5000 years of history 大约5000年的历史；4 many places of interest 许多名胜古迹；5 millions of tourists 数以百万计的游客；6 know much/little about. 对(不)太了解；7 has.years of history 有年的历史；8 a number of. 许多的/大量的（饰复数名词，做主语时谓复）； 9 the number of 的数量（饰复数名词，做主语时谓单）；10 the second longest river 第二长的河；11 the birthplace of
31、 . 的出生地/发源地；12 fetch sb. sth.=fetch sth. for sb. 给某人取某物；13 in detail 详尽地； 14 lie in 位于(之内)； 15 lie on 位于（相邻）； 16 lie to 位于（之外）；17 go through 穿过； 18 a height of. 的高度；19 a length of. 的长度；20 all over the world = around the world 全世界；21 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事；22 the roofs of most building 大部分建筑的屋顶；23
32、 a symbol of imperial power 帝王权力的象征；24 carve on the stones 刻在石头上；25 guard the whole nation 守护整个国家；26 the real dragons and the sons of Heaven 真龙天子；27 become a symbol of the Chinese nation 成为中华民族的象征；28 play a / an. part = play a / an.role 扮演一个角色，起作用， 有影响；29 show sb, around 带某人参观；30 powerful animals 强悍
33、的动物； 31 the Palace Museum 故宫；32 peoples comments 人们的评语；33 the greatest wonders of the world 世界最伟大的奇观；34 stretch from. To. 从 延伸到；35 a treasure of Chinese civilization 中华文明的瑰宝；36 about 8800 kilometers long 大约8800米长；37 the Warring States Period 战国时期；38 join all the these smaller walls together 把所有这些小城墙
34、连在一起；39 join .together 将连在一起；40 wear away (使）磨灭，（使）磨损，（使）磨掉；41 separate.from 把分开；42 regard.as 把看作；43 the first emperor 第一个皇帝；44 the Ming dynasty 明代；45 wear away 消逝； 磨损； 消耗殆尽；46 wear out 穿破； 磨损； (使)筋疲力尽； 耗尽；47 wear off 磨损；磨掉； 逐渐减弱； 逐渐消失；48 be famous for 以而著名；49 divide.into. 把分成；50 tourist attraction
35、旅游景点；51 be interested in 对感到兴趣；52 be famous as = be known as 作为而著称；53 the home of tea 茶的故乡；54 the three major drinks 三种主要饮品；55 along with. 与在一起，与同样地；除以外（还）；56 tea planting 种茶；57 tea-leaf picking 摘茶；58 tea making 制茶；59 tea drinking 喝茶；60 sound similar to the pronunciation of 听起来与的发音相似；61 an important
36、 Chinese export 中国的重要出口产品；62 the mild climate 温和的气候；63 rich soil 肥沃的土地；64 Chinese character 汉字；65 develop their unique tea culture 发展独特的茶文化；4 练习：A. 选择题：1. Zunyi is a great city _ has many places of interest. A.who B.that C.what D. /2. Today is Sunday. There are _ people in the park. A.much B.the num
37、ber of C.a great number of D.a lot3.Look,there is a guide over there. He is introducing the visitors the Palace Museum_detail. A.of B.on C.with D.in4. Taiwan lies _ the southeast of China. Its a place that is worth _ . A.in, visiting B.in, to visiting C.to, visit D.to, visiting5. I asked Kate to _ m
38、e my book, but she brought me her book. A.take B.fetch C.carry D.catch6. Could you please describe your hometown _? A.in detail B.attentively C.difficultly D.hardly7. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A.which B.what C.whose D.whom 8. We will go to the park if it _ tomorrow. A. is
39、ntrain B. doesntrainC. wontrain D. dontrain9. Its worth_ your time when you visit the Great Wall. A. take B. totake C. taking D. taken10.Is this university _ your elder brother will choose this year? A.the one B.that C.where D.who11. In most areas of north China, the temperature always keeps _ zero
40、in winter. A.under B.over C.on D.below12. My new car _on my way home yesterday. A.breaked down B.breaks down C.broke down D.was broken down13. The book _I bought yesterday is lost. A.that B.whose C.who D.whom14. Peoples way of life in the north is quite different from _in the south. A.that B.these C
41、.is D.this15. Youre too tired and thirsty. Stay here. Ill _you some water.Thank you. A.take B.fetch C.want D.carry16. Which do you prefer, soda or coffee? I like _ of them. Tea is my favorite. A.both B.either C.neither D.none 17. Not only the students but also the teacher _ in the classroom, that is to say, the students as well as the teacher _ in the classroom. A.are; are