《初中英语笔记(精华版).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中英语笔记(精华版).docx（73页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、初中英语笔记大全（精华版）This is the key to the door . 这是开门的钥匙。sb.call电话号码sth. at电话号码call sb. = phone sb. = ring sb. upplease give me a call . 请打电话给我family 指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“ is ”，family 指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“ are ”。of 表示无生命物体的所有格， s 表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用 of ，但有生命物体后要加“ s”。以副词 there 或 here 开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。What s your na
2、me, please? = Could you tell me your name, please? = May I have your name, please?Nice to meet you. = Glad to meet you. = Pleased to meet you.写启示的方法：1. 启示的主题；2. 描述细节；3. 留下联系方式。表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用 dear 作感叹词。名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如：here is a set of keyshere are two sets of keysget to somewhere (ge
3、t home 除外 ) 到达 have ( )有生命物体的“有” 有there is ( )无生命物体的“有”肯定： Let+ 宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词） + V 原型 + 否定： Dont let + 宾语 +V原型 + /Let + 宾语 + not + V 原型 + have 表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“ haven 。t ”Let s (include ) shall we说话的人和听话的人 问： ？Let us (不include ) will you听话的人 问： ？be 动词look 看联系动词感官动词sound 听smell 闻+ adj. 作表语taste 尝fe
4、ll 触反身代词：myself （我自己） yourself （你自己） himself （他自己） herself （她自己） itself （它自己） ourselves（我们自己） yourselves （你们自己） themselves （他们自己）How much + be + 商品？（答： It s/They re ）= What is the price of ？（答： It s ）cent 美分 One dollar =100 centsother( 两者中的另一个 ) another （三者中的另一个）越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如： big blue hat帮助某
5、人做某事help sb. (to) do sth.help sb. with sth.with the help (n.) of sb. e.g. He studies math well, with the help of teacher.一般将来时的一般形式：主语 +will+ 动词原形 + Can I help you? = What can I do for you? = (Is there) anything I can do for you?a. 受欢迎的welcome v. 欢迎n. 欢迎 get a warm welcome 得到热烈欢迎be 动词不加动词原形“ hundred
6、 ，thousand ”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“ s”。hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上千buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. （间接宾语） sth. （直接宾语） 为某人买某物any body 在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。for 表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。each 强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体every 强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体+第三人称单数There are many trees on each side of the
7、 roadThere are many trees on both sides of the roadthe price is low(high) 价格低（高）也 also 放在 be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前either 放在句末 ( 疑问句、否定句 )too 放在句末 ( 肯定句 )on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨when ？ 答不用具体时间what time ？ 答要用具体时间比赛contest 和智力或知识有关的竞赛gamematch 有计划预先安排好的比赛持续一段时间的节日一般用“ festival ”.a kind of 一种many kind
8、of 许多种all kinds of 各种各样kind of 有几分 如： The elephants are kind of cute.含有 think 的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如： She doesn t think they are boring.( 她认为他们不无聊)问： How are you ？答：I m fine. ( 我很好。 )/Just so so.( 一般般。 )表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Two dollars is enough( 足够) 。怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节： 双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音
9、节的中心， 元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音， 因此， 首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合， 两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“ r ”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper / peip ?/ (pa 为开音节 ) member / memb?/ (mem为闭音节 ) happy / h? pi/ (hap 为闭音节 ) sorry/ s ?ri/ (sor 为闭音节 ) certainly / s ?:tnil/I am sorry. I can t
10、go wi th you. （对不起。我不能和你一起去。 ）a few 有一些 ( 肯定 )either ：两者中的任何一个都行。neither ：两者中的任何一个都不。用“ may”提问的句子回答用 c an/can t 或 must / mustn t; 用“can”提问的句子回答用 can/can t;用“ must”提问的句子回答用 need/neednt.如： 1. May I park my car here?Yes, you can / must. / No, you can t / mustn t.2. Can I watch TV?Yes, you can. / No, yo
11、u can t.3. Must I clean the classroom this morning?Yes, you need. / No, you needn t.be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid of sth. 害怕做某事 / 某物be fond of = likemake a continuation to sth. 对 有贡献do well in = be good at 擅长 比较级+ and + 比较级 越来越 give back = return归还法国人单数： Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数： Englishman/
12、EnglishwomanChinese 和 Japanese 单复数同形in the world 在世界上all over the world / around the world / the whole word 全世界in the school 在学校里 in school 在学校学习outside 在 外面outside the gate to the park 在公园门外turning 转角go down + 沿着 路走go straight down + 沿着 路直走enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事enjoy oneself = have a good time = ha
13、ve funtake a walk = go for a walk = have a walkthe beginning of 的开始at the beginning of 强调 在 开始的那一刻in the beginning 起初，一开始from the beginning 开始时from beginning to end 从开始到结束visit + 地点、参观某地a visit to + 地点、参观某地have fun doing sth. 做 很开心地点 + is a great place to do sth. 是一个做 的地方be busy with sth. 忙于某事the wa
14、y to 去 的路on the way to + 地点 在去 的路上on ones way to + 地点 某人在去 的路上on my way to home 在我回家的路上passpasssth.sb.tosth.sb.把某物递给某人in大地方arriveat小地方arrive at school到达学校 get to schoolreach school主语 + hope(that) + 从句主语 + hope + to do sth.live on 靠 为生take主语为物It takes时间、金钱sb.时间、金钱to.dosth.做某事要花某人多少花费spend spend on st
15、h./(in) doing sth.主语为人 时间、金钱cost This book costs me 3 yuan.主语为物（强调金钱）pay主语为人pay 金钱 to sb. for sth. 为了某物付钱给某人pay 金钱 to sb. = pay sb. 金钱pay sb. 付钱给某人between 两者之间 among 三者或三者以上之间across指在表面穿过、有接触 面through指从内部穿过over指从上空穿过、没有接 触面Why not do sth. ？ 表建议：为什么不 做 呢？Why dont you do sth. ? 表疑问：你为什么不 要 ？because句子b
16、ecause / /名词 名词短语 代词如IIdidndidnttgogototoschoolschool，because Iwastheill.because ofillness.kind of adj.akindmanyofkindsofn.all kinds of如： People like this kind of animals, because they re kind of cute.in the south of 在 南部asleep 睡着的 adj. fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 正睡着be friendly to sb. 对某人友好don t forge
17、t to do sth. 不 要忘记做某事tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不 去做某事stop to do sth.停下正在做的，去做某 事stop doing sth.停下正在做的是介词 + doing sth.would like to do sth. 想要做某事Which place do you live in = Where do you live ?Isn t he cute ? 否定疑问句Sam wants to play basketball, doesn t he ? 翻译疑问句Why not do
18、sth. ? = Why don t you do sth. ?practice doing sth. 练习做某事use sth. to do sth.比较级中的代词用that ， 如： The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin.said to oneself 自言自语be careful not to do sth. 小心别做某事do one s best 尽某人的全力由 制作的bebemademakeof看得出原材料的from看不出原材料的be satisfied with 对 满意be full of 满是 in the fron
19、t of在内部的前面in front of在外部的前面条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如： W ehavlle a sports meeting if it doesn t raintomorrow.It s ( 形式主语 ) + adj. + （ for sb. ） + to do sth.( 主语 ) 做某事怎么样。如：It s important for him to play the piano . 弹钢琴对 他很重要。It s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. （ adj.应为 sb. 的本身性质）如：It s kind of you to help
20、 me. 你帮助了我，你真好。go across the bridge过桥in + 时间段（将来时）多久后在 之后，多久之后after（放在时间前）later（放在时间后）What does she do ? = What s she? = What s her job?work（ UN)job (CN)sometimes频度副词；有时sometime某时，某个不确定的时 间如： I hope I can visit Hong Kong sometime.some times几次some time一些时间givegivesb.sth .sth. to sb.给某人某物（ sth.直接宾语， s
21、 b.间接宾语）get sth .from sb.从某人那里得到某物wear穿的状态put on穿上talk to / with sb. 与某人交谈be in danger处于危险中be out of danger脱离危险be out 外出ask sb.sth .问某人某事ask sb .to do sth.叫某人做某事waitress 女服务员work with sb.与某人工作work with sth.工作与某物有关be late for 做 迟到了need sth.需要某物need need to do sth.（实义动词） 需要做某事need doing需要被如： The flowe
22、rs need watering .花需要被浇水。learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学teach sb. sth.教某人某事teach sb. to do sth.教某人去做某事watch长时间的看看see强调看的结果look强调看的过程、动作read阅读show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.lately 最近see sb.doing sth.看到某人正做某事wait to do sth.等待做某事cawt wait to do sth.迫不及待地想要做某事thanks for + n. / 动名词表语一般放在 be 动词后，定语一般
23、放在名词前。be with sb. 与某人在一起every one every body指人every one可以指人，也可以指物描述头发：漂亮 + 长短 + 形状 + 颜色描述人的长相： have / has + hair / eyes / ears / mouth / nose is / am/ are + tall / short/ thin / heavy / good-looking / of medium height strong 的反义词： weak 虚弱的love to do sth. 喜爱做某事wear 用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如： Miss Li is weari
24、ng a new dress today. 李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。popular 流行；受欢迎的 pop 流行good - looking外在美（指男性或女性 ）beautiful外在美或内在美（指女 性或物）ordinary - looking相貌平平ugly - looking相貌不好看的；相貌丑 的handsome漂亮；英俊kind of = a little bit + adj. / adv. = a little bit of + n.tell sb. joke给某人讲笑话make a joke with sb.和某人开玩笑Don t make such kind of joke
25、s with others别和别人开这种玩笑多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词（ the ；a ） 数词 描绘词 （大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色） 出处材料性质、类别 名词a small round table .如：a famous German medical school .an expensive Japanesesports car .remember to do sth.记得去做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事- Who cleaned the classroom ？- The students did .特别喜欢： like a lot / very mu
26、ch有一点喜欢： like a little一点都不喜欢：（ doesnt don t like at all）outgoing 外向的What fine weather it is ！ = How fine the weather is ！sth.would like to do sth.sb. to do sth.- Would you like sth.？- Yes please . / No thanks .， ，- Would you like to do sth.？- Yes Id like to. / Id like to but I， ，round the world 全世界j
27、unk food 垃圾食物make a reason to do sth.为做某事编一个理由givegivethethereasonreasonforforsth.doingsth.给出某事 / 做某事的理由如： give me your reasons for being late .be on a visit (n.) to = visit (v.) stay + adj. 保持 practise( v.) practicepractice ( v.) n./ pron. /doing sth.practice (n.)( practise)没有如： Practice makes perf
28、ect熟能生巧在山顶上on the top of the mountain在半山腰 half way up the mountain在山脚下 at the foot of the mountainbe angry with sb.It takes sb.时间to do sth.做某事花某人多少时间人spend时间/金钱on(in)sth.人payforsb.sth.金钱物 cost sb.钱most of 中的大多数watch sb. / sth.dosth.(看见经常做或做过doing sth.( )看见正在做)to do sth.It is time for sth.for sb. to
29、do sth.He doesn t want to do anything. = He wants to do nothing.Help oneself to sth. 受 欢迎play a joke on sb. 和某人开玩笑dress sb. 为某人穿衣打扮动词原型及其过去式to + v. （不定式）make sb.do sth.省略 to的不定式 let sb. do sth.have sb. do sth.help sb. (to) do sth.可加可不加another + n. （单） | |would like sb. to do sth.it s fun to do sth.h
30、ave fun doing sth.动词原形 过去式动词原形 过去式动词原形 过去式am / is was are were bear( 忍受) borebeat( 打击 ;打败 )beat become became begin beganbreak( 使 破碎)broke bring broughtbuild( 建造)builtbuy bought can could catch caught come came cost cost cut cutdo / does did draw drew drink drankdrive drove eat ate fall fell feed fe
31、d fight fought find found fly flew forget forgot get gotgive gave go went grow grewhung(闲hang(吊) 逛)hanged( have / has had hear heard吊)hold held hurt hurt keep keptknow knew lay( 下蛋) laid lead( 引导 ) ledlearn learnd leave leaf lie( 说谎) lied / laylet let lose lost make mademay might mean meant meet met
32、pay paid win won put put read read ride rode ring rang run ran say said see sawsell sold send sent will wouldshowed过去write wrote shall should show分词：shownsing sang sit sat sleep sleptspeak spoke stand stood sweep sweptswim swam take took teach taughttell told think thoughtwear worethrow( 抛；扔)threwIt
33、 s time for sb. to do sth.be worry (adj.) about ( 担心 ) = worry (v.) aboutgo on doing sth.继续做同一件事go on to do sth.结束去做某件事去 f / fe + ves叶子半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去砍娘。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命亡。 leaf leaves half halves self selves wife wivesknive knives shelf shelveswolf wolves thief thieveslife livesso that 如此 以致discuss with s
34、b. sth.find sb.doingsth.seesb.doing sth.watchsb. doing sth.seesb.doing sth.( )经过时看到正在做seesb.do sth.( )看见整个过程as soon as 一 就Stand sth.Maybe adv.exercise (v.) = do exercise (n.) / do sportsDo moreexercise(un.) , you will be healthier.Do morning / eyesexercises有修饰词作为 (cn.)频率副词 例如位 实义动词前，助动词、 I usually g
35、o to the park.置 be动词、情态动词后She usually goes to the park.频率副词不影响动词形成 She usually went to the park last year.How oftenHow manyHow muchHow long 时间多久How far 距离多远How soon 多快 例： How soon will you come back ？ In two days.How many times 多少次result for do sth.want sb. to do sth.interesting东西令人觉得很有趣intered感到谁很有
36、趣Thanks for doing sth.try to do sth.尽力做某事thy doing sth.尝试做某事vegetable ( cn.)fruit (un.)be different from 与 不同look after = take care of 照顾（重视）health n.healthy adj.style 风格、方式grade评价mark直观的分数help sb. (to) do (v.) sth.help sb.with sth.the old 老人kind person 热心人the same as 与 一样kind of = a little (bit)kee
37、p in good healthy = keep healthymake a plan for 为 做计划although = though 让步状语从句：虽然、尽管a hard job难的adj. a hardstone硬的hard 努力的hard- workingadv.workhard努力地It s rainyhard雨下很大maybeadv.may be v.情态v ).(原例Maybehe isHe may beaastudentstudentbe good at sth. / doing sth.advice (un.) 建议 a piece of advice.sore肌肉引发炎
38、症，酸痛ache连续疼痛，多加在身体 部位后lots of = a lot ofgoodfineadv. welladj.表示身体好 fineWhat sthe matter with sb？.What sthe trouble with sb？.What swrong(adj.) with sb.？Whats happenedto sb.？tire( n.)tiredtieingcertainly 当然sound like + 名词 / 名词词组sometimes有时，常用于一般现在 时sometimes几次sometime某个时候，常用于将来 时sometime一段时间，常用于现在 完成时
39、want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 = would like sb. to do sth.try to dosth.尽力做某事try not to do sth.尽力不做某事hope 表示有可能实现的愿望。 hope to do sth. 希望去做某事； hope + that 从句（ that 可以省略）。另外，hope 后面+so 表示“希望如此” ；hope not 表示“希望不是这样。 wish 表示的愿望有点难实现。 wish to dosth. 希望做某事； wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事； wish that 从句，从句所表示的希望一般
40、是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。a balance ofbalanced (adj.)traditiona l (adj.)tradition (n.)like名词短语 像for example句子Need sth. / to do sth.Be good for sth. / doing sth.get 变得maybe(adv.)may v.( )原be with sth.too much n. (un)too many n.(cn)much too adj.western 西方的形式主语It s + adj. to do sth.improve 提高have a pain in the +
41、身体部位名词修饰名词：修饰词总为单数 woman man跟着所修饰词单复数变化 sport 作为修饰词总为复数there be + 主语 + doing sth.if ：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。ill The boy is ill.表语：sick表语：定语：TheThisboyis aissick.boy.sick不擅长： be weak is擅长： be good atAngry with sb. about sb. 为某事生某人的气。for 表目的，例： We come here for vacation.spendtime with sb.花时间在某人身上spend花费sb.
42、spendonsth.(in) doingsth.将来时： 1. will + v.( 原 )2. be going to do sth.3. 用现在进行时表将来时有方向性的词计划好的事babysitbabysittingbabysatsb. pay钱for sth.He is leaving in the morning.He is leaving on the morning ofth28 .He is leaving on a cold morning.有adj.修饰表示天气气候用 ongo away 离开Have a good time = Enjoy yourselfsend sb.
43、 sth. = send sth. to sb.show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.单数 复数中日友好莫要变ChineseJapaneseChineseJapanese英法联盟元音牵Englishman FrenchmanEnglishmen Frenchmenbe famous as作为Jaychouis famous asa singer.出名famous ( adj.)be famous for因而出名ShantouisJaychouisfamous for thefamous for his beautifulsong.beach.think ( 过去式： thought) ：think about sth. / doing sth. 思考 think of ：想起decide ( 决定 ) to do sth. / on sth. / on doing sth.在某大洲中心 in ：Greece is in Europe. （E