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1、英语 情态动词总结 I 情态动词的特征： 1. 本身有词义。 2. 不能独立作谓语。 2. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语。 3. 不随人称和数的变化。 II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法： 1. can 与 could用法 对比点can could 1、表“能力”Can you lift this heavy box? I couldn t understand what he said at all. 2、表“许可” You can use a different material instead. He said I could borrow his bike. 3、 “怀疑” No, no,
2、 it can t be true. What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless? 4、can与 be able to 区别 1.could 代替 can，表示语气更为婉转。 Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, you can 2.can (能够 )=be able to(仅表能力时 )，但 be able to 表示一番努力后， 才能做得到，且有更多的时态。 2.may 与 might 用法 对比点may migh
3、t 1表“询问”May I ?(=Can I ?) Might I ?(=Could I ?) (但比用 may 更客气 ) 2.表“允许”You may take the boy there. He told me he might come. (might 与 told 相呼应 ) 3表“可能” “或许” She may nor like this place. I m afraid he might not like this play. 注： 1. May I ?的答语。 2. may 可表示期望或祝愿 May you succeed ! 3. may (might) 用于目的状语从
4、句。 肯定： Yes, you may. 否定： No, you mustn t 不行 （语气强硬） No, you may not 或 No, you d better not. The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once. 3. must 与 have to 用法 对比点must have to 1. 表“必须” （主观看法）必须；没有过去式， 可用于间接引语中。 He told me I must do according to what he said. （客观需要）
5、不得不，有多种时态。 It s raining heavily, we can t go now. 2. 疑问句 Must I ? Yes, you must.（一定） No, you needn t./ you don t have to. (不必 ) Do you have to go today? Yes, we do. You don t have to worry about that. 4. need 与 dare 用法 对比点need dare 1.情态 v.+动词He need not (needn t)go. He dare not say so. 英语 原形 1）否定式 2
6、）疑问式 -Need we do it again? -No, you needn t do it again. Dare she go out alone at night? How dare you say I m unfair? If he dare do that, he ll be punished. I dare say. (固定用法 ) 2.实 义v. +to do 1）肯定式 2）否定式 3）疑问式 He needs to go. He doesn t (does not) need to go. Does he need to do it again? No, he does
7、n t need ot do it again. He dares to say. He does not(doesn t)dare to say. If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I . 3. did not need to do 表示过去 没必要做 She didn t need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.( 她没有参加 ) 5. should 与 ought to 用法 对比点should ought to
8、1、表“应该” 表劝告、建议 You should listen to the doctor s advice. We should learn from Zhang Hua. “有责任有必要”做某事 You ought to finish your work before you go home. We ought to help each other. 2、表“估计”They should get home by now. “非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该” If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.
9、 注： 1）should 还可在虚拟语气中的使用 2) 注意： ought to 的疑问式及否定式 -Ought he to go? -Yes, I think he ought to. -No, he oughtn t to. 否定式： oughtn t to do (不说 ought to not do) 反疑问句： oughtn t _? 6. shall 与 will 用法 shall will 1. 征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、 三人称： Shall I (we)? Shall he (she)? Where shall I (we)wait for you? 1. 询问对方的
10、意思或向对方提出要求： Will you (please) ? Won t you ? Would you like to.? (would替代 will 更客气 ) Won t you go and see the film?你不去看电影 吗-Yes, I think I will. 不，我想去。 2. 表示说话人的 “意愿” 有“命令” “警告” “强制”“允诺”“决心”等，用于第二、三 人称。 You shall do what I tell you ( to do). 我叫你干什么你就干什么。 Everything shall be done to save the ship. 一定要
11、竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。 2. 表示“意志” “意愿”，用于各种人称： I won t do anything you don t like. 我不会做任何你不喜欢的事。 Would 表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿” Shylock would not take the money earlier. 夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。 7. used to与 would 用法 used to would 1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况 的对比，不一定要有时间状语。 I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play. My hometown is n
12、ot what it used to be. 1.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状 语。 I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when I was in the middle school. 2.would 后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识 或状态动词 He used to be nervous in the exam. 2. 表示过去的习惯有时可互换： 英语 When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter. 3. 表示过去的次数时，不能使用： ( ）We
13、 went to the Great Wall five times when we were young. ( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young. 注： used to do的否定式： usedn t to do 或 didn t use to do (usedn t 也可写作usen t) 疑问式：Did you use to do ? Didn t you use to do? Used you to do? Usedn t you to do? II 情态动词表推测：
14、 1. 大多数情态动词（除表能力、许可、意志外），都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。 按可能性程度的高低排列为：must will would ought to should 完全肯定完全可能很可能 can couldmay might 可能有可能 2. 区分情态动词的否定含义：may not 或许不、可能不might not 可能不can t 不可能 mustn t 不许、禁止shouldn t 不应该needn t 不必 3. 情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测。 S主+情态动词+ be + adj 对“性质”“特征”的推测 S主+情态动词+ be + n 对“职业”“
15、事物”的推测 S主+情态动词+ 动词原形对经常性行为的推测 S主+情态动词+ be + V-ing 对进行着的行为的推测 S主+情态动词+ have + PP 对过去的行为的推测 情态动词表推测时：1、can 只能用于否定句和疑问句 2、must 只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了） 3、如句中有情态动词+ 完成时，定是对过去的推测。 4、句中如有表示不肯定的话语 E.g I am not sure; I don t know 之类，常选may /might 的各种形式。 4. 表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式 1). could + have + P.P. 表示本来能做到，
16、但事实上没有做到。 He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came. 2). couldn t +have + P.P. 表示本来不能做到，但已经做到了。 She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time. 3)needn t + have + P.P. 表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。 She needn t have attended the meeting yesterday, but sh
17、e did. 4.) should/ought to +have + P.P. 表示该做而没有做 The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given it more water. 5) shouldn t/ oughtn t to +have + P.P. 表示不该做而做了。 You oughtn t to / shouldn t have taken her bike without permission. 5. 注意： must 只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了） 1.must + have + P.P. 表示对过去肯定的
18、推测， “一定是， 准 是” The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday. 2.can + have + P.P. 表示对过去的推测（限于问句中） Can she have said so? 他可能这样说吗？ 3.can t + have + P.P. 表示对过去的否定推测 He cannot have said such a foolish thing. III 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句 英语 1. 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其 为准。 2. 以 must 为例： E.g
19、. 1. You must be hungry now, aren t you? 2. He must be watching TV , isn t he ? 3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn t he ? 4. She must have arrived yesterday, didn t she? 注： 如选择题中（以 She must have arrived yesterday, didn t she？为例）既有 didn t she又有 hasn t she则以 didn t she？ 为最佳答案。 IV 情态动词专项练习
20、与解析一 ( ) 1. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. may not ( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost ( ) 3. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were
21、to see ( ) 4. I didn t hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been ( ) 5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented ( ) 6. He _
22、 you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give ( ) 7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb ( ) 8. Wit
23、hout electricity human life _ quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be ( ) 9. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. can t B. couldn t C. may not D. might not ( ) 10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should
24、 C. need D. would ( )11. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study ( ) 12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should ( ) 13. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he me
25、ant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told ( ) 14. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken ( ) 15. P
26、eter _ come with us toni ght, but he isn t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 英语 ( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out ( ) 17. I didn t see your sister at the
27、meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come ( ) 18. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _. I ve told him already. A. needn t B. wouldn t C. mustn t D. shouldnt ( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has
28、 broken C. were broken D. had been broken ( ) 20. It s nearly seven o clock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can ( ) 21. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. can t be B. shouldn t be C. mustn t have b
29、een D. couldn t have been ( ) 22. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. won t; can t B. mustn t; may C. shouldn t; must D. can t; shouldnt ( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to ( ) 24. When can I
30、 come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need ( ) 25. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed ( ) 26. Will you stay for lunch? Sorr
31、y, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn t B. I can t C. I needn t D. I wont ( ) 27. Are you coming to Jeff s party? I m not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might ( ) 28. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can ( ) 29. I w
32、as really anxious about you, you _ home without a word. A. mustn t leave B. shouldn t have left C. couldn t have left D. needn t leave ( ) 30. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 专项练习（二） 1. I didnt see her in the meeting room this
33、 morning. She _ at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken 2. One ought _ for what one hasnt done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punished 英语 C. to not punished D. not be punished 3. If you really want yourself to be in good health,
34、 you must _ always _ so much. A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking 4. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. shouldn t go C. couldnt have gone D. shouldn t have gone 5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the En
35、glish party. They say that it _ better organized. A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been 6. Im surprised that he _ in the exam. A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed 7. The little girl _ there alone. A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare
36、 not go D. dare not to go 8. “ Must we do it now?” “ No, you _.” A. won t B. needn t C. cant D. dont 9. He said he would rather not _ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing 10. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. neednt to come B. don t need co
37、me C. dont need coming D. neednt come 11. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must 12. I _ play football than baseball. A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer 13. I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you so
38、me books. A. may B. might C. could D. must 14. There was plenty of times. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldn t have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn t have hurried 15. The plant is dead. I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given 16. You _ return the
39、 book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can t B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 17. Its still early, you _. A. mustnt hurry B. wouldn t hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry 18. Please open the window, _? A. can t you B. arent you C. do you D. will you 19. We _ for her because
40、she never came. A. mustnt have waited B. shouldnt have waited C. mustnt wait D. neednt wait 20. May I stop here? No, you _. A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont 21. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _. A. won t we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we 22. I didn t see her in the meeting room this mor
41、ning. She _ at the meeting. 英语 A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldn t have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken 23. Please dont make a noise. _. I ll be as quiet as a mouse. A. Yes, I won t B. No, I won t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will 24. The young man has made so much noise that he _ not
42、have been allowed to attend the concert. A. could B. must C. would D. should 25. Where is John? He _ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been 26. Since the road is wet this morning, _ last night. A. it must rain B. it must be raining C. it must have rained D. it must have
43、been rain 27. Will your brother stay home tonight? Im not quite sure. He _ to the cinema tonight. A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going 28. Shes already two hours late. What _ to her? A. can have happened B. may have happened C. should have happened D. must happen 29. You must be a writer,
44、_? A. mustnt you B. are you C. must you D. arent you 30. I got up early that morning, but I _ so because I had no work to do. A. mustnt have done B. didn t need to do C. neednt have done D. can t have done 31. He _ have come here yesterday, but he didn t. A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the ab
45、ove 32. I missed the last bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. have to C. may D. had to 33. He ought to win the first prize, _ he? A. oughtn t B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. both A and B 34. Everyone _ do his best for the modernizations of our country. A. can B. may C. should D. might 35. Lets clean ou
46、r classroom, _? A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you 36. Let us play basketball, _? A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you 37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _ have it tomorrow. A. must B. may C. shall D. both B and C 38. “ Your phone number again? I _ qu
47、ite catch it.” “ Its 9568442.” A. didn t B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 39. Mother _ us stories when we were children. A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling 40. She would rather _ more money on books _ on clothes. A. cost not B. to spare don t C. pay than D. spend than 专项练习（三） 1. Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party. He _. He is a man of keeping his word. A. could have left B. must have left C. can t comeD. won t be coming 2. May I park my car here? No, you _. No car is allowed to park here. A. may not B. needn t C. mustn tD.