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1、- 1 - 语法填空 考试大纲要求考纲解读 在一篇约200 词左右的短文中留出 10 个空白，部分空白后面给出单词 的基本形式， 要求考生根据上下文在 空白处填写1 个适当的单词或所给 单词的正确形式。 考查考生对语法、 词汇和语用知识的 掌握情况。 语法填空则更侧重考查考生语 法和词汇在语境中的运用，强 调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇 分析能力，凸显交际性和语境 化特征。 【考点统计】 20152016 年高考新课标全国卷语法填空考点统计 年份有提示词类试题无提示词类试题特殊句式及 固定搭配 谓 语 动 词 非谓 语动 词 派 生 词 比 较 等 级 其 他 冠 词 名 词 介 词 代 词 情
2、态 动 词 形 容 副 词 并 列 连 词 状 语 从 句 名 词 从 句 定 语 从 句 特 殊 句 式 固 定 搭 配 2017 年全国 卷 I 2 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2017 年全国 卷 II 2 1 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2016 年全国 卷 I 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2016 年全国 2 1 2 1 1 3 - 2 - 卷 II 2015 年全国 卷 I 2 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2015 年全国 卷 II 1 3 3
3、 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 【语法填空解题策略】 语法填空题设空设空大致有如下特点： 无提示词一般考查：冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等 有提示词一般考查：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。 具体策略： ( 一) 给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化( 转为名词、形容词) ，或填写谓语部分，或是填 写非谓语动词； ( 二) 给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式， 给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词( 前 缀) ； ( 三) 给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义
4、词； ( 四) 不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反 身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、 any、other 、another等限定词；有的名 词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。 Cloze 1 （2017新课标I 卷） 体裁文章话题词数建议时难度自测正确 - 3 - 间率 说明文人们对于食物中的脂肪和 盐分的态度 221 10 分钟 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and les
5、s salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community （医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They ar
6、e required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the a
7、mount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _67_ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心 ) between meals and will improve the taste of yo
8、ur food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不 一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健 康将会受到损害。 61. as 63. to process 【解析】考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb.
9、 to do - 4 - sth. 表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.” (某人被要求做 某事 ) 。故填 to process。 64. are removed 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat ，salt和 move 之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。 65. a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物 去弥补损失的东西。故填a。 66. worse 【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕
10、的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。 67. is 70. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。 分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。 Cloze 2 （2017新课标II卷） 体裁文章话题词数建议时 间 难度自测正确 率 说明文地铁的最初发展史192 10 分钟 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just
11、 under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work. It took three - 5 - years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over
12、_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than
13、25,000 people were using_67_ every day. Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道） , which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the
14、 most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。 61.crowds 【解析】考查名词，此处表示复数概念，crowd 前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds 。 62.from 【解析】考查介词，to and from来回，故填from 。 63.laying 【解析】考查非谓语动词，这里是由and 连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying 。 64.the 【解析】考查冠词，top 是名词，前要用冠词，故填the. 65.were used 【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were used 。 66.fairly