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1、2019-2020年高中人教版英语必修一教学案：Unit 1 Section (含答案 ) 语法图解 探究发现 1 “I don t want to set down a series of facts in a diary， ” said Anne. Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary. 2 “Does a friend always have to be a person？”the writer asks us. The writer asks us if a friend alway
2、s has to be a person. 3 “What do you call your diary ？”Annes sister asked her. Annes sister asked her what she called her diary. 4 “Why did you go to bed so late last night？”Father asked Anne. Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before. 5The teacher said to the students, “Wat
3、er freezes when the temperature falls below 0 .” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0. 6 “What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother？” the teacher asked us. The teacher asked us what Edison had done to help the doctor operate on his mot
4、her. 我的发现 (1)在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，从句的主语常常按照一定的规律发生变化，从 句的主语作适当改变，从句中的时态往往有一定改变，如句 1；但陈述客观事实时时态不变， 如句 5。 (2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时， 常将它变成由if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，其主句动词常用ask。如句 2。 (3)直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，将它变成由原来的疑问句引导的宾语从 句。如句4、6。 (4)语序变化：直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句 语序。如句2、3、4、 6。 直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。间接引
5、语是用自己的话对别人的话进 行转述，不用引号。 一、人称变化的三原则 1 “第一人称随主”原则 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的 人称变化。 Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称) Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称) 2 “第二人称随宾”原则 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰
6、，从句中的人称要跟引号外的 主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 Her colleague said to her， “Who did you ask for a leave？” 她的同事对她说： “你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称) Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称) 3 “第三人称不更新”原则 指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。 Mr. Li said, “Jack is a good wor
7、ker.” 李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人”。(直接引语为第三人称) Mr. Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(改为间接引语后人称不变) 即时演练1将下列句子改为间接引语 He said, “I am proud of my motherland.” He said that he was proud of his motherland. “ You are wasting your time day- dreaming！ ” he said to Mary. He told Mary that she was wasting her t
8、ime day- dreaming. Mr. Smith said, “His voice is wonderful.” Mr. Smith said his voice is wonderful. 二、时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表： 直接引语间接引语 句子时态 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成时不变 一般将来时过去将来时 His friend said to him, “ We are planning to have a picnic.” 他的朋友对他说： “我们计划去野餐。 ”(直接引语为现在进行时) Hi
9、s friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) The organizer said, “ We have begunour plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时) The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时) 名师点津 直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况： (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言； (2)直接引
10、语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。 My teacher said to us yesterday，“ Early birds catch worms .” 昨天老师对我们说： “ 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 ”(直接引语是谚语) My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变) 即时演练2将下列句子改为间接引语 I said, “I will give her some advice tomorrow.” I said that I would_give her s
11、ome advice the next day. “ You have already done your duty， ” he said to her. He told her that she had already done her duty. He said, “I am living with my old brother.” He said that he was_living with his old brother. “ Light travels much faster than sound ， ” he said. He said that light travels mu
12、ch faster than sound. My friend Linda said to me, “I saw the film three days ago.” My friend Linda told me that she had_seen the film three days before. 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 引语 用词 直接引语间接引语 指示代词 this 这个that 那个 these这些those那些 时间状语 now 现在then 那时 today 今天that day 那天 this morning 今天上午that morning 那天
13、上午 tonight 今天晚上that night 那天晚上 tomorrow 明天 the next/following day 第二天 yesterday昨天the day before 前一天 last night 昨天晚上 the night before 前一天晚上 the day before yesterday前天 two days before 两天前 three days ago三天前three days before 三天前 next week 下一周 the next/following week 第二周 ago(至今 )以前before(那时 )以前 地点状语here
14、这儿there 那儿 方向性动词 bring 带来take 带走 come来go 去 She asked, “ Is this book his？” 她问： “这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this) She asked whether that book was his. 她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that) “Ill be very busy today， ” said the man. 那个人说：“我今天会很忙。 ” (直接引语中用today) The man said he would be very busy that day. 那个人说，那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为
15、that day) 即时演练3将下列句子改为间接引语 They said, “We arrived this morning.” They said that they had arrived that_morning. John said, “I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.” John said that he had written back telling him about it the_day_before. He said, “It s ten oclock now. ” He said that it was ten o
16、clock then. She said, “I ll do it tonight.” She said that she would do it that_night. He said, “I brought it home with me.” He said that he had taken it home with him. 四、连接词的选择 1直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that 引导的宾语从句。在口语中， that 可以省略。 He said，“ I was cooking when the earthquake happened.” He said (that) h
17、e was cooking when the earthquake happened. 名师点津 直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“ said to sb.” 常改为 “ told sb.” 。 She said to me, “ I came back an hour ago.” She told me (that) she had come back an hour before. 2 直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(. or . 或 or not)或 if 引导。 He said, “Are you interested in
18、English ？” He asked(me)if/whether I was interested in English. 名师点津 如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 3直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化 遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “What s your name？”he asked me. He asked me what my name was. 名师点津 疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 即时演练4将下列句子改为间接引语 “ Where are you going？”the fath
19、er asked his son. The father asked his son where he was going. Mother said to her daughter, “Are you satisfied with your new room ？” Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room. .完成直接引语和间接引语的互换(每空一词 ) 1 “I will try my best to publish her diary ， ” said Annes father. Anne
20、 s father said that hewouldtry his best to publish her diary. 2 “I will go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow ， ” my father said to me. My father told me that he would go to Beijing for a meeting thenextday. 3 “China is the biggest developing country in the world， ” said Mr Smith. Mr Smith said that
21、China is the biggest developing country in the world. 4 “Did you see the film last night？”asked Bob. Bob asked me whether/if I hadseen the film the night before. 5 “How did you get this information ？”Miss Liu asked him. Miss Liu asked him how he had got that information. 6 “Where does he live now？”M
22、other asked me. Mother asked me where he livedthen. 7 “How much have we spent on petrol this year？”Susan asked her husband. Susan asked her husband howmuchtheyhadspent on petrol that year. 8Mother asked me, “Have you finished your homework ？” Mother asked me whether/ifIhadfinished my homework. 9He s
23、ays, “ I bought you a book yesterday.” He says thatheboughtme a book yesterday. 10She said, “ He left for Shanghai last week.” She said that he hadleft for Shanghai theweekbefore. .补全句子 1He told_his mother that if he had enough time, he_would_go_swimming. 他告诉母亲如果有足够的时间，他会去游泳。 2He asked us whether To
24、m had_left that day or the_day_before. 他问我们汤姆是昨天还是今天离开的。 3He said_to me, “I_left book in your room. ” 他对我说，“我把书留在你的房间里了。” 4Father asked Peter, “ When_did_you_go to bed last_night？” 父亲问彼得， “你昨晚什么时候睡觉的？” 5 The little girl replied/answered loudly, “ The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” 小女孩大声回答道： “太阳从东边升起，西边落下！”