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1、学习必备欢迎下载 名词（一） 一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼， 我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称 的词都叫名词 。 二、名词的分类： 1专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如： Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如： English, Friday, March (注意介词 in/on/at 的用法 ) 注意：国家与人的对应 China- Chinese America- American(
2、s) Australia- Australian(s) Canada- Canadian(s) Japan- Japanese Germany- German(s) France-Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB-Englishman(Englishmen) 2 普通名词： （1） 不可数名词 ： 不可以直接以数字计算的名词。 例如： snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information 不可
3、数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说 one bread ，但是可以 说 one piece of bread和 two pieces of bread 。 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little 很少的（表示否定）； a little 一些（表示肯定），much（许多） ，how much （多少） ， a bit of（一些） 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： some( 一些，用于肯定句 ), any （一些，用于否定和疑问句） a lot of (许多), lots of(许 多) 不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+
4、of 例如： a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意： a bag of apples 学习必备欢迎下载 （2）可数名词 ：可以直接以 数字计算 的名词。如 one book 、two pens 。可数名词 有数的变化， 即每个名词都有 单数和复数 两种形式。可数名词可以用两种方式表 示具体数量： 1、直接在其前加数词； 2、在其前加 of 短语（of+可以用作计量的 名词） 。如： one egg, two eggs; one
5、 basket of eggs, two baskets of eggs 名词复数的构成： a. 一般情况下，直接在词尾加 s; 例如：book-books girl-girls desk-desks b.以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾 的 ， 在 词 尾加 es；例 如 ： box-boxes bus-buses watch-watches fish-fishes c. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 加 es; 例如： city-cities family-families 以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u ）+y 结尾的，直接加 s; 例如：boy-boys day-
6、days key-keys d. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的，变f 或 fe 为 v 加 es; 例如： knife-knives life-lives wife-wives half-halves 但 roof, scarf 后直接加 s e. 以 o 结尾的，有生命的 (或以辅音字母加o 结尾的 )加 es, 没生命的（或以元音 字母加 o 结尾的）加 s; 例如： radio-radios Negro-Negroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes zoo-zoos piano-pianos photo- photos 但 hippo 后直接加 s 以下名词
7、特别容易出错，请注意：stomach胃stomachs, roof 屋顶roofs, reef 暗礁reefs, belief信仰beliefs ，handkerchief手帕handkerchiefs/handkerchieves Man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, child-children, fish-fish/fishes, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen （ 公 牛 ） , deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, mouse-mice p
8、oliceman-policemen 等 注：German(德国人) Germans 只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： few 很少的（表示否定），a few一些（表示肯定），many（许多） ，how many（多 少） ，a number of( 许多的 ), several几个 课堂练习： 学习必备欢迎下载 一、写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. egg _ 2. watch _ 3. story _ 4. knife _ 5. radio _ 6. tomato _ 7. desk _ 8. glass _ 9. child _ 10. sheep _ 11. Chinese
9、 _ 12.pencil-box _ 13. wife _ 14. family_ 15. city_ 16. dress _ 17.Englishman _18. match _ 19. exam_ 20. German _ 21. potato_ 22. .juice_ 23.water_ 24.holiday_ 25.paper_ 26.factory_ 27. thief_ 28.bus_ 29.class_ 30.glass_ 31. wife 32. baby 33. policeman 34.brush 二、单项选择 1. Please pass me _. A. two gla
10、ss of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water 2. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C.information D. stories 3. He had something to write down and asked me for _. A.a paper B.some papers C.some pieces of papers D.a piece of paper 4. Some _ are
11、flying kites near the river. A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs 5. Id like some water, but he wants _. A. two bottle orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottles of oranges D. two bottles of oranges 6. Look at the _. You can see_ _ and _. A. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radioes B. photoes; potatoes, tom
12、atoes, radios C. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radios D. photos; potatos, tomatos, radioes 7. Cut the apple into _. A. halfs B.halves C. half 8. Mr. Lin often gives us _ by e-mail. A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information 学习必备欢迎下载 9. There are _ in
13、the fields. Theyre eating grass. A. a horse B. much horses C. many horse D. many horses 10. I am thirsty. Would you bring me _, please? A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs 11. -How great Dalian Radio and TV center looks!- Yes. That s one of the greatest _ in Dalian. A. building B. bui
14、ld C. buildings D. builds 12. How many _ has the old farmer got? A. field B. sheep C. mutton D. cow 13. The guide has some new _. She can show them to us. A.rice B.food C.jacket D.pictures 14. -What would you like to drink, girls? -_, please. A.Two cup of coffee B.Two cups of coffees C.Two cups of c
15、offee D.Two cup of coffees 15. The _ are going to fly to Beijing. A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans 16. The _ has two _. A.boys, watches B.boy, watch C.boy, watches D.boys,watch 17. The boy always stays there for _. A.one and half hour B.one and a half hour C.one and half hours D.one and a hal
16、f hours 18. -They are thirsty. Will you please give them _? -Certainly. A.some bottles of waters B.some bottles of water C.some bottle of water D.some bottle of waters 19. Don t you think Dalian is one of the most beautiful _ in China? A.cities B.city C.place D.towns up 20. -What can I do for you? -
17、I m looking for _. A.a pair of shoes B.a pair of T-shirt C.two pairs of hat D.two pair of trousers 21. Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident. A.person; life B.people; lives C.peoples; lives D.persons; life 学习必备欢迎下载 22. There are _ on the table. A.a glass of water B.a glass of milk
18、C.two glasses of water D.a glass of orange 23. There are few _ in the fridge. Let s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages. A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs 24. Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us. A.some good pieces of news B.some pieces of good news C.some good piece of news D.some piece of go
19、od news 25. There is a lot of _ in the box. A.cake B.bags of cakes C.milk D.bags of milk 课后作业： 一、英汉互译 1.一片面包2. 一瓶牛奶 3.一箱苹果4. 一碗汤 5.一条消息6. 四杯桔子汁 7.五包糖果8. 两公斤牛肉 9.十一名美国人10. 六名女学生 二、用所给名词的正确形式填空。 1. I have two (knife). 2. There are many (box) here. 3. I got a lot of Christmas (card). 4. There is a pair
20、 of (glass) on the table. 5. There are a few (people) in the playground. 6. How many (ship) can you see in the picture? 7. Mike has seven (friend). 8. A few (boy) are drawing on the wall. 学习必备欢迎下载 9. He has some interesting (book). 10. The (child) are playing football now. 三、单项选择 1. He is hungry. Gi
21、ve him _ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads 2. I would like to have_. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks 3. Can you give me _? A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D . a cup of tea 4. P
22、lease give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of 5. John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 6. Children should make_ for old people in a bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room 7. There are sixty-seven_ in ou
23、r school. A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher 8.We need some more_. Can you go and getsome, please? A. potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.Potatos 9.A group of _ are talking with two _ over there. A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen D. Germans
24、; Frenchmans 11.Lucy and I go to school _ every day. A. on feet B. on foot C. by foots D. by buses 12. Are those _? - No, they arent. Theyre _. A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows 13.She is the tallest of in the family. 学习必备欢迎下载 A. any sister B. all the sisters C. all her sis
25、ters D. any other sisters 14. They don t have to do today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D.much homeworks 15. The Chinese people enjoy happy now. A. life B. lifes C. a life D. lives 名词（二） 重点：名词所有格 在英语中，有些名词的词尾可以加上 s, 用来表示所属关系，这种结构称为名词 的所有格。 1. 单数名词变所有格，只需在词尾加 s. Eg. the boy s s
26、choolbag the worker s shoes 2. 复数名词的词尾已有s, 只需加 即可。 Eg. the teachers office the students pens 3. 若复数名词词尾无s, 则应加 s. Eg. Women s Day the People s Park 4. 无生命的词的所有格一般可用of 加名词这一结构来表示。 Eg. the name of the museum the center of the city 5. 表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名词前加 s，若表示各自所 有， 则每个名词后都要加 s. Eg. Jim and Tom s
27、 bedroom ( 吉姆和汤姆的卧室 )（两人共有） Jim s and Tom s bedrooms ( 吉姆和汤姆的卧室 ) （两人各自所有） 课堂练习： 一、用 s 或 of 填空。 1. my mother bag 2. Tom friend 3. the door our room 4. postmen bags 5. the teachers desk 6. a book my father s 学习必备欢迎下载 二、汉译英 1. 露西的书2. 学生们的鞋子 3. 李明的猫4. 母亲的裙子 5. 这个公园的花6. 我们教室的墙 三、用所给名词的正确形式填空。 1. This is
28、 (May) book. 2. My (brothers) toy cars are very beautiful. 3. He is a friend of my (mother). 4. That s (Ken and Bill) new bedroom. 5. -Whose are these lunchbox? -They are (Ben). 6. (Pat) bag is very pretty. （Bob）is very pretty, too. 7. These books are my (friend). 8. Tomorrow is June 1 st. It s (chi
29、ldren) Day. 四、单项选择 1. This is not your radio, but . A. yours brother B. your brother s C. you brother s D. yours brothers 2. September 10 th is Day. A. Teacher B. Teachers C. Teachers D. Teachers s 3. Jane is sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Mary s and Jack s C. Mary s and Jack D. Mary and Jack s 4. I wi
30、ll give you to finish it. A. two week s time B. two week time C. two weeks time D. two weeks time 5. Miss Smith is a friend of . A. Mary s mother s B. Mary s mother C. Mary mother s D. mother s of Mary 6. March 8 th is Day. 学习必备欢迎下载 A. Woman B. Women C. Women s D. Woman s 7. Mary went to last night.
31、 A. the house of her father B. hers father s house C. the house s her father D. her father s house 8. There are sheep in this place. A. a lot B. lot C. much D. many 9. It s about walk from this shop to the nearest bus stop. A. three minutesB. three minute C. three minute s D. three minutes s 10. The
32、 doctor was very happy. He made mistakes in the exam. A. a little B. little C. few D. a few 课后练习： 一、用 s 或 of 填空。 1. the desks our classroom 2. my btother computer 3. windows the office 4. the students Grade four 5. the drivers cars 6. today newspaper 7. Linda blouse 8. the doctors coats 二、汉译英。 1. 六个
33、月的假期2. Lily 和 Lucy 的单车 3. 老师们的包4. 女孩们的裙子 5. 孩子们的牛奶6. 林涛的衣服 7. 她姐姐的照片8. 这些男士的夹克 三、将下面的句子填写完整。 1. （李明的父母） work in a big hospital. 2. (小女孩的狗 ) is under the tree. 3.That big bed is (Mike 和 Jack的). 4. (母亲的鞋子 ) are all black. 5. (教室的窗户 ) are not big. 6. (Peter 和 Sue 各自的老师 ) are not in the office. 7. (他的猫的
34、名字 ) is Miao. 学习必备欢迎下载 8. This is (我妹妹的英语书 ). 9. (王平和王明的父亲 ) is a hotel manager. 10. Is this (你的好朋友的笔 )? 四、用 be 动词的适当形式填空。 1. There a desk and three chairs here. 2. Half of the information lost yesterday. 3. He thinks maths very difficult. 4. Look, there so much water here! 5. there any people in th
35、e room last night? 6. Tom and Mike s bedroom very small. 7. All the students know Paris the capital of France. 8. The books of his uncle s a bit expensive. 9. Tom s grandparents teachers. 10. The trousers on the chair Mr Brown s. 11. This pair of glasses too big for me. 12. That beautiful clothes my sister s.