初中英语语法之形容词副词练习题(2).pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载 形容词和副词 误The young likes playing football very much. 正The young like playing football very much. 析定冠词加形容词表示一类人，应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则 要看作单数，如：The beautiful is not always kindness. 误The danger has gone, so the worst are over. 正The danger has gone, so the worst is over. 析意为： “危险已经过去，最困难的状况已结束

2、。“用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时 误It is the gold age of the young. 正It is the golden age of the young. 析golden 在英语中多用于比喻，如：golden hair 金发， gulden voice 金嗓子。而gold 多 用于表达金质的，如：a gold bar 金条， a gold coin 金币，但gold fish 金鱼例外。 误She is a warm heart woman. 正She is a warmhearted woman. 析英语形容词的构词法很多，其中之一是由形容词，或数词，加名词加ed 构成，

3、如： warmhoarted 热心肠的， whitehaired 误There is an alive fish in the pool. 正There is a living fish in the pool. 析在初中范围内所学到的以a 字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语，只能作表语。如： The fish is alive.( 鱼还活着 )这样的形容词有：alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 误The ill man nearly died. 正The sick man nearly died. 析ill 一般不作定语来形容某人有病，而要用si

4、ck，但作表语时则都可以。如：He is ill sick, ill 作定语时则另有他意，如：ill luck (厄运 )，ill nature(天性恶劣 ),ill temper(心绪不好 ) 误I have important something to tell you. 正I have something important to tell you. 析不定代词something, anyone, somebody在用形容词修饰时，形容词应放其后。但要 注意 thing 则不是不定代词，不符合上述规律。如：I have an important thing to tell you. 误I

5、ll be free on next Sunday. 正Ill be free next Sunday. 析在表达将来时的时候：next Sunday, next week, next year 或 last Sunday last week, last year 误The girl is twoyear old. 正The girl is two years old. 正She is a twoyearold girl 析由连字符连接若干名词、数词组成的形容词，在学习时要记住两点，其一是这 些词中的名词都不要用复数形式，如：twothousandword report( 两千字的报告 )；其

6、二 误The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings. 正The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings. 析 学习必备欢迎下载 1. 指示代词，定冠词2. 数量词3. 性质词4. 5. 形状6. 老少，新旧7. 颜色8. 材 如：What a pretty little white horse! Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand. 误The

7、 best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day. 正The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day. 析good 是形容词，这里是修饰动词speak的，所以应用副词well ，但 well 作形容词讲 时只作身体好。如：He is well.( 他身体很好 )。He is good.( 他是个好人 ) 误The children play on the grass nappyly. 正The childre

8、n play on the grass happily 析多音节 y 结尾的形容词变为副词时应将y 变为 i 再加 ly. 误The teacher looked angry at the students. 正The teacher looked angrily at the students. 析英语中感观动词后面要接形容词，这时它是修饰主语的，如：The food smells good. 食物闻起来很香。The teacher looked angry 而此句的意思为：“老师 生气地看着学生“ 误He worked with me friendly. 正He was friendly

9、to me. 析 不是所有结尾是ly 的词都是副词， 但 friendly 是形容词， 这样的词还有lovely, lonely, costly, lively monthly weekly。但其中有些词既是副词，又是形容词，如：early, hourly, monthly 误You can speak free in front of your friends. 正You can speak freely in front of your friends. 析free 作为形容词意为“自由的，有空闲的，免费的“。作为副词讲则是“免费 “之意。而 freely 作为副词则是“自由的， 随便的

10、“hard 努力，艰苦hardly 几 乎不late lately 最近的，最新的near 近 nearly like 像 likely 误They must have arrived till now. 正They must have arrived by now. 析by now 是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生，所以应用瞬间动词。而till now must have+过去分词是对过 误Someone called you right now. 正Someone called you just now. 析just now 有两个意思，其一是“刚才 “，其二是 “现在 “，而 rig

11、ht now 只能用于现在的 状态。 just 则用于完成时态，如：I have just finished my homework. 误My father will be back from America at present. 正My father will be back from America presently. 析presently 有两个意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美语中是现在之意，与at present 相同。而for the present 为暂时，如：I teach English in the school for the present. 误Ill be back

12、 at the moment. 正Ill be back in a moment. 析 at the moment 其意为 “现在，当时 “，而 in a moment 意为 “马上过一会 “， 与 in a minute 学习必备欢迎下载 误The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time. 正The train from Shanghai will arrive here on time. 析 on time 为 “准时 “， 而 in time 有两个含意。 其一是 “及时 “， 如： The doctor arrived in time

13、。 其二是 “将来，终究 “ 误I met an old friend sometimes last month. 正I met an old friend sometime last month. 析Sometime 过Sometimes 如：Sometimes I go to school by bus.Some time 一些时间 如：I need sometime to do my homework.Some times 几次 如：I went to Shanghai sometimes this month. at times at all times some other time

14、 改天 误I had met an old friend three days ago. 正I had met an old friend three days before. 正I met an old friend three days ago. * ago 用在时间状语中时，主句中谓语动词一般用过去时，而before 用于时间状语时则主句 误He studied very hard. and at the end he passed the exam. 正He studied very hard, and in the end he passed the exam. 析 in the e

15、ndat last 意为 “最终，终于 “，表达经过若干努力而达到的结果。而 at the end 是在某事的结束时如何如何，如：At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books 误I will come here to help you each three days. 正I will come here to help you every three days. 析every three days 为 “每三天 “，即每隔二天，而every other day 为每隔一天。 误He didnt go to the cinem

16、a yesterday. and I didnt go, too. 正He didnt go to the cinema yesterday and I didnt go either. 析英语中表示 “也“，有 4 个字， also, as well, too, either ，但 either 用于否定句中，而前 3 个用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too 与 as well 一般要用在句尾，而also 则可用于句中。如： She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如：Ive also read her other nov

17、els. 误We should help the poor girl in anyway. 正We should help the poor girl in any way. 析 anyway 为“不管怎么 “讲，“无论如何 “，如：What a terrible accident, anyway no one was hurt. any way 为“任何方式 “ everyday 日常的every day faraway 遥远的far away altogether 总计all together already 已经all ready 误You can come to the doctors

18、 at anytime. 正You can come to the doctors at any time. 析anytime 是副词而 any time 中的 time 误She said nearly nothing. 正She said almost nothing. 学习必备欢迎下载 析nearly 与 almost 的含意相近，在很多场合可以互换，但在否定词前用almost。 误There are too much mistakes in your homework. 正There are too many mistakes in your homework. 析 too much

19、后接不可数名词， 如： There is too much water for the flowers. 而 too many 后 加可数名词， much too 后面加形容词，如：It is much too difficult to learn English well. 误It is late enough that we can go home now. 正It is late enough for us to go home now. 析要注意的是enough 后面一般不接从句而接不定式，或不定式的复合结构：for somebody to do something 误The twin

20、s are very alike. 正The twins are much alike. 析用 a 为首字母的形容词不能用very 修饰，一般要用much 误- How long does he write to his parents? - Once a week. 正- How often does he write to his parents? - Once a week. 析英文与中文表达法不同，隔多长时间办一次某事，实际上问的是该事发生的频率， 所以要用how often 误As soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call up you. 正As

21、soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call you up. 析当动词词组的宾语是人称代词时则一定要放于动词之后，如果是名词则可以放在词 I want to watch TV . Please turn on the TV. 也可以讲：Please turn the TV on. 误He drove quickly his new car. 正He drove his new car quickly. 析副词在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下几种用法：实意动词之前，如：He quickly give me the answer. 在 be 动词之后，如：The li

22、ttle boy is often late for class. 第一助动 词之后，如： This book has almost been finished. 在单独使用的be 动词和助动词之前， 如： Can you help me this afternoon? I certainly can. 宾语之间，如果是宾语从句或是很长的名词 He heard clearly what the teacher said. 误The children came late yesterday to the cinema. 正The children came late to the cinema

23、yesterday. 析表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句 首。 误You have few new books, havent you? 正you have few new books, have you? 析英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少，几乎没有)，a few( 有一 些，几个 )；修饰不可数名词的有little ( 很少，几乎没有)，a little( 有一点，有一些)。要注意 的是当 few 和 little 用于句中时应看作否定句，而 a few 和 a little 用于句中时则应看作是肯 定句。 误He spent

24、quite little money on his food. 学习必备欢迎下载 正He spent quite a little money on his food. 析quite a 为一固定用法，其意为“十分，相当，所以“。 quite a fewmany, quite a little much 而 only a little little, only a few=few. 误Do you want to have many bread? 正Do you want to have some bread? 析some 与 any 都可以用作形容词、副词或代词，在一般情况下，some 用于

25、肯定句， any 用于疑问句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答复时，应用some。 其次是 some 可以用来 修 误Please tell me where the shoes shop is? 正Please tell me where the shoe shop is. 析 a shoe shop 鞋店 a fruit shop 水果店 a book shop a post office 邮局 a police station 警察局 a bus stop 误He is weak at physics. 正He is weak in physics. 析在表达擅长于作某事时用be good a

26、t something, 而其反意词为be bad at something， 但 be weak in something 误This dictionary is worth to buy. 正This dictionary is worth buying. 析be worth 后可接动、名词表达值得作某事，又可接价格、金钱表示值 误Dont afraid of that. 正Dont be afraid of that. 析afraid be afraid of 害怕be careful of be certain of 有把握，确定be sure of be glad of 高兴be s

27、ick of be fond of 误The work has already been done well. 正The work has already been well done. 析 well 与 badly 作副词时， 表示好坏， 如果句子是被动语态，则应放在过去分词之前， 如：This machine has been badly damaged. 如果句子是主动语态，则应放于句末， 如：I did my homework well. 误We are yet in the classroom now. 正We are already in the classroom now. 析a

28、lready 主要用于肯定句，而yet 多用于否定句和疑问句中，如： Did you finish it? No. not yet. 误Look. Here comes he! 正Look! Here he comes! 误Look! Here the bus comes! 正Look! Here comes the bus! 学习必备欢迎下载 析在句子开头用Here 时，如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序，如果主语是名词则要 误She is my older sister. 正She is my elder sister. 析elder 和 eldest 是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，而o

29、lder, oldest 则是指岁数大 多少，如： She is three years older than I. 误Im tired. I cant go further. 正Im tired. I cant go farther. 析far 有两个比较级farther 较远的， further 进一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation? 你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级。farthest 和 furthest. 误I went to Beijing University five years before. 正I went to Be

30、ijing University five years ago. 析ago常与过去时连用，而before 误- Have you finished your homework? - No, not already. 正- Have you finished your homework? - No, not yet. 析仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already， yet 与 still 。 要注意的是already 经 常用于肯定句中，如The bus has already gone。 而 yet 多用于疑问句和否定句中，如：Have you finished your homework

31、yet? 而 still 则常用于主语与谓语动词之间，如：We still cant decide what to do. 但也有时用于be 动词之后，如：He is still here. 误He is very higher than I am. 正He is much higher than I am. 析much 可以用来修饰比较级，而very 则用来修饰形容词原级，如：Im very tired. 误- Can I walk to the station?- Youd better not. It is very far. 正- Can I walk to the station?

32、- Youd better not, It is a long way. 析 for 一般用在疑问句与否定句中，如：How far is it from here to the station? 又如：It isnt far. 误Ive ever been to America. 正Ive been to America once. 析once 多用于肯定句，而ever 则用于疑问句，否定句，及条件状语从句中，如：Have you ever been to London? 误- Could you pass the exam this time? - No, I am not afraid s

33、o. 正- Could you pass the exam this time? - No, Im afraid not. 析 在肯定的答语中我们可以用so 来代替上句所讲的事件，如：Do you think she is a good student? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ Im afraid so. 但在否定的答语中，英语口语的习 惯用法则有所不同，如，I dont think so 而在 hope, belive 与 afraid 后则常用not， 如：I hope not. 误She didnt work enough h

34、ard, so she couldnt pass the exam. 正She didnt work hard enough, so she couldnt pass the exam. 析enough 可以作名词用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. ( 对于 学习必备欢迎下载 如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了。)I have enough money (or money enough) to buy this dictionary. 注意enough 作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名 词后，在初中范围的考题中多用于名词

35、之前。如果enough 作为副词用，那么它一定要放在 误You cant be very careful. 正You cant be too careful. 析 此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。tooto 的用法是 “太以至于不能作某事“。 但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to 省去， 如： It is too expensive for me. 那对我来讲是太贵了。 误He is good past fifty. 正He is well past fifty. 析well 作为副词用时除用于“好“之外还有 “大大地、远远地“，等意。往往有人对下面 He is well. He is good

36、. 其实这两句都是正确的表达法，只不过其含意不同。 He is well 是“他身体不错 “， 而 He is good 则为 “他是个好人 “ 误She is not as half clever as her brother. 正She is not half as clever as her brother. 析在 asas结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearly, almost, exactly as 误He is same age as Tom. 正He is the same age as Tom. 析the same as是固定的用法，其中定冠词the 误Mother an

37、d her daughter are exactly like. 正Mother and her daughter are exactly alike. * like 作为介词， 其意为 “像“， 应用于look like, be like, sound like, 其后要加宾语。 而alike 是形容词，或副词，如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但 alike 仅作 误Who is taller of the two? 正Who is the taller of the two? 析 误I have less boo

38、ks than Tom. 正I have fewer books than Tom. 析less 是 little 的比较级，而fewer 是 few 的比较级。 less 后应加不可数名词而fewer 误There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary. 正There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary. 析 误The boy sat there as quiet as his sister. 正The boy sat there as quietly as his

39、 sister. 析 asas的用法要注意的是：在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级，而不可加比较级， 也有的语法书中称为同级比较。要根据句意决定是加形容词还是副词，这要看它具体是修 饰动词还是名词而定，如：He is as good as his friend. 学习必备欢迎下载 误The harder you study, and you can learn more. 正The harder you study, the more you can learn. 析 英文中如果要表达越来越怎样，在初中范围有两种表达法：比较级 +and+比较级。 定冠词 +比较级，如：The nights are

40、 getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音节形 容词的比较级前要加more， 这样的用法是： more and more 加形容词， 如：The girl is growing more and more beautiful. 误Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English. 正Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English. 析 在作比较时， 英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致。如用动名词， 应都用动名词， 用不定式时则都用

41、不定式。但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to 可以省略。如： To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one. 误The girl is more cleverer than the boy. 正The girl is much more clever (much cleverer) than the boy. 析 clever 有两个比较级： cleverer 和 more clever,要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级。 clever 的两个比较级也各有不同之处，如用在两种不同性质的比较时多用more clev

42、er,如： He is more clever than honest. (他的聪明要远远超过其诚实。) 析The boy is the tallest to the three. 正The boy is the tallest of the three. 析最高级的范围要用of 误This book is one of the most useful dictionary. 正This book is one of the most useful dictionaries. 析在 one of 误This dictionary is the much best one of the Engl

43、ishChinese dictionaries. 正This dictionary is much the best one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries. 析 在修饰最高级时应用far/by far/much 加 the 加最高级。但 very 例外， 如： He is the very best player in the team. 误Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China. 正Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 析在比较级中表

44、示比较对象时如用any other 误Most of stories in this book are written in English. 正Most of the stories in this book are written in English. 正Most stories in this book are written in English. 析“大多数 “一词的表达法有most of the +名词，或most+名词。当用前一种结构时，其 误The temperature of that room is higher than this room. 正The temperat

45、ure of that room is higher than that of this room. 析比较级用于两句话之间时，比较的部分不可省略掉，但为了避免重复，一般都要用 that代替前面的单数名词， 而用 those代替前面的复数名词， 如： The books in that box are bigger than those in this box 误He is no more here. Maybe he is at home. 正He is no longer here. Maybe he is at home. 析no more 在现代英语中多译为：“从此再也不会了“，如： His voice is no more here. 他 已经去世了，他的声音不可能再出现了。而用no longer 表达目前的状态。要注意下面几组 This room is no cleaner than that one. 即两间屋子都不干净。(两者都不干 学习必备欢迎下载 净) This room is not cleaner than that one, 即这屋子不如那间干净。(前者不如后者干净。即一 间干净，一间不干净。)