高中英语必修三知识点.pdf

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1、必修 3 知识点归纳 Unit 1 Festivals around the world 1. mean v. 饿死 starve for 渴望得到starve to death 饿死be starved of 极需,缺乏 starve for 极其需要,渴望得到starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事 6. honour 1) v . 尊敬 ,给以荣誉honour sb. with sth. 用某事向某人表达尊重 be honoured to do 做某事感到很荣幸 2) n. 荣誉,光荣in honor of 为了纪念 have the ho

2、nour of doing 有幸做某事 show honour to sb. 像某人表达敬意 7. satisfy vt. 满足 ,使 满意 ; be satisfied with 对满意be satisfied to do 对做某事感到满意 satisfy one s needs/demands/curiosity 满足某人需求/好奇心 satisfying adj.satisfaction nsatisfactory adj.令人满意的 satisfactory 指客观的事物或主观的表现达到要求而令人满意, 主语一般用客体。 satisfied 指主体对事物或表现感到满意, 主语是主体 (

3、人 ) satisfying: 令人愉快 , 主语是不定式 . 常用于句型 : It s satisfying to do sth. 做.使人满意 8. in memory of 纪念 ,悼念 9. belief n. 信任;信仰,信心 have belief in sth./sb. 对某物 /某人有信心beyond belief 难以置信 in the belief that . 相信It is my belief that . 我相信 10.gain n. 获得;增加;获利,获得物;收益;利润 vt. 得到;获得,赢得,增加,增添,到达 gain 指在斗争,竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”,所

4、得到的东西常具有一定价值。 win 含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思,意为“赢得”。 get 为普通词,有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 earn 意为“赚得” ,表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。 acquire 意为“获得,取得” ,一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。 11. gather 1) 聚集 ,集合(vi) A lot of people gathered to see what had happened. 2) 收集(vt) The student gathered a lot of information about the hero. gather 用途

5、较广泛,可用于人、物或无形的抽象事物,如人群的集合,食品、财产、文件、书籍等 的收集。强调将分散的东西收集在一起。 collect 强调为了研究目的而做的有鉴别、有计划的收集,并指为了爱好而做的有条理的安排,对某 些事物进行逐渐的收集 12.hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound的区别与用法 hurt 普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上 , 感情上的伤害。 injure比 hurt 正式 , hurt 多指伤痛 , 而 injure 则指损害健康, 成就 , 容貌等 , 强调功能的损失。 damage 主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失

6、, 这种损失或因自然灾害所 致, 或因人为造成。 wound指枪伤 , 刀伤 , 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的 , 严重的伤 , 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指肉体上的 伤害 , 也可指人们精神上的创伤。 13. dress “ 给 穿衣服 ” 。后接 sb. 或者反身代词 get dressed 表示动态be dressed 表示静态 , dress in. 穿何种衣服dress up是“ 打扮 ,化装 ” 14. award. n. 奖, 奖品v. 判给 , 授予 award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物 award 后接双宾语 reward 奖赏 , 酬谢 , 不能接双宾语。reward s

7、b. for sth. reward sb. with sth. 15.admire v. 意为 “ 赞赏 ;钦佩 ;羡慕 ;赞美 ;夸奖 ” admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地in admiration of 表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人 联想拓展warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物 rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱 /除去某物suspec

8、t sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事demand answer of sb.要求某人答复 ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙 许可,允许 with/without (ones) permission 得到允许 /未经允许ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事have ones permission 得到某人的同意 17. clothing/clothes/cloth clothing 是衣服、被褥的总称,为不可数名词; cloth

9、es 指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服,它没有单数形式 18. look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着某事, 其 to 是介词 , 而不是动词不定式符号。 习惯于 be (get) used to 坚持 stick to 反对 object to 导致 lead to 献身于 be devoted to 被宣判为 be sentenced to 喜欢 prefer.to 谈到 come to 期待 look forward to 增添 add to 开始 get down to。 19. as though 和 as if (1) 引导方式状语从句

10、She acted as though nothing had happened 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。 当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be 时, 可以把主语和to be 一起省去。 He looked about as though (he was) in search of something 他四处张望 , 好像寻找什么。 (2) 引导表语从句 It looks as if it s going to rain看样子天要下雨 as though 和 as if 从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气,根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事 实完全相反 , 或者

11、纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。 20. have fun 过得快乐= have a good time=enjoy oneself. have fun ( in ) doing sth. 21. turn up. 1) 来, 出席 (某活动 ) 2) 把(收音机等 )音量开大一些 , 反义词 turn down. turn against 反对;背叛turn down 调小;拒绝turn off 关掉turn on 打开;发动turn out 结果是;证明是turn to sb. for help 向某人求助turn away 走开 ;转过脸去 ; turn in 进入;交出;上交turn

12、 over 打翻;移交;反复考虑turn into 把变成 22 keep one s word 守信用,反义词是break one s word 失信 注意: keep one s word和 break ones word 中的名词word 不能用复数形式! break ones word 食言get in a word 插嘴in a/one word=in short 总而言之in other words 换句话说word for word 逐词have a word with sb. 与某人谈话 have words with sb. 与某人争吵word came that .有消息传

13、来 23. obvious adj. 1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词 2) It + be + obvious +that-clause 显而易见 ,一目了然 obvious 是三者中程度最强的,含有“ 一目了然 ”之意。 apparent 具有某些明显的迹象,侧重经历推理才能看出结果。 clear 表示明白的,清楚的。指不模糊含混,易于观察,了解和识别。 24. marry 的用法: 1) “和结婚 ” ,“ 嫁 ”,“ 娶. ”时, marry 为及物动词,要用marry sb.,而不用marry with sb. 2)表示婚姻状态 , 后接宾语时要用介词to, 而不

14、用 with. 注意: marry 和 get married 都表示短暂行为,不能和表示一段时间的短语连用,而be married 则表示 婚姻状态,可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用。 25. set off: 动身 , 出发 ; 使(地雷、炸弹)爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力 set about doing sth. 着手 (做某事 ) set in 开始set up 建立,创立set down 写下,记下 set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种 动的状态 set off for

15、a place 出发到某地set about doing sth.开始(某工作) ;着手做某事 set out 从某地出发上路set out to do sth.开始做某事 set sth. up 摆放或竖起;创立,建立set sth. aside 将放在一边;节省或保留金钱或时间 set down 记下;写下 26. It was obvious/clear that .= obviously/ clearly, . 表示“很明显,显而易见”。 属于 It is/was + adj./n./p.p.+thatclause 结构。 It is necessary/important/stran

16、ge/natural+that+sb. should do 必要的 /重要的是 /奇怪的 /自然的是某人应 该 It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that+sb. should do 遗憾的是 /羞愧的是 /难怪某人应该 It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/ .+ that . 据说 /判断 /报道 /宣布 /预计 Its suggested/ordered that sb. (should) do 建议 /要求某人(做)某事 Unit 2 Healthy eating知识点归纳 1. diet 日常饮食g

17、o on a diet = be on a diet 节食a balanced diet 平衡饮食 diet 既可指习惯上吃的食物,又可指规定的食物。特指维持健康的食物。 food 是一般用语,指进入身体供人或动物生长的食物。强调种类时为复数名词。 2. provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. supply sb. with sth .= supply sth. to sb. offer sb. sth / offer to do sth. 3. energy 原是物理学上的术语“ 能量 ”, 用于人时则指 “ 精力 ,活力,能量 ” powe

18、r (身体上 ,精神上,自然的)能力 ,体力 ,智力,力量 strength 人的或者物体内在的或者固有的力量 force 主要指做某事而使用的外力,或者武力,部队,兵力。 4. frustrated 修饰人或者人的声音,表情frustrating 令人沮丧的 be frustrated with 对.感到沮丧 5. ought to (1)表示责任,义务 He ought to look after his sister. (2)表示建议或劝告 You ought to study hard. 你应该努力学习。 (3)ought to 的否定形式ought not to (4)ought t

19、o have done = should have done 过去应该做而未做 6.think of (1)想起;记起Sorry, I didn t think of your name just now. (2)考虑We should think of the matter carefully. (3)为 着想Chen Guangbiao is always thinking of the poor people in the poor areas. (4)想;打算I am thinking of giving up smoking. think about 想;考虑think much o

20、f 对评价很高think highly / well of 高度评价 think out 想出 think badly / little of认为不好think over 仔细考虑 7. 情态动词 must, may, might, should 用于肯定猜测;can / could 用于否定和疑问猜测。 (1)表示对现在情况的猜测,用“ 情态动词 +动词原形 ” He must be in the classroom. 他一定在教室。 (2)表示对过去情况的猜测,用“ 情态动词+ have +过去分词 ” The ground is wet, it might have rained las

21、t night. 地是湿的,昨晚可能下雨了。 (3) can / could 用于疑问句表示“ 可能 吗 ” ;用于否定句表示“ 不可能 ” 。 - It can t be him. He has gone to Xi an.不可能是他,他去西安了。 8、be tired of 对厌倦;厌烦 be tired of 对厌倦;厌烦 be tired from / with 由于 而疲惫 特别提示: tired of 为形容词短语,在句中作状语。形容词作状语时,多放在句首或句末。在句中作原因状语、 条件状语或伴随状语。 9. lose weight 减肥put on weight 增肥;长胖 10

22、 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 have sb. / sth. doing 让某人做某事;让某情况发生 have sb. / sth. done 使某事被做 11. get away with 不受惩罚;被放过 get across使了解get around/round/about 到处走动get down to 着手,开始 get down 下来;使沮丧get over 恢复get through 完成 get away from 摆脱get along with 与相处get out of 从中出来 12. tell a lie / lies to do somethin

23、g 为了做 而撒谎 tell a lie / lies with sb. = lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 13. lie- lay-lain-lying 躺,位于 lie -lied-lied- lying 撒谎 lay- laid- laid- laying 放置,下蛋 14. too much 后接不可数名词;位于动词后,修饰不及物动词 much too 修饰形容词或副词 15、 earn one s living 谋生=make a living 16. although / though / as / while / no matter / _ever 引导让步状语从句,要正确区

24、分主句,从句之间 的逻辑关系。 17. cusrom 风俗,习惯 customer 顾客,消费者 18、 in debt 欠债 be out of debt 不欠债get into debt=run into debt=fall into debt 负债in one s debt 欠某人情 19. consult sb./ sth. 查阅某事物 /请教某人 consult sb. about sth. 就某事咨询某人 consult with sb. 与某人交换意见,商谈 20. be willing to do 愿意做某事be unwilling to do 不愿做某事 21.glare v

25、i. 怒视;发耀眼的光 glare 指由于羡慕、恐惧、惊讶而用恐吓、凶狠或愤怒的眼光看。 gaze 指由于惊讶、好奇、喜悦、同情或感兴趣而目不转睛的看。 stare 指固定的凝视,暗示好奇、勇敢、无礼貌或愚蠢。 glance “ 一瞥 ” 22、 spy on 暗中监视 spy into 探听spy out 觉察;发现spy out the land 了解情况;估计形势 23. benefit ( 1)vt. 对有利The fresh air here will bebefit you. ( 2)vi. 受益;得到好处benefit from/by You will benefit from

26、the fresh air here. 24、cut down ( 1)削减;减少You should cut down your smoking. 你应该减少吸烟。 (2)砍倒Only a few trees can be cut down for firewood. cut across走捷径cut at 向砍去cut in 插嘴;干预 cut off 切断;挡住cut out 删掉;切除cut up 切碎;使难过 25、 before long 不久以后 ,用于一般将来时态。 long before 表示 “ 很久以前 ” ,用于过去时态。 26、put on ( 1)穿上;戴上Put

27、on your coat, it s cold outside. ( 2)上演;表演;展出They put on a new play last week. ( 3)假装He put on a smile when he saw me. put aside 放到一边;存储put away 收起来;存储put back 放回原处;拨慢 put down 放下;写下来put forward 提出;推荐put off 推迟;让 下车 put out 扑灭;生产;发表put up 举手;搭建;张贴put up with 忍受;容忍 27. the+序数词表示第几个a+序数词表示再一个,又一个 28.

28、to 做介词的固定搭配: be / get / become used to 习惯于be given to 喜欢;癖好be related to 与有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于be opposed to 反对devote oneself to 献身于 be admitted to 被 录取;准进入be attached to附属于adjust to 适应 be known to 为所知be connected to 连在一起compare to 把比作 access to 接近 (某地的 )方法according to 根据contribute to 为作贡献 get down

29、 to 着手做lead to 着手做object to / be opposed to 反对 put one s mind to全神贯注于next to 的旁边due to 由于;归因于 thanks to 多亏了;由于owing to 由于;因be familiar to 为 熟悉 Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note 1、bring up (1)提出Why did you bring that question up again? (2)抚养大;教养Parents should bring up children to be polite. (3)呕吐He

30、must be ill, he brought up everything. bring down 击落;降低bring about 致使bring along 使发展;领来 bring back 拿回来;使恢复bring out 出版;生产bring in 介绍;引进;赚钱 2、be set in 故事发生在;以为背景 set about 开始;散布set back 往回拨;推迟set aside 挑出;不顾;不理会 set apart 使分离;留出set forth 动身;启程;阐明set off 动身;出发;引爆 set oneself against 坚决反对set out 动身;开始

31、;装饰;摆放set up 开办;建立 set out to do sth 着手做set about doing sth 着手做 注意: set out 和 set about 都表示 “ 着手做 ” 。但 set out 后跟 to do, 而 set about后跟 doing。 3、do with 。 (1)安排;处理多和 what 连用 I have a lot of personal affairs to do with today. (2)想要;需要多和 can 连用 Your hands can do with a wash. 你的手需要洗一下。 (3)有 就行了;凑合。多和can

32、 连用Can you do with five Yuan a day? (4)受不了;不能多和 cant连用。I can t do with his temper.我受不了他的脾气。 (5) 与有关多和 have to 连用 The man has nothing to do with the case. 4. permit sth. permit sb.to do sth. permit doing sth. 5. by accident 偶然;无意中 by chance 偶然;碰巧by mistake 错误的by all means 一定;务必 by means of 用;凭借by no

33、means 决不 6. mistake 指偶然做错了事,如拼写错误,错拿了东西等,强调日常生活中的错误 error 指违反某一标志做的错事,包括道德上的错误 fault 性格上或方式上的“ 缺点 ”“毛病 ” ,强调过失的责任,不与make 搭配,与have 或 commit 搭配 wrong 指“ 坏事,冤枉 ” 7、find oneself 发现自己 ;不自觉的 When he came to himself, he found himself in a ward. 苏醒过来后,他发现自己在一个病房里。 注意:此句型中,宾语补足语一般用介词短语、现在分词或过去分词充当。 8、account

34、 for 做出解释;导致How do you account for the accidents in series? by / from all accounts 据说,据报道keep an account of 记录 on someones account为(某人)着想on ones own account.靠自己(的钱财) take something into account / take account of) (在决定或行动之前)将考虑进去 9. seek - sought - sought ( 1 ) 追求;寻找Everyone is trying to seek truth f

35、rom facts. ( 2 ) 试图;企图I ve never sought to hide my view. ( 3 ) 征求We should seek advice from our customers. ( 4 ) 朝/ 往去;指向Water seeks its way east. 水往东流。 seek after/ for 寻求;追求seek out 搜出;挑出 play hide and seek 做迷藏not far to seek 不难找到;很简单 10、 on the contrary 正相反 to the contrary 相反的by contraries 相反的;出乎意

36、料的by contrary to 和 相反 on the contrary “ 恰恰相反,指对上文关系的转折。 to the contrary “ 相反的 ” ,是对事物的评判。 I will come on Monday unless you write me to the contrary. 我星期一来,除非你写信叫我不来。 11、 take a chance 冒险I don t want to take a chance to do that. 我不想冒险做那件事。 take after 与.相像take delight in 以为乐take for 把.看成是take in 接受;吸收

37、;理解 take over 接管take into account考虑take into consideration考虑 12、否定转移句。 think, believe, suppose, consider, imagine 这几个词后如果跟否定形式的宾语从句,否定不能放在 从句中,必须放在主句里。但翻译为汉语时,又要把否定放回到从句中去。 I don t think he will come this afternoon. 我想他下午不会来的。 He doesn t believe that I can win the match. 他认为我赢不了比赛。 否定转移句的反义疑问句构成:当主句

38、主语是第一人称时,反义疑问句反问从句;当主句主语是 第二、第三人称时,反义疑问句反问主句。无论反问主句还是反问从句,反问部分一般用肯定形式。 I don t think he will come this afternoon ,will he? 我想他下午不会来的,他会吗? He doesn t believe that I can win the match, does he? 他认为我赢不了比赛,是吗? 13、 in rags 衣衫褴褛 14、 as for 至于;说到As for me, I don t have enough money to do that.易混辨析: 15、 It

39、is / was for sb. to do sth. 该某人做某事It is for you to pay the bill this time. 16、 ask for (1) ask for something 要东西The man came up and asked for a light. (2)ask for sb. A.要求见某人Someone is asking for you in the office. B.要某人接电话Someone is asking for you one the phone. 17、 regret vt. 维持其后的介词for 经常省略。The me

40、eting lasted (for) three hours. 9. in time 及时;终于You will get used to it in time. 最终你会习惯的。 on time 按时in no time 立即;马上at one time 曾经;一度at a time 一次 at any time 任何时候at times 有时;偶尔from time to time 有时 10. atmosphere 大气层,经常与定冠词联用the atmosphere 气氛,氛围The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly. 11. un

41、like prep. 不像Unlike his brother, he is diligent. 不像弟弟,他很勤奋。 dislike v. 不喜欢I dislike eating fish. I like eating meat. 12. be fundamental to 对至关重要,基础fundamental differences 根本的不同 13. for the first time 第一次,为介词短语,一般做时间状语。 The first time 为连词,连接句子 14.lay eggs 下蛋 lay the table 摆桌子lay up 储存;搁置lay over 推迟la

42、y the blame on 责怪 lay the foundation 奠定基础lay to 归咎于lay out 摆开;展示lay open 摊开;揭露 lay aside 放在一边;积蓄lay down 放下;放弃lay for 等候 15. give birth to生产;产生She gave birth to a healthy baby last night. at birth 出生时by birth 天生的;生来be of good birth 出身名门 a second birth 再生;新生bring to birth 使产生 16. spread 伸展;延伸; (消息,火)

43、等蔓延,传播 The news spread through the school quickly. The mother spread a cloth on the table. The fire spread quickly, but all the people were able to escape. 17. thus adv 相当于 therefore 因此 The universities have expanded, thus allowing more students to get a higher education. 18. in one s turn 轮到 . by t

44、urns 轮流in return 作为回报in turn 依次轮流反之,从而 go for a turn 散步;兜风out of turn 不合时宜的take a turn 转弯 19.tooto 太而不能 表示肯定得几种情况 20 depend on 依靠,依赖;取决于It / that depends.看情况吧。 注意: depend on 后不能跟that 引导的宾语从句,这时必须在从句前加上it. You may depend on it that she will surely pass the exam. 21 the year to come= the coming year 在

45、将要到来的一年。To come 做后置定语 22. block vt. (1)堵住;阻塞A big stone has fallen from the mountain and blocked the road. (2)阻碍;阻挡The wet weather blocked our plan for a trip. block out vt. 封闭 ,遮挡(光线和声音等); 忘记,抹掉That wall blocks out all the light. 23. off (1) (和某些动词连用) 开; 掉The bird flew off. 鸟飞走了。 (2) (作表语)走掉;动身走Are

46、 you really off? 你真要走吗? (3) (和某些动词连用)下去Cut the end off. 把头切掉。 (4)距离多远(时间;空间)Summer is only a week off. 再有一个星期就到夏天了。 (5) 不工作;休息The manager gave the staff a day off. 经理让员工休息一天。 24. explain sth. to sb.= explain to sb. sth. -explanation(n) 25. mass n. 一堆;一块;一团 (1)a mass of = masses of 大量的;许多 . 既可修饰可数名词,

47、也可修饰不可数名词. After harvest, we will have a mass of rice. 收获以后,我们会有大量的水稻。 (2)the masses 群众The masses are the true makers of history. (3)in the mass 一般来说The work is well done in the mass. 26. now that 既然相当于 since,引导原因状语从句,that 可以省略。 Now that you have arrived, let s start the meeting. 既然你们到了,我们开会吧。 27. g

48、et / have the hang of 学会使用;懂得I can t get the hang of his speech. give a hang about 对 有兴趣I don t give a hang about pop music. 28. break out 无被动 ( 1)爆发The First World War broke out in 1914. ( 2)突然发生A big fire broke out in the factory last night. (3)突然大声People listening to the joke broke out laughing.

49、break up 结束;拆开break down 出故障;失败;身体垮了break down打到;破坏;消除 break off 断开;中断break in 闯入;打断;插话break into 强行进入;打断 break up 分开;放假break through 冲过;克服;战胜 29. warn vt. 警告 (1) warn sb. of / about sth. 警告/ 提醒某人某事 (2) warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人(别)做某事 (3)warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人别做某事 (4)warn sb. that 警告;告诉某人可能发生某情况 30. get/be close(adj.) to 靠近 close adv. 具体的近stand/sit close(adv.) to closely

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