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1、精品文档 精品文档 句子 The Sentences 知识要点： 句子按使用的目的可分为四类： 1、陈述句2、疑问句3、祈使句4、感叹句 从结构上看句子可分为三种类型： 1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句 一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences） 1、陈述句： （1）肯定句： We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。 （2）否定句： They don t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。 说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。 2、疑问句： （1）一般疑问句： Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？ Yes, I am. 是
2、的，我是工人。 Haven t you seen the film? No, I haven t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。 说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be 开始的问句。回答要用yes或 no。 （2）特殊疑问句： Who is the man? 这人是谁？ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？ 说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句） （3）选择疑问句： Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do.
3、 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。 说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。 （4）反意疑问句： They are going to the airpor t, aren t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？ You haven t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ 说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定； 前面句子否定，后为肯定。 He se
4、ldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？ He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？ 说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little 等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。 3.祈使句： a陈述句： Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。 b否定句： Don t worry. I ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。 说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。 4.感叹句：
5、感叹句通常有what, how 引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what 修饰名词， how 修饰形容词，副词或 动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 How + 形容词 + a +名词 + 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！ How+ 形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！ 精品文档 精品文档 What + 名词 +陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！ What +a/an+ 形容词 +名词 +陈述语序。例如
6、：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！ What+ 形容词 +复数名词 +陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！ What+ 形容词 +不可数名词 +陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！ What a clever boy he is! 的省略形式为：What a clever boy! what + n.： What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！ What a fine day it
7、is! 多好的天呀！ how + adj. ： How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！ how + adv. ： How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！ How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！ How + adj. + a (an) + n. How nice a boy (he is) ！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！ 说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。what 修饰名词， how 修饰形容词、副词或句子。 二、句子的类型（Types of Sentences） 1、简单句的句子的类型： 一个主语
8、 +一个谓语，例： The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴。 两个主语 +一个谓语，例： Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。 一个主语 +两个谓语，例： He opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了。 两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例： Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。 结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例：
9、 Hello! 喂！ Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！ Many thanks. 万分感谢。 2、简单句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns） 句型结构： （1）主语 +不及物动词： S + Vi. ，例： Birds fly. 鸟飞 They disappeared. 他们消失了。 （2）主+ 连系动词+ 表语： S + V + P，例： She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。 He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。 （3）主+ 及物动词+ 宾语： S + Vt + O ，例： He like
10、s swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 We help each other. 我们互相帮助。 （4）主+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语： S + Vt + O + O ，例： I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。 （5）主+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 补语： S + Vt + O + C ，例： 精品文档 精品文档 They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight o clock.
11、我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。 注： S = Subject（主语） Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词） P=Predicative （表语） O=Object （宾语） C=Complement 补语 重点、难点： 否定陈述句要注意下列几点： （1）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not 或 no (= not a /any) 构成的，除not 和 no 外，用具有否定意义的 副词也可构成否定陈述句。常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。 （
12、2）其他成分的否定形式 有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种。 否定的主语： Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。 None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。 No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。 否定的宾语： We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。 He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。 You must reme
13、mber not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。 否定的状语： They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。 We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。 （3）不定代词all, both, everyone 或 everybody 用于否定句时，表示部分否定。 All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. ) 这里的树并非都是苹果树。（有
14、的是苹果树，有的不是。） Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.) 这姐儿俩并不都是护士。 Everybody can t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. ) 并不是人人都能做这件事。 【专项训练】 ： 一、陈述句和疑问句： 1、They happy when they hear the news. Awill Bwill be Cwere Ddont 2、 “ Is your uncle a driver?” “. ” ANo, but my
15、aunt is BYes, but my anut is CNo, he doesntDYes, he does 3、We satisfied with their work. AdontBare not CwontDweren t being 4、He coffee at all. He tea. Adoesn t like, prefersBlikes, doesn t prefer Cwould like, not prefers Dprefers, is not fond of 5、She me only twice since last year. Asees Bwas seeing
16、 Chas seen Dhave seen 6、My grandma in the country. Now she in the city. Aused to live, lives Bused to living, lived Cuses to live, is living Dwas used to live, lives 精品文档 精品文档 7、You make such mistakes again. Ashould never Bshould not always Cwould always not Dwould not forever 8、 “ Can you drive a c
17、ar?” “ . ” AYes, and Jim can t tooBYes, but Jim cant CNo, but Jim can, too DNo, but Jim cant 9、 “ Are you going to the super market?” “ No, . ” AI cycle there BI walk there Cto the work DI ve already been there 10、In England tea with milk or sugar in it. Ausually drinks Bis usually drunk Cusually is
18、 drunk Ddrank usually 11、 “ Is she going to the post office?” “ No, . ” Ashe doesntBshe goes by bike Cto the shops Dshe s on the bike 12、Tom like reading at all. He interested in playing basketball. Adoesn t, isBdoesn t, wereCis, does Dwas, is 13、When home from work? Ado your parents come Bdoes your
19、 parents come Chave your parents Dour parents come 14、Which of the students the examination? Anot pass Bdidn t passCpass Ddidn t passed 15、They trouble lifting the heavy box. Adidn t have manyBhadn t a lot of Cdidn t have much Dhaven t a great deal of 16、 “ Did you have breakfast this morning? “. ”
20、AYes, I had BYes, I did CNo, I hadntDNo, I didn t have. 17、colour is the cover of the dictionary? AWhat BWhich CHow DWhose 18、 “does he brush his teeth a day?” “ Twice. ” AWhat time BHow long CWhen DHow many times 19、There are many pictures on the wall. do you like best? AWhat BWhich one CWhich of t
21、he picture DWhich one picture 20、Since when her? Adid you know Bhave you known Cdo you know Dyou know 21、 “ That ten pound note belongs to me.” “ . ” AYes, it is BYes, it belongs CNo it doesnt DNo, it isnt 22、 “ Would you rather wait or come back later?” “. ” AI d rather come backBYes, I d rather no
22、t wait CNo, I d rather waitDto come back 23、 “shoes do you take?” “ Size 42.” AWhich number BWhat number 精品文档 精品文档 CWhat size DWhat 24、 “is the weather like today?” “ It s windy.” AWhat BHow CWhat kind DWhich 25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ? Aif have Bif any Cif ever Dif
23、not 26、is the distance between these two villages? AHow far BWhat CHow long DHow much 27、do you go to the cinema? Twice a month. AHow many time BHow much CHow long DHow often 28、How it in English? Ayou say Bdo you speak Cdo you say Dto speak 29、is the population of the city? AHow much BHow many C Ho
24、w DWhat 30、did she get this information? AWhom BWho CWhere DWhat 31、does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan. AHow many BWhat price CWhat DHow expensive 32、About do you want to know more? AWhom Bwho Cwhich Dwhat 33、 We haven t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose to her. Awas happening
25、 Bto happen Chas happened Dhaving happened 34、 Have you heard the news about Jim? No. What ? Ais it Bit is Care they Dthey are 35、 Would you rather go there by train or by air? . AYes, I would BNo, I wouldnt CYes, by air DBy air 36、I go or you go yourself? AWill willBShall shallC Shall willDWill sha
26、ll 37、 Do you think the question easy or not? . AYes, I do BNo, I dontC It is easy DYes, it s easy 38、Shall we stay at home or to the park? Ato go Bgoing Cgo Dwill go 39、writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain? AWhichever BWhether CWhat DWhich 40、was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bri
27、dge open to traffic? It was open to traffic in 1968. AWhat BWhat time CHow long DWhen 二、感叹句、祈使句 41、from Beijing to London! AHow long way it is BWhat a long way it is 精品文档 精品文档 CWhat a long way is it DHow long a way is it 42、Oh, John, you gave us! AHow a pleasant surprise BHow pleasant surprise CWhat
28、 a pleasant surprise DWhat pleasant surprise 43、terrible weather we ve been having these days! AHow a BWhat a CHow DWhat 44、girl she is! AWhat bright a BHow a bright CHow bright an DWhat a bright 45、we have today? AHow fine day BWhat fine day CHow a fine day DWhat a fine day 46、How flowers are! Abea
29、utiful BbeautifullyC beautiful the Dbeautiful that 47、How ! Adoes time fly Btimes fly Ctime flies Dflies time 48、What work he does! Aharder Bhard Chardly Dhardest 49、careful our monitor is! AHow a BHow CWhat a DWhat 50、advice he gave us! AWhat a BHow good CWhat good DHow 51、picture it is! AWhat wond
30、erful BHow a wonderful CWhat wonderful a DHow wonderful a 52、I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong! AHow do BWhat do CWhat DHow 53、hardworking students they are! AWhat BWhat a CWhat an DHow 54、long time it lasted! AWhat BWhat a CHow DHow a 55、down the radio. The baby s sleeping in the next room. ATurnin
31、g BTo turn CTurn DTurned 56、Let sfootball in the street. Anot to playB not play Cdon t play D not playing 57、careful when you cross the street. ADon t beBDo be CBeing DDo 58、the child all day long! ALet, not to cry BNot let, cry CDon t let, to cryDDon t let, cry 59、afraid of make mistakes! ADon t be
32、BNot to be CNot being D Be not 60、me again before coming. ACalling BTo call CDo calling D Call 三、反意疑问句 61、You d like some coffee, ? 精品文档 精品文档 Aweren t you Bwouldn t youChadn t youDshouldn t you 62、I don t think he will come to the meeting, ? Awill he Bwon t heCdo I Dam I 63、Harry and his brother pro
33、mised to work harder, . Ado they Bdon t they Cdid they Ddidn t they 64、His father knows little about it, he? Adoes Bdoesn tCis he Disn t 65、We all like reading story books, ? Ado we Bdo you Cdon t weDdon t you 66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre she? AdoesntBdoes Cis Disn t 67、Your father promis
34、ed to buy a computer for you, he? Aoften, did Bnever, didnt Calready, did Dnever, did 68、Be sure to write to us, ? Awill you Baren t you Cwould you Dcan you 69、Don t smoke in the meeting room, you? Ado you Bwill you Cwould Dcan 70、It s fine today. Let s go fishing, ? Awill we Bshall we Cdo we Ddon t
35、 we 71、Mary has few friend in Japan, she? Ahas BdontCdoesn tDhasn t 72、There is a beautiful lake in this city, ? Aisn t itBisn t there C is it Dhasn t it 73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ? Ais it Bisn t there C isn t itDis there 74、He comes late sometimes, ? Aisn t heBcomes he Cdoesn t he Dis
36、 he 75、 You are not a new comer, are you? . I came here only yesterday. ANo, I am BYes, I am CNo, I m not DYes, I m not. 76、She could hardly believe it, ? Acouldn t sheBcould she Cdidn t sheDdid she 77、You needn t go, ? Acan you Bmust you Cneed you Dmay you 78、You must work hard from now on, ? Acan
37、you Bwon t you Cmustn t you Dneedn t you 79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, you? Awere Bhave Chaven tDmustn t 80、He must have left home yesterday, he? AhasntBdidn tCmustn tDneedn t 81、You don t think I m going out in such wet weather, ? Aam I Bdo you Cdon t you Ddo I 82、You d
38、better call in a doctor for your mother, you? Ahad Bwould ChadntDwouldn t 83、You need to come earlier, you? Adon t youBneedn tCdontDwont 精品文档 精品文档 84、You dare not go alone, you? AdontBdo Cdare Ddaren t 85、He shouldn t drink so much, he? Ashould Bought Cwould Dwill 86、Nothing can stop us doing that,
39、? Acan we Bcant we Ccan t itDcan it 87、I m late for the meeting, ? Aamn t IBaren t ICdon t IDaren t you 88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ? Adoes he Bdoesn t he Cdo they Ddon t they 89、None of the workers attended the party, ? Adid they Bdid he Cdidn t heDdidn t they 90、Everything is right
40、 here, ? Aisn t itBaren t theyCare they Dis it 91、A lovely day, ? Ais it Bdoes it Cisn t itDdoesn t it 92、He isn t a diligent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ? Aisn t itBis he Chas he Dis it 93、My sister often needs help with her study, ? Aneed she Bneedn t she Cdoesn t she Ddoes sh
41、e 94、You should have watered the flower earlier, ? Ashouldn t youBdidn t you Cdon t you Dhaven t you 95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, ? Ais it Bisn t itCdoes it Ddoesn t it 96、What a pretty girl, ? Aisn t itBis it Cis she Disn t she 97、Wang Ping can t be in the bedroom, ? Acan she Bi
42、s she Ccan t heDisn t he 98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week, ? Ado I BShall I Cmay I Dcan I 99、Let us do it for you, ? Awill you Bwon t you Cshall we Dshan t we 100、They have to face the difficulty, they? Ado BdontChaven tDwont 【答案】： 1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、 C 12、A 13
43、、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、 A 18、D 19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、 C 24、A 精品文档 精品文档 25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、 D 30、C 31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、 D 36、C 37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、 B 42、C 43、D 44、D 45、D 46、C 47、 C 48、B 49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、 A 54、B 55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、 A 60、D 61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、 C 66、B 67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、 A 72、B 73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、 C 78、C 79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、 A 84、C 85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、 A 90、A 91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、 B 96、D 97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B 7.若选 B 翻译为：你不能再一次经常犯这样的错误。 再一次和 经常矛盾 题目的意思就是要表达“ 你不能再一次犯这样的错误了”