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1、高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1阅读理解 Want to improve your writing skills? New Writing South is directing the way! Towner Writer Squad ( 班级 ) for kids aged 13-17 Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick, Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at the contemporary art museum for 11 months, startin
2、g 12 October, 2016. The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyric (抒情诗 ) to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers. Application an epoch they call the Anthropocene . By 2100, it is expected that humans
3、will have caused the extinction of up to half of the worlds current species. Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at
4、what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered. The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also
5、 been many smaller extinctions. One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the megafaunal extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44k
6、g). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists. （1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？ A. Humans are the main cause of it. B. It means a global decline over a long time. C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene. D. Scientists still disagree about the cause of it.
7、（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？ A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100. B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet. C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the Anthropocene . D. It is not easy for us to figure
8、out causes behind the Anthropocene . （3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ? A. Land animals. B. Marine life. C. Huge animals. D. Flesh-eating creatures. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大 规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地
9、的丧失。但是，各个 科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝大型 动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。(1)考查细节理解。第三段提到大规模物种 灭绝是在a relatively short period of time，所以 B 错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生 在 the end of the Pleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C 错误； 根据第三段中的They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction a large, global decline in
10、a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause. 可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原 因，没有不同意见，因此D 错误，因此选A。 (2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ There might be as many as 10 mi llion species of complex life on this planet today ” ，以及第四段中的By 2100, it is expe
11、cted that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the worlds current species.可知，到22 世纪，地球还 会有目前物种的1/2 会灭绝，也就是10million 的半，即five million ，因此选B。 (3)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg).可推知megafaunal应为大型 动物
12、，因此选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅 读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。 6阅读理解 Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still of the speculation, a
13、nd scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things. One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs ( 肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land. Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家 ) Alfred
14、 Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again. Homer thought that tidal (潮汐的 ) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fitt
15、est among them grew to accomplish the transition ( 过渡 ) from sea to land. Romer called these earliest four- footed animals “ tetrapods” . Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it. Hannah Byrne is an oceanographe
16、r (海洋学家 ) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Homers theory to places where fossil deposits (沉积物 ) of the earliest tetrapods were found. According to the magazine Science , in 2
17、014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now. The creatures stranded in t
18、he pools would have been under the pressure of “ survival of the fittest” , explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UKs University of Bangor. As he told Science, “ After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food. the fish that had large limbs had an advantage becau
19、se they could flip ( 翻转 ) themselves back in the water.” As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge Universitys paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaking to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “ Its only one of many ideas for the origin of land-base
20、d tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer,” she said. （1）Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools? A. Alfred Romer. B. Charles Darwin. C. Hannah Byrne. D. Steven Balbus. （2）Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they
21、 are today according to Steven Balbus? A. There were larger oceans. B. Earth was closer to the moon. C. The moon gave off more energy. D. Earth was under greater pressure. （3）The underlined word “stranded ” in Paragraph 8 probably means “_”. A. found B. settled C. abandoned D. trapped （4）What is the
22、 focus of the article? A. The arguments over a scientific theory. B. The proposal of a new scientific theory. C. Some new evidence to support a previous theory. D. A new discovery that questions a previous theory. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C 【解析】 【分析】本文为一篇说明文，一些新的证据验证了先前人们的猜测理论：即海洋 中的动物是因为潮汐的作用导致鱼类发展出四
23、肢，迁徙到陆地的。 (1)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家 ) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.”和第四段中的 “ Homer thought that tidal ( 潮汐的 ) pools might have led to fis h gaining limbs.”可知，是Alfred Romer 最 先提出了鱼类可能因为潮汐而发展出四肢的理论。故选A。 (2)考查细节理解。根据第七
24、段中的“ tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.”过去的潮汐比现在强。这是因为 地球这颗行星以前比现在离月球近了10%。可知，选B。 (3)考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“ Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. ” 可知， Homer认为海洋生物因为潮汐被迫进入水池；第八段中的“ The creature
25、s stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of survival of the fittest, explained Mattias Green,“ 结合两处可知，鱼儿是被迫进入池中，故选D。 (4)考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，英国生物学家达尔文的物种起源极大地提高了科学 家对自然的认识。但仍有不少没有根据的猜测。其中的一个猜测就是为什么在4 亿年前， 海洋中的动物有了四肢，从而让他们迁徙到陆地上生活。一个世纪以前，美国古生物学家 Alfred Romer 提出的一个想法，即潮汐可能导致鱼类发展出四肢，这再次成为一个热
26、门话 题。针对此许多科学家进行的实验提供了许多新的证据来证实它。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅 读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。 7阅读理解 Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists: Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off
27、 developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the worlds problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may
28、help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us. Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me.
29、Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the dan
30、ger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large- scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans. Scientist C: Im a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Ro
31、bots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of whats happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “ murderbots” following
32、orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. （1）What is Scientist B worried about? A. AI technology will destroy the earth. B. Computers cant think by
33、 themselves. C. Robots will take the place of humans. D. Humans will be unhappy without machines. （2）What does the underlined word “this ” in the last paragraph refer to? A. I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots. B. We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator. C. “ Murderbots” cant
34、decide by themselves.D. “ Murderbots” will be against humans orders. （3）Which statement is CORRECT according to the record? A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop. B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future. C. “ Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manu
35、facturers in the wars.D. All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings. （4）Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects? A. Scientist A B. Scientist B C. Scientists B germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums. Flossing (使用牙线 ) helps to re
36、move the food that gets stuck between your teeth. This explains why flossing helps to keep your mouth healthy, but some doctors say that flossing can also be good for your heart. It may seem strange that something you do for your teeth can have any effect on your heart. Doctors have come up with a f
37、ew ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. One idea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood.Germs that get into the blood can then attack your heart. Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs in your mouth, t
38、he body tries to fight against there germs. For some reason, the way the body fights these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart overtime. Not every doctor agrees about these ideas. Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence. The in
39、cidence (发生率 ) of two or more events is completely random, as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effect relationship between them. For example, every time I wash my car, it rains. This does not mean that when I wash my car, I somehow change the weather. This is only a coincidence. Similarly
40、, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heart problems, and people who have good flossing habits just happen to have healthy hearts. The theory that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be true. But every doctor agrees that flo
41、ssing is a great way to keep your teeth healthy. So even if flossing does not help your heart, it is true to help your teeth. This is enough of a reason for everyone to floss their teeth every day. （1）From the passage, we know that _. A. food stuck between your teeth may hurt your teeth B. all of th
42、e doctors agree that flossing is good for your heart C. doctors judgment about flossing is based on medical research D. not every doctor thinks flossing helps to keep your teeth healthy （2）The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 is to _. A. provide an example B. make a comparison C. introduce a new t
43、opic D. develop the previous statement （3）Which of the following best states the main idea of the last paragraph? A. It is a fact that flossing can help your heart as well as your teeth. B. There is no good reason to believe that flossing will help your heart. C. Because doctors find flossing wont h
44、elp your heart, it is useless to floss. D. Even if flossing is only good for your teeth, you should still do it every day. （4）Which is the best title for the passage? A. Flossing by Coincidence B. How to Keep Your Teeth Healthy C. Flossing Habits and Healthy Hearts D. Why Doctors Disagree About Flos
45、sing 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）D （4）C 【解析】 【分析】本文提到经过研究，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保 护牙齿的健康是可以肯定的。 ( 1 )推理判断题。根据第一段提到It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food attracts germs(细菌 ), germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums.(长时间让食物停留在牙齿是有害处的，这是因为食物能吸
46、引细菌，细 菌会产生酸，腐蚀你的牙齿)，故选 A 项。 ( 2 )句意猜测题。 Not every doctor agrees about these ideas不是每个医生都对这些问题持相 同的态度， Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence. 一些医生认为用牙线剔牙与心脏健康之间的关系只是偶然Similarly, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing ha
47、bits just happen to also have heart problems一些医生认为有剔牙习惯的碰巧有心脏问题，故是发展以前的观点，因此选D 项。 ( 3 ) 段落大意题。根据最后一段提到剔牙能保持你的心脏健康这一理论可能并不正确的， 但医生同意剔牙能保证牙齿的健康，因此即使剔牙不能有助于你的心脏，肯定能保护你牙 齿，这就是每天剔牙的重要原因，故选D 项。 ( 4 )主旨标题题。本文提到经过研究，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保 护牙齿的健康是可以肯定的，故选C项。 10阅读理解 Dear Mr.ing, Im Bob Watson, one of the cust
48、omers in your grocery store. Im writing to express my idea about your goods. Your Supermart is outstanding in many ways. First I enjoy the selection of produce and fresh bakery items. Second your low prices and excellent customer service keep me coming back to Supermart. I have found, however, that I must make a separate shopping trip to one of your competitors because there are many items your store does not carry. This becomes inconvenient for me, as my time is valuable, and I dont like to make two trips. I have been a long time Supermart sho