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1、现在完成时讲解 一现在完成时结构： S（主语）+ have/has(单三人称用 has)+p.p.(过去分词 )+时间状语（for+时间段 / since +时间点 /since+从句-用过去时） 1.他已经到达了北京。 2.他还没有到达北京。 3.他到达北京了么？ 4.是的，他到了。 /不，他还没到。 二P.P. 过去分词1.规则动词的过去式和过去完成时是一致的。 2.不规则动词 的过去式和过去分词大部分一致， 少数要求一 一记忆（在过去式记忆清楚的基础上） 。 写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词 watch live change study carry stay cry prefer dro
2、p AAA cut put hit AAB beat ABC fly begin write ABB buy lose dream 二现在完成时的标志 already（已经） ，yet(只用于否定句和疑问句句尾，用在否定句中翻译成“还 没” ，用在疑问句中翻译成“已经”), just(刚刚 ), ever(曾经 ),never(绝不，从 不),before(之前),so far(到目前为止 ),since (自.以来), for+时间段 1.我已经刷过牙了。 2.我还没吃早饭。 3.我刚刚完成了我的家庭作业。 4.到目前为止我已经学习2000 个单词。 5.我之前从没去过北京。 三for/si
3、nce since: ( 自以来 ) 1)since+时间点 1.自从下午 5 点以来，他就一直呆在这里。 2)since+ 时间段 + ago 2.从五个小时以前他就一直呆在这里。 3)since+ 从句（从句用过去时） 3.她在这教英语自从她来到这里。 for+时间段 1.）他已经学了五年的英语了。 对 for 或 since引导的时间状语提问必须用 how long, 决不能用 when. 1).I have lived here for six years.( 划线提问 ) 2).He has been in China since he came.（划线提问） 四瞬间动词和延续性动词
4、的转化 瞬间动词 ，也叫终止性动词、点动词、非延续性动词、短暂性动词。这类动 词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成，不能延续下去，即动作从开始到结束所 持续的时间极短。瞬间动词往往表示动作的结果，或表示短暂性、一次性的 动作。 （arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die ） 在完成时当中瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用（不能和since, for, how long 连用） 延续性动词 表示能够 延续的动作。如： study, work, stand, lie,walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read,
5、sleep, live, stay 等等。 那如果非要与表示时间段的时间状语连用怎么办？ 把瞬间动词转换成延续性动词。 1.这支钢笔我已经买了五年了。 2.Tom 的爷爷已经过世5 年了。 3.这场电影已经开始了5 分钟。 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 1）我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 五have been to /have gone to /have been in 的问题 have been to - 曾经去过某地， 但是现在不在那里了。 常和 just，ever，never 搭配。 A B 说话时人在 A 点I have been to Beijing. have gone
6、to - 到某地去了，不在A 点，到没到 B 不知道，可能到了， 可能在途中，反正不在A 点 A B -Where is your father? -He has gone to Shanghai. have been in -在某地带了一段时间，后面加时间段 B M r.Chen has been in Suzhou for three months. 陈先生在苏州呆了三个月了。 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 1.）我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already
7、_ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where s Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7
8、. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monke
9、y _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
10、3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. -What a nice d
11、ress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. ha
12、ve been D. live 9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going III. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I hav
13、e been to Macau before. ( 改为否定句 ) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasn t come to school because he was ill. ( 就划线部分提问 ) _ _ he come to school? 3. I bough a new bike just now. ( 用 just 改写) I _ just _ a new bike. 4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 ) We _ _English _three years 5. He
14、has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问 ) _ _have they been here? 7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动 词填空） 8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换 ) Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. . Ask the questions 1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ y
15、ou _ _? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _? 3) He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book? . Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks. 1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2
16、. Jack has _ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.” 现在完成时练习题及答案 二、用 since和 for 填空 1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7.
17、 4 hours 8._an hour ago 9. _we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 13. Ive known him _ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 16. 16. Its about ten y
18、ears _ she left the city. 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He Beijing for five minutes. . 2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA s
19、ince 2008. . 3) They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out 1) He came out two years ago.He _ for _. 2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be 1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _. 2) The river be
20、came dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _. 2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp. fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep ； f
21、inish / end be over；marry be married； 1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _. 2) He left Shanghai just now. He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes. 3) My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _. 4) The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _ for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago . I
22、_ _ _ since _ _. 6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on 1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _ . 2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep ； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wear catch /
23、get a co ld have a cold； get to know know 1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _. 3) I got to know him last year. I _ him since _. 4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _. have / has gone to have been in He has gone to Be
24、ijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Part y member / a soldier 2) My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother _a _ for _ _. My brother _ in _ for two years. 四、划线提问 1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _ _ ? 2) My father has li
25、ved here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _? 3) He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book? 五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island. A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days. A: When will he co
26、me back , do you know? B: I m afraid he wont come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there. A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place? B: He _ there only once. 六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。 1) Where is Jack? He _ his country
27、. 2) David _ the park just now. 3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ they _ this village? 5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm. 9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.
28、 10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before. 11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming. 13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter? 八. 用适当的时态填空： 1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong fo
29、r ten days. 3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave). 5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there? 6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet? 7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange. 8. We - already _ (return) the book. 9. _
30、 they _ (build) a new school in the village? 10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday. 14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday. 答案 一翻译下列句子： 1. Have you ever had / eaten fish a
31、nd chips? 2. I have just lost my chemistry book. 3. I have never been to the farm before. 4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already. 5. Have you seen the movie yet? 6. My brother hasnt come /get / been back yet = My brother hasnt returned yet. 7. I have had this dictionary for three yea
32、rs / since three years ago. 8. Has been away from China for three years. 9. I have known them for five years. 10. They have been in the USA for five years. 11. He has been here since he moved to Jining. 12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for thre
33、e years. 13. They have known each other since 1999. 14. I have been in this school for over three years. 二、用 since或者 for 填空 1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since 6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since 11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 1. has
34、 been in , five minutes 2. have been in , 2008 3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years 2. have been back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years 2. has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been aw
35、ay from 3. has been dead , seven years 4. has been over 5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 1995 2. has been on , two minutes 1. have kept , last week 2. have had , two hours 3. have known , last years 4. have worn , three years has been in has been , Lea
36、gue member has been , member of , League has been in 2. has been , soldier , two years has been , the army 四、划线提问 1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here 3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy 五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where has Li Fei gone? B: He has gone to H
37、ainan Island. A: How long has he been there? B: He has been there for three days. A: When will he come back, do you know? B: I m afraid he wont come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I have never been there. A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place? B: He
38、 has been there only once. 六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。 1. has gone t 2. went to 3. has been in 4. have , been in 5. have been in 6. Have , been to ; have been 7. have been in / at 8. has gone to 9. did go ; went 10. go ; have been 11. are , going ; am going 12. goes 13. D
39、id , go 14. Do , go 七、综合练习 : 1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already 八. 用适当的时态填空： 1. lived / has been living 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed ; left 5. has lost ; have , seen 6. Have , found 7. have , had 8. have , returned 9. Have , built 10. haven t finished 11. has read 12. bought 13. lost 14. have been reading / has read