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1、It 的用法（专项总结及训练） 一、人称代词 1，it 的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复: They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 2.，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子): Is this your dog ？No, it isn t. They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder 3.，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景: I hate it when people talk with a full mouth. 二、.非人称代词 1.it 有时并
2、不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等： .指天气： It is a lovely day, isn t it? .指时间 : It was nearly midnight when she came back. . 指日期 :It is April First today. . 指距离 :It is some 3000 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou. . 指价值 :It is three dollars. . 指温度 :Today it is 30 degrees centigrade. 三、其他用法 1.在句子的主语
3、不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事： Who is it there? Its I (me/you/he.). I thought it was Mary, but it was not she. Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 2. it 用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思 The last trains gone. Come on, well foot it.( 来，咱们步行吧。) 3. 泛泛的指某件事：(有时泛指一般情况) It doesn t matter. It is a shame, isn t it? How is it go
4、ing?( 情况怎样 ) It says in the newspaper that 四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语： 1.作形式主语替代主语从句 It is clear ( obvious， true ， possible， certain) that 从句常译为清楚的（显 然的，真的，可能的,肯定的 ） It is very clear that he s round and tall like a tree. = That he s round and tall like a tree is very clear. It is said (reported/ le
5、arned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that 从句常译 为据说（据报道，据悉 ）。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. It is important ( necessary， right ， strange ， natural.) that 从句常译为是重要 的 (必要的 ,对的 ,奇怪的 ,自然的 ).that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形）
6、 ， should 可以省去， 建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded. ) that 从句 .that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形）， should 可以省；常译为据建议；有命 令 ） It is suggested that the m
7、eeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that从句 (虚拟语气 :动词用过去时did) It is time that children went to bed. It is time you bought a new car. It is (high ) time you made up your mind. It is the first ( second . ) time
8、that从句 (从句用现在完成时have done ) It was the first ( second . ) time that从句 (从句用过去完成时had done ) 常译为是第一（二） 次 。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/. ) that从句 . that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形） ，sho
9、uld 可省去表示出乎意料， 常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班 上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ It happens (seems ， looks， appears ) that 从句 .常译为“碰巧 ,似乎是 ,看起来” It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It s
10、eems that he will be back in a few days. 看来 2.作形式主语替代不定式 . It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 不定式的逻辑主语是由of 引起，主句中的形容词必须是 能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。常见的词有： bad ，brave ，careless，clever ， cruel ， foolish ，good （好心的），honest ，horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice （有教养的） ， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ，
11、 wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 如 :It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. .不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引起，主句中的形容词通 常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。常见的形容词有： important， necessary ， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult
12、 ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant 如:It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. It takes sb. . to do sth. 常译为做 要花费某人 。 如 :It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 3.作形式主语替代动名词短语 It is no good / no use
13、 / useless doing sth. 常译为“ 有好处或没有用” It is no good learning English without speaking English. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock. 五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。 We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel； 如: We think it our d
14、uty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers. 六、 .it 的重要句型 1.强调句型 : It is/was + 被强调部分+ that 从句(被强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 wh
15、o 换用 ) It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was yesterday that I met her in the street. It is you that /who are wrong. 特例 :It is not until + 被强调部分
16、+ that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语， 译成汉语直到 才 ，可以说是not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she too
17、k off her dark glasses. Choose the best answer 1.It took us over an hour _ along the street. A.walk B.to walk C.walking D.walked 2.I think it a great honour _to visit your country. A.to invite B.inviting C.having invited D.to be invited 3.Many people now make _a rule to buy cards for their friends b
18、efore Christmas. A.themselves B.it C.that D.this 4._is very clear to everyone that hes round and tall like a tree. A.This B.What C.That D.It 5.In the United States, bus travel doesnt cost much as train travel, _? A.dont they B.does it C.do they D.doesnt it 6.Someone is at the door, who is _? A.this
19、B.that C.it D.he 7.It is raining cats and dogs. _ . A.So it is B.So is it C.Neither it isD.Neither is it 8.My home is in that tall building over there. _ ? A.Can it see B.Can see it C.Can be seen it D.Can it be seen 9. _ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping. A.It is B.It was C.It has been D.It
20、had been 10.Has the boy got his bicycle now? Yes, the police gave _. A.him to him B.it to it C.it to himD.him to it 11.Its no use _over spilt milk. A.cry B.cryingC.that you cry D.for you to cry 12.It is important _ their offer. A.reject B.rejects C.to reject D.rejecting 13.Has _been decided when we
21、are to hold the sports-meeting? A.that B.this C.it D.what 14.Did Li Lei call me while I was out? Yes, it was _ that called you. A.him B.he C.who D.whom 15.Nothing is wrong with the radio _? A.isnt it B.is that C.is it D.isnt that 16.I dont know _makes her afraid of having her business discussed. A.w
22、hat it is about Mary that B.that is it abut Mary what C.what is it about Mary that D.that is about Mary what 17. .It was with great joy _he received the news that his long lost son would return home A.as B.that C.so D.for 18.I dont think _difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language
23、within five years A.that B.it C.too D.very 19.Its the second time you _late this week. A.arrive B.arrived C.have arrived D.had arrived 20.It will not be_we meet again. A.long before B.before long C.soon afterD.shortly after 21.Its demanded that we _there on foot. A.not to goB.dont goC.not goD.wont g
24、o 22.“ It” is often used to _a baby. A.mean to B.stick toC.point to D.refer to 23.It was not until 1936 _basketball became a regular part of the Olympic Games. A.that B.when C.which D.then 24._you met the Englishman? A.Where it was that B.Who it was that C.Where was it that D.Where was that 25._that
25、 she has gone to the United States? A.Was it true B.Is it true C.It is trueD.It was true 26._certain that his invention will lead to the development of production. A.Thats B.This is C.Its D.Whats 27._in 1914 _the First World War broke out? A.Was that, that B.Was that, when C.Was it. that D.Was it, w
26、hen 28.It is important that she _with Mr Williams immediately. A.speak B.spoke C.will speak D.to speak 29._that theres another good harvest this year. A.It says B.It is said D.It was said D.He was said 30.It is the first time _the play. A.Ive watched B.Ill watch C.I watch D.I would watch 参考答案 B 1.B
27、2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B15 C 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.B 26.C 27.C 28.A29.B 30.A it 用法完全归纳 一、 it 作人称代词的用法 1. 指事物 作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如： I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。 It s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。 “Where is the
28、 dog?” “It s in the bedroom. ” “ 狗在哪 ?”“在卧室里 ” 。 2. 指人 it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如： Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩? There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。 【说明】 在答语中，常用来指本人，如说It s me。 3. 代替某些代词 代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词something, anything, nothin g 等。如： “What
29、 s this?” “It s a new machine. ” “ 这是什么 ?”“是一种新机器 ” 。 Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗? 二、 it 作非人称代词的用法 1. 基本用法 it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、 天气、 气候及温度等自然现象。 如： It s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。 It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。 It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。 2. 用于某些句型 It s time fo
30、r sth. 该做某事了。 It s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。 It s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。 It s (about / high) time + that-从句 . 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“ s hould+动词原形 ” ) It s first (second) time + that-从句 . 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时) It s + 时间段+ since-从句 . 自从 有一段时间了。 It s + 时间段+ before-从句 . 过多长的时间才 三、 it 用作形式主语 1.
31、 基本用法 当不定式、 动名词、 从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的 主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。如： It s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。 It s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。 It s unknown when he will come. 他什么时候来还不知道。 2. 用作形式主语的的重要句型 (1) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事 It is hard for him to make up h
32、is mind. 他很难下定决心。 It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。 【说明】 介词 of 与 for 的区别是： of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for 表 示对象，意为 “ 对 来说 ”(from ) 。 (2) It takes sb + 时间段+ to do sth. 某人做某事花了 时间 It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。 【说明】 此句型可以有以下多变种变体：It took me an hour to writ
33、e the letter. =The le tter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小 时。 3) It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事 It s up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。 (4) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that as if 似乎 It seemed as though he didn t recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。
34、It happened that I was out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。 (5) If it were not for / If it hadn t been for 若不是因为 If it were not for their help, we couldn t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮 助，这些困难我们不克服不了的。 四、 it 用作形式宾语 1. 基本用法 当不定式、 动名词、 从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语 补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“
35、动词 +it+宾语补足语 +不 定式 (动名词或从句)” 。如： I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。 I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。 We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。 2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构 (1) 动词 + it + that-从句。如： I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。 I take it (that) he will come on time.
36、 我认为他会准时来的。 You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。 Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞 职。 【说明】 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have, take, put, like 等。 (2) 动词 + it + when (if)- 从句。如： I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。(from ) We really appreciate it when she
37、 offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 I d prefer it if I didn t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好 了。 【说明】 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。 (3) 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如： See to it that you re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。 Look to it that this doesn t happen aga
38、in. 注意不要再发生这种事。 You may rely on it that he ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。 I can t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。(from ) 【说明】 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。 (4) 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that-从句。如： I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。
39、 I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。 【说明】 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb s attenti on, owe it to sb 等。 高考语法 It 用法小结 来源：天星更新日期： 2007-11-11 点击：9107 It 用法小结虽不是高考的热点，但这两年全国各省市试题经常出现。我们不能疏忽。下 面是用法20 条。并通过高考试题进行巩固： 1.It is+ 被强调部分 +that 该句型是强调句型，将被强调的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，
40、强调的主语如果是人， 可以用来替换， 如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子，这也是判断强调 句型与其他从句的方法。 It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was with great joy _he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福 建) A. because B. which C. since D. that (D)
41、2. It is not until +被强调的部分+ that 该句型译成汉语“ 直到 才” ，可以说是的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
42、 It was _back home after the experiment. (2004 湖北 ) A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn t go (C) 3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that . 该句型中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“ 清楚（显然、真 的、
43、肯定） ” 是主语从句最常见的结构。 It is very clear that he s round and tall like a tree. =That he s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural) that 该句型和上一句同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语 气（ should+动词原形） should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (shou
44、ld) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned) that 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“ 据说 （据报道，据悉 ） It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 6. It is suggested
45、 (ordered ) that 该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）。可以省略，常译为“ 据建议；有命令” It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity (a shame ) that 在该句型中， that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）， should 可以省去，表 示出
46、乎意料，常译为“ 竟然 ” 。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。 It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 8. It is time (about time, high time) that 该句型中 that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时 也用 should+动词原形， should 不能省。常译为“ 是（正是） 的时候 ” It is time that ch
47、ildren should go to bed. =It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first (second, )time that 该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。 至于用哪种 完成时态， 由主句的谓语动词的时态来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句用现在完成时态；如 果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去； it 有时用 this 替换，常 译为 “ 是第一（二 ,）次 ” 。 10. It is since 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间
48、状语连用。主句中是 时间作表语， 其时态是现在时和完成时，引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。 如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is (has been) 5 years since his father died. It is almost five years _we saw each other last time. (2005 北京 ) A. before B. since C. after D. when(B) 11. It is when 该句型中的when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it 指时间，表语由具体的时间 充当。常译为 “ 当 的时候，是 ” It was 5 o clock when he came here.