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1、第 1 页 初高中衔接英语学案 单元音： i: he she me we tea eat meat see tree see receive key police policeman machine people piece field believe thief ? : cabbage begin English pretty cinema monkey big city very sorry busy build building e: any many anyone said says pen bed egg desk bread breakfast bury ?: bag am and
2、 at sad : cl ass banana father after half car far park arm star laugh heart : come none love other blood flood touch enough young bus sun but cut up ?:learn earth early heard her term first girl bird sir third word world nurse turn hurt journal ?:along China student different today welcome police fa
3、ther mother doctor delicious previous surprise colour picture u: do to who too zoo food pool boot school group through blue glue fruit juice shoe ?: woman wolf book look good foot could would should put push ?:want wash watch what hot not sorry cough Australia ?: water ball call fall hall mall small
4、 tall wall warm quarter August daughter law door floor more before short sport bought brought thought four your blackboard story 双元音： a? :time like nice fine five my by why sign high light right die lie tie e? : name cake game face wait: day may okay play today eight eighteen eighty they great break
5、 ? : serious real really idea here ear dear hear near clear beer deer pioneer ?: go no nose home show know yellow window goat boat shoulder though ?:sure poor tour a?: out about house how now cow e?: air hair chair care parent wear bear there where their ? : oil toilet boil soil boy toy employ 辅音 /p
6、/ pig pet cap park apple happy /b/ big bag book rabbit cabbage /t/ it cat fat table matter 第 2 页 d dog red bed head smiled opened played /k/ cap cook cup cake cook week desk cock sock clock /g/ bag get gas egg f four five fish phone photo elephant laugh v video vase love violin three third teeth mou
7、th e this that those father mother brother clothes s sea sit star face ice nice rice grass glass class z zoo vase zero bags photos sisters nose rose sugar sure she fish ship cash shop 3 measure pleasure t teacher peach cherry chair watch match d3 age page magic job jam jump cage orange cabbage ts ca
8、ts pets eats gates dates tastes dz seeds woods friends rides tr tree true truck train dr dry dragon drink h her head heart hair who whose r rice room ride road mirror carrot parrot write wrong wrap m moon money monkey n nose net nut rain train knee knife knock l look light lock lucky tell ball pull
9、bank tank finger sing song king reading w winter window watch water white where which when why j you your yes yard 句子成分讲解 一、主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语一般位于句首，但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时） 和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词和情态动词后面。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 During the 1990s, American country music has become more a
10、nd more popular. Professor Zhang is a famous scientist. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have a test has not been decided yet. It is dangerous
11、 playing with fire. It is a pity that he won t attend the meeting. 二、宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。 They went to see a film yesterday. He is going to buy an English dictionary. We should learn from the brave boy. 第 3 页 They helped the disabled with their housework yesterday. He pretended
12、not to see me. She didn t know what to do next. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think (that) he is fit for the work. （三）宾语的种类 1. 直接宾语 直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。 Lend me your dictionary, please. Excuse me , please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station? 2. 间接宾语 间接宾语表示动作所向的或所为的人或物，通常指认。间接宾
13、语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可位于直接宾 语之后，但此时在它的前面须加介词to。 The company sent us lots of money last year. He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday. 3. 复合宾语 有些动词除了接宾语外，还需要一个词来说明宾语的身份或状态，以补充其意义的不足，这样的词或短语 叫做宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语一起组成复合宾语，它们在逻辑上有主谓关系。如果直接宾语是不定 式、动名词或从句，常用做it 形式主语。 They elected him their monitor. I found the man alw
14、ays happy. The next day he found himself in the hospital when he woke. I often ask him to help me with my English. I find it easy to answer this question. 4. 介词宾语 位于介词后面的宾语称作介词宾语。 In our school about three-fourths of the students are from the north. 三、表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态， 它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get
15、, look, grow, turn, seem 等） 之后 .表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 My teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? That s all (that) I want to tell you. The weather has become cold. Singapore is the most beautiful country that I have visited. The film is moving. The teacher is pleased w
16、ith my spoken English. His job is to teach English. Their plan is to finish the task within 3 days. His hobby is playing football. My wish is studying law in a world famous college. The machine must be out of order. He is against our suggestion. My father isn t in. He is out. The truth is that he ha
17、s never been abroad. What I want to know is when we will hold the sports meeting. 句子成分：定语、状语、补语 1.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词） 第 4 页 We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （形容词） The man over there is my
18、old friend.( 副词 ) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( 介词 ) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an good idea to share with you.（不定式） You should do everything that I told you. （定语从句） Practice: 挑出下列句中的定语 Guilin i
19、s a beautiful city. Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher? This is the bridge built last year. There are sixty women teacher in our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Who is the girl in red? I can t go with you. I still have a lot of work to do. He is reading a book on
20、how to learn English well. I will remember the day that we spent together. 2 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 I will go there tomorrow. ( 名词作状语表时间) The meeting will be held in the meeting room. 。 （介词短语作状语表地点） The meat went bad because of the hot weather.（介词短语作状语表原因） He stud
21、ies hard to learn English well. （不定式作状语表目的） He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.（从句作状语表结果） I like some of you very much.。 （副词作状语表程度） If you study hard, you will pass the exam. （从句作状语条件） He goes to school by bike. （介词短语作状语表方式） Though he is young, he can do it well。 （从句作状语让步） Not knowing
22、 what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice.（分词作状语表原因） Practice: 挑出下列句中的状语 Light travels more quikly. Last night he heard the noise upstairs. When he decided to go to bed last night, he heard the noise upstairs We are in classroom studying English. we are studying English in our new classr
23、oom. Last night she didn t go to the dance party because of the rain. Last night she didn t go to the dance party because it rained heavily She put the eggs into the basket wth great care(小心） . He made much progressby this means. He came in with a dictionary in his hand. In order to catch up with ot
24、hers, I must work hard. He is so good a teacher that the students love and respect hin. No matter when you come , you are warmly welcome. 3. 宾补： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及 第 5 页 物动词有make(使)，consider（认为） cause （引起） see （看见），find( 发现 ) call（称作），get ,let, have(使、 让 )，其表现形式如下： We con
25、sider him a good leader. （名词）Nobody noticed him enter the room （省 to 不定式） I saw her entering the classroom. （现在分词）They found Jinan greatly changed.( 过去分词 ) let the fresh air in. （介词短语）They thought it right to do the test first. （形容词） We think it our duty to make our classroom clean. （名词） I advise hi
26、m to stop smoking. （带 to 不定式）Please advise me which to choose. （不定式复合结构） You mustnt force others to do anything.（不定式） Practice: 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 We elected him monitor. We all think it a pity that she didn t come here. We will make them happy. We found nobody in. Please make yourself at home. Dont let h
27、im do that. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. Dont keep the lights burning. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? Ill have my bike repaired. 动词及谓语 动词的定义及分类： 动词是表示动作和状态的词，如buy, see等。动词根据其意义与句法功能可分为行为动词（又称实义动词， 包括及物动词和不及物动词），连系动词，助动词和情态动词等多种类别。在某些情况下，一个动
28、词可以属 于不同类别，如get一词，既可以作行为动词业可充当连系动词。 类别特点意义举例 实义动词 (vt. vi.) 及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整 的意思 I have a book. She watched the boxing match on TV last night. 不及物动词不能 直接接宾语 能独立作谓语 She always comes late. The experiment failed. 系动词 (link-v) 跟表语不能独立做谓语， 跟表语构成 完整意思 . 常 见 的 有 ： be, look, get, become, turn I am a stud
29、ent. Mark was a poor worker. The twins look the same. 助动词 (aux. v.) 跟动词原形或分 词 （无词汇意义） 不能独立做谓语， 跟主要动词 构成谓语， 表示疑问， 否定及 各种时态. 常见的有：be、 have、 do、will、shall 等 He doesnt speak Chinese.(否定 ) I am watching TV .（进行式） Why do you need friends? I have never heard of it before. 第 6 页 情态动词 (mod. v.) 跟动词原形（有 自 己 的
30、 词 汇 意 思） 不能独立做谓语。 表示说话人 语气、情态，无人称和数的变 化。常见的有： can/could/may/might /must/need/have to/ought to/will/would/shall/should We can do it by ourselves. That would be better. The work must be finished as soon as possible. A situation like this may occur from time to time. 英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则: 英语动词有五种基本形式。它们是动
31、词原形、第三人称单数现在时（简称单三）、过去式、过去分词和现在 分词。这五种形式和助动词一起构成英语的各种时态和语态等。 原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词 work works worked worked working write writes wrote written writing have has had had having do does did done doing 谓语 谓语的定义： 谓语一般放在主语之后，用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语通常由动词或动词短语来充 当，具有各种时态，语态和语气的变化，前面还可以加上情态动词或助动词等。如： He practi
32、ses running every morning. I expect you to take me. Yesterday afternoon he reached Beijing. She takes care of he sick mother. He has got rid of his bad habit. You may keep the book for two week. Youd better not take the magazine out of the reading-room. He has to go to see a doctor. She doesn t seem
33、 to like dancing. We are going to call on him tonight. We are students. He looked a bit excited. 同位语 一般做主语或是宾语的同位语，句子的主干已经完整，同位语作为一个插入成份作补充说明之用。一般同 位语成份可分为前位同位语和后位同位语，即同位语分别在主词的前面和后面。另外也有that 引导的同位 从句。 They all like swimming. Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player. 练习： 1. At last, w
34、e reached our destination, Hamburg. 我们最终到达了目的地汉堡。He gave his wife Jones a wonderful watch。 3. All the things have two faces, a light one and a dark one. 一切事物都有两个方面：光明的一面和黑暗的一面。 5. Some animals, as foxes and squirrels live in woods. 有些动物，如狐狸和松鼠，栖息在森林里。The question how to answer his letter annoyed me.
35、 句子成分及基本句型 句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 表语（predicative） 宾语（object） 、 定语（ attribute ） 状语 (adverbial) 补语（ complement）, 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。 第 7 页 一： （主谓）二： （主系表） 三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾） 五： （主谓宾宾补） 练习I 判断下面的句子是哪种句型 1. They found the house deserted. 2 What could make her ha
36、ppy? 3. I told her a very funny story. 4 She couldn t help laughing. 5 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 6 The sun rose behind me and beyond the rocks. 7 Every evening my mother looks through magazines at home. 8 The themes of the story are to do
37、 with children growing up. 9 Everyone agrees we must be careful about the environment. 10 It s wasteful to throw away glass, paper and metal. 11 Jamie persuaded them to try his cooking. 12 Do you intend to stay in China for long? 13 For the next 10 days ,every time there was a sudden noise, my blood went cold. 14 .Professor Stevenson explained to the students that the milu deer had been very common in China a long time ago. 15 .Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world. 16 Doing that would be playing with fire.