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1、. Word 文档资料 UNIT 1 给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewetage engineering 市政工程civil engineering 市政工程师civil engineer 环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology 水力学hydranlies 水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed 水体waterbody 地表水surface water 新鲜水freshwater 地下水groundwater 含水层aquifer 天然含水层natural aqu
2、ifer 地下含水层underground aquifer 水文循环natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤infiltration 降水precipitation 渗入precolation 蒸发evaporation 蒸腾transpiration 城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source 水资源water resource 取水water withdrawal 水处理water treatment 配水water distribution 用水water use 污水wastewater 废水abwasser 废水收集waste
3、water collection 废水处理wastewater disposal 受纳水体receiving waters 污染pollution pollute 污染物pollntant 玷污、污染contamination 致污物contaminant 未污染uncontaminated 水污染water pollution 水污染控制water pollution control 水污染防治water pollution prevention 污水回用wastewater reuse UNIT 2 水短缺water scarcity 地表水资源surface water resource
4、 管网Pipe Network 供水系统water supply system 市政配水系统municipal distribution system 建筑给水系统house water supply system 分区供水系统dual distribution system 小区micro district 小社区small community 冷水供水系统cold water supply system 热水供水系统hot water supply system 消防系统fire protection system 喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system
5、自动水幕系统automatic drencher system 半自动水幕系统 semi automatic drencher system 消火栓hydrant 排水系统drainage system 生活排水系统sanitary system 工业排水系统industrial system 雨水排水系统stormwater system 合流制combined sewers 分流制separate sewers 建筑排水系统building drainage system 卫生洁具plumbing fixtures 卫浴设备bathroom fixtures 输水系统water trans
6、mission system 漏水率leakage rate 配水系统water distribution system 环状管网grid system 支状管网branching system 下水管道sanitary sewer 污水节流管intercepting sewer 污水节流系统intercepting sewer system 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell 支管collection sewer collector sewer 生活污水sanitary sewage domestic sewage domestic wastewater 工业污水in
7、dustrial wastewater 工业污水 /液/物industrial wastes 农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水rainwater stormwater 水位waterlevel 海拔、标高elevation . Word 文档资料 坡度grade 倾斜度slope 明渠Open channel 开挖excavation 深度excavation depth 水力分析hydraulic analysis 水头pressure head 总水头total head Unit 3 水头损失Head loss 速度头动压头Velocity he
8、ad 静压Static head 摩擦水头Friction head 水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 重力流Gravity flow 水塔Water castle 贮水箱Cistern 泵站Pump station 给水泵站Water pump station 污水泵站Sewage station 提升泵站Lift pumping plant 增压泵Booster pump 离心泵Centrifugal pump 潜水泵Submer sible pump 潜水艇Submerine 深井泵Well pump 虹吸虹吸管Siphon 人孔Manhole 法兰Flange 阀门V
9、alve 闸阀Gate valve 泵送系统Pumping system 流量Flow rate 流速Fluid velocity 层流Laminar flow 滞流 粘性流viscous flow 过渡流Transitional flow 湍流Turbulent flow 紊流Turbulence flow 涡流Eddying flow 雷诺数Teynolds number 水质Water guality 水源Water sources 供水水源Water supples 原水Raw water 未处理水Untreated water 出水Finished water 原水水质Raw-wat
10、er quality 水质标准Water quality standards 水质要求Water quality requirements 饮用水Drink waterpotable water 自来水Tap water 纯水Pure water 饮用水标准Drinking water standards 饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards 最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levels maxmum allowable levels 最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels 主要污染物Primary conta
11、minants 有机化合物Organic chemicals 合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals 挥发性有机化合物Volatile organic ohemicals 无机化合物Inorganic chemical 微生物Micro organismsmicrobes 微生物污染Microbial contaminants 病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms 病原体Pathogenic 病毒Pathogenic bacterin 细菌Bacteria 大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria 病毒Viruses 藻类Algae 浊
12、度Turbidity 放射性Radionuclide 感官性状Esthetic qualities 审美Esthetic 味Taste 嗅Odo 色Colour 变色Discolouration 变色Discolor 水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality 水的物理性质Physical quality of water 浊度值Turbidity values 浊度单位Turdidity unit 浑浊单位Turdid 嗅阈值Threshold odor number 化学性质Chemical quality 水质化学参数Chemical param
13、eters of water quality 溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO) . Word 文档资料 溶解氧浓度Do level 溶解氧平衡Do balance 氧损Oxygen depletion 有机污染物Organic pollutant 生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 总氮Total nitrogen (TN) 总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS) 总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS) 溶解Dissolved (DS
14、) 总溶解Total dissolved (TDS) Unit 4 溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese 硬度Hardness 碱度Alkalinity 盐度Salinity 有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials 氰化物Cyanides 急性毒性Acute toxity 慢性毒性Chronic toxity 基因毒性Genetic toxicity 基因Gene 难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性Carcin
15、ogenic chemicals 三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes 卤素Halogen 甲基Methyl 氯仿Trichloromethane 三氯甲烷Chloroform 杀虫剂农药Pesticide 害虫Pest 杀虫剂Insecticide 除草剂Herbicide 杀菌剂Germicide 细菌Germ 防腐剂Preservative 保证Preserve 清洗剂Cleaning agent 洗涤剂Detergent 发泡剂Foaming agent 泡沫Foam 化肥Fertilizer 肥沃的Fertile 富营养化Eutrophication 营养的Trophic 营养水
16、平Trophic level 生态位Niche Unit 5 原污水Raw sewage 原废水Raw wastes 处理水Treated wastes 回用水Redaimed water 水处理过程Water processing 收集Collect 处置Dispose 处理方法Treatment method 处理费用Treatment costs 处理单元Treatment process 运行模式Operational mode 间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach 均匀均化Equalization 均匀Equalize 调蓄水池Equalization sto
17、rage 调节池Equalization tank 蓄水池Storage tank 降解Degrade 分解Decompose 分离Separate 隔离Separation 物理法Physical process 物理处理Physical treatment 物理处理过程Physical treatment process 一级处理Primary treatment 初步处理Preliminary treatment 格栅筛滤Screening 格栅Screen 格栅Bar screen 栅条Bars 钢栅条Steel bars 渣耙Cleaning rakes 圆形破碎机Circular
18、grinder 破碎Grind 除砂Degritting 砂Grit 沙Sand 除砂Grit removal 沉砂池Grit chamber 沉淀Settling 沉淀池Settling tank . Word 文档资料 澄清池Clarifier 初澄清池Primary clarifier 初沉池Primary settling tank 一级出水Primary effluent 二级处理Secondary treatment 二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process 生物处理Biological treatment 二澄清池Secondary clarifier
19、二沉池Secondary settling tank 最终澄清池Final clarifier 最终沉淀池Final settling tank 二级出水Secondary effluent 三级处理Tertiary treatment 深度处理Advanced treatment 废水消毒Waste disinfection 出流出水Effluent flow 允许浓度Allowable levels 优异出水High-quality polished effluent 废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant 污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant 二
20、级处理厂Secondary treatment plant 城市污水处理 Municipal wastewater treatment 市政工程Municipal engineering 土木工程Civil engineering 城市污水处理厂 Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水处理能力Sewage treatment capacity 电容Capacitance 污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility 处理池Treatment tank 负荷Load 负荷
21、Loadings 水力负荷Hydrautic loading 污染负荷Pollutant load 有机负荷Organic load 无机负荷Inorganic load 不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic 周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading 第五部分：物化处理 1混凝n. coagulation 混凝过程coagulation process 化学混凝chemical coagulation 凝聚n. aggregation 絮凝n. flocculation v. flocculate 异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation 同向絮
22、凝orthokinetic flocculation 混凝剂n. coagulant 混凝剂投量coagulant dosage 烧杯实验jar test 最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage 助凝剂coagulant aid 助凝剂flocculation aid 聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes 快速混合flash-mix , rapid-mix 快速混合器flash mixer , rapid mixer 混合池mixer tank 快速混合池flash-mix tank 絮凝器n. flocculator 絮凝池flocculation tank
23、 固体接触池solids-contact tank 澄清n. clarification v. clarify 澄清池n. clarifier 高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier 澄清水clarifying water 2沉淀n. sedimentation 沉降n. sedimentation 自由沉降plain settling 拥挤沉降hindered settling 重力沉降gravity settling 沉淀池settling tank 沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank 矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank 圆形沉淀池ci
24、rcular settling tank 管式沉淀池tube settler 斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler 板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler 板式沉淀池plate separator 气浮n. floatation 泡沫分离foam separation 溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation 气浮池floatation tank 表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device . Word 文档资料 撇去v. skim 浮渣n. scum 浮渣槽scum trough 刮泥机sludge scrape
25、r 排泥sludge drawoff sludge withdrawal 预沉淀n. presedimentation 预沉淀池presedimentation basin 3过滤n. filtration 滤池n. filter 慢滤池slow filter 快滤池rapid filter 高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter 慢砂滤池slow sand filter 快砂滤池rapid sand filter 重力滤池gravity filter 压力滤池pressure filter 过滤介质，滤料filter medium 石英砂silica
26、sand 无烟煤n. anthracite 硅藻土diatomaceous earth 煤砂滤床coal-sand beds 多层滤料multilayered media 混合滤料mixed media 双层滤料滤池dual media filter 双层滤池two-layer filter 粗滤料coarse media 细滤料fine media 助滤剂filter aid 滤后水，滤出水filtered water 滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent 滤前水，滤池进水filter influent 浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough 过滤周期filter c
27、ycle 清洗周期cleaning cycle 刮砂法scraping method 表面刮砂surface scraping 反冲洗backwashing 水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing 水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash 水力分级hydraulic grading 4消毒n. disinfection v. disinfect 消毒剂n. disinfectant disinfection agent 杀菌剂n. germicide 消毒过程disinfection process 消毒副产物disinfection by-products 氯化n. ch
28、lorination v. chlorinate 氯化水chlorinated water 预氯化n. prechlorination 氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination 化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants 液氯liquid chlorine , liquefied chlorine 氯胺n. chloramines 次氯酸盐hypochlorites 次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite 二氧化氯chlorine dioxide 臭氧n. ozone 臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozonation 臭氧化v. ozonate 紫外线(
29、UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV) 伽马射线gamma radiation 灭活n. inactivation v. inactivate 接触时间contact time 需氯量chlorine demand 加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage , applied chlorine 自由氯，游离氯free chlorine , free available chlorine 化合氯combined chlorine 剩余保护residual protection 余氯residual chlorine 余氯量chlorine residual 自由余氯fr
30、ee residual chlorine 自由氯余量free chlorine residual 化合余氯combined residual chlorine 化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals 折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination 折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve 折点加氯量breakpoint dosage 氯折点chlorine breakpoint 压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder 臭氧发生器ozone generator . Word 文档资料 需臭氧量ozone de
31、mand 剩余臭氧量ozone residual 剩余臭氧residual ozone 致病微生物，病源微生物 pathogenic microorganisms 病原体n. pathogens 致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses 细菌n. bacteria 大肠杆菌coliform bacteria 阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts 孢子，芽孢n. spores 病毒n. viruses 藻类n. algae 原生动物n. protozoa 5氧化n. oxidation 还原n. reduction 氧化剂n. oxidant 强氧化剂stron
32、g oxidizing agent 高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化技术(AOT) advanced oxidation technology 6吸附n. adsorption 活性炭(AC) activated carbon 粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon 粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon 颗粒活性炭 (GAC)
33、granular activated carbon 活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber 再生n. regeneration v. regenerate 吸附剂n. adsorbent 吸附质n. adsorbate 吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column 吸附床adsorption bed 空床接触时间empty bed contact time 吸附带mass transfer zone 快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test 生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon 7离子交换n.
34、 ion exchange 离子交换树脂ion exchange resin 离子交换器ion exchanger 离子交换柱ion exchange column 硬度n. hardness 除硬hardness removal 软化n. softening v. soften 化学软化chemical softening 沉淀软化precipitation softening 除盐，脱盐n. desaltination v. desalt 去矿化n. demineralization v. demineralize 离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process
35、 离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process 复床combined bed 混合床mixed bed 8膜分离membrane separation 微滤n. microfiltration 超滤n. hyperfiltration 纳滤n. nanofiltration 反渗透reverse osmosis 渗透n. osmosis 半透膜semipermeable membrane 电渗析n. electrodialysis 渗析n. dialysis 9其它处理方法 中和n. neutralization v. neutralize 酸性废水acidic
36、wastes 化学沉淀chemical precipitation 沉淀软化precipitation softening 电解n. electrolysis 电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization 吹脱、汽提法n. stripping 冷却n. cooling 冷却水cooling water 冷却塔cooling tower 第六部分生物处理 生物反应器n. bioreactor 微生物n.microorganisms n.microbes 微生物种群microbial population . Word 文档资料 混合群落mixed communities 细菌n
37、. bacteria 原生动物n. protozoa 真菌n. fungi 轮虫n. rotifers 生长n. growth 繁殖n. reproduction 世代时间generation time 生长速率growth rates 环境因子environmental factors 生态因子ecological factors 微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics 1.迟滞期lag phase 2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase 3.减速生长期decling growth phase 稳定期stationary phase 4.
38、源呼吸阶段endogenous stage 源生长期endogenous growth phase 源呼吸endogenous respiration 底物，基质n. substrate 底物（基质）利用substrate utilization 生物量n. biomass 生物反应biological reaction 生物氧化biological oxidation 生物降解n. biodegradation 生物降解性n. biodegradability 生物可降解的，可生物降解的a. biodegradable 不可生物降解的a. nonbiodegradable 生物处理biolo
39、gical treatment 废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment 废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment system 污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment system 生物处理法biological treatment process 生物处理装置biological treatment unit 串联in series 悬 浮 生 长 处 理 法suspended-growth treatment processes 生物固体biological solids 活性污泥ac
40、tivated sludge 附 着 生 长 处 理 法attached-growth treatment processes 附着的微生物attached microbes 微生物附着生长attached microbial growth 生物膜n. biofilm 代谢n. metabolism v. metabolize 稳定，稳定化n. stabilization v. stabilize 生物代谢biological metabolism 微生物代谢microbial metabolism 好氧的a. aerobic 好氧菌aerobic bacteria 好氧微生物aerobic
41、microorganisms 好氧氧化aerobic oxidation 厌氧的a. anaerobic 厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria 厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation 兼性的a. facultative 兼性菌facultative bacteria 好氧环境aerobic environment 厌氧环境anaerobic environment 营养物n. nutrients 无机营养物inorganic nutrients 营养物去除nutrient removal 营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal 脱氮除磷nitroge
42、n and phosphorus removal 生物硝化biological nitrification 硝化菌nitrifying bacteria 生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification 生物除磷biological phosphorus removal 1活性污泥法activated sludge process 微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes 细菌n. bacteria 生物絮体biological floc 微生物絮体microbial floc 活性污泥activated sludge 絮状活性污泥floccul
43、ate-bacterial sludge 回流活性污泥(RAS) returned activated sludge 回流污泥returned sludge 回流污泥recycled sludge 剩余污泥excess sludge 废活性污泥(WAS) waste activated sludge 废污泥waste sludge 曝气池aeration tank 曝气池aeration basin . Word 文档资料 曝气池aeration chamber 完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin 活性污泥池activated sludge tank
44、曝气n. aeration 混合n. mixing 曝气系统aeration system 曝气器n. aerator 压缩空气compressed air 空气压缩机，空压机air compressor 鼓风机，风机n. blower 循环 /切换n. cycling/switchover 扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser 空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser 鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser 微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser 扩散板plate diffuser 扩散管tube diffuser 扩散罩dome
45、 diffuser 微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration 微气泡fine-bubble 大气泡coarse-bubble 静态混合器static mixer 机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems 机械曝气mechanical aeration 表面曝气surface aeration 表面曝气器surface aerator 需氧量oxygen demand 供气量air supply 氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency 可沉降固体settleable solids 挥发性固体volatile soli
46、ds 非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids 挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids 混合液mixed liquor 混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids 混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids 污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity 污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index 比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate 污泥龄sludge age 曝气
47、池容积aeration tank volume 曝气时间aeration period 曝气时间aeration time 水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time 水力负荷hydraulic loading BOD 负荷BOD loading 普 通 活 性 污 泥 法conventional activated sludge process 传 统 活 性 污 泥 法conventional activated sludge process 标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process 传统活性污泥厂conventiona
48、l activated sludge plant 阶 段 曝 气 活 性 污 泥step aeration activated sludge process 分段v. step 进水负荷influent load 分段进水step loading 渐减v. taper 渐减曝气tapered aeration 接触稳定活性污泥法 contact stabilization activated sludge process 再曝气n. reaeration 曝气沉淀再曝气 aeration-sedimentation-reaeration 完全好氧处理法 complete aerobic tre
49、atment process 高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法 high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process 延时曝气活性污泥法 extended aeration activated sludge process 延时曝气法extended aeration process 延时曝气extended aeration 氧化沟oxidation ditch 水平转刷horizontal rotor 转刷曝气rotor aeration 笼型转刷caged rotor 吸附生物降解工艺(AB 法) adsorption-biodegradation process 序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、 序批式活性污泥法(SBR 法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) process SBR法SBR process 序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor . Word 文档资料 初沉primary clarification 曝气n. aeration 二沉secondary cl