小升初英语阅读理解方面的(技巧).pdf

《小升初英语阅读理解方面的(技巧).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《小升初英语阅读理解方面的(技巧).pdf（23页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。

1、资料 . 小升初英语阅读理解方面的技巧 乐加乐英语小升初团队的冯嘉怡老师，你们也可以叫我Carrie。 从今天起，我会每周定期和大家分享关于小升初英语阅读理解方面的技 巧。欢迎大家积极回复，我也会根据大家的回馈及时更新和解答的哦。 阅读一直是英语教学的重点，近年来，注重对阅读理解能力的考核更渐渐 成为小升初的一大趋势。不久前，我看到一个PPT原则，觉得很有道理，在这 里跟大家分享一下。所谓PPT ，就是 perseverance （坚持）， practice （练习） 和 technique （技巧） 。在做阅读的时候，很多小朋友可能都会遇到单词不懂的 情况，其实单词量的大小与阅读能力是密切相

2、关的。学习英语就是一个积累的过 程。所以坚持每天学习新的单词， 复习旧的单词 是很有必要的哦。 另外，“ Practice makes perfect“。 Carrie 老师建议大家 每天花 15-20 分钟的时间 做阅读，这样有 助于培养英语语感，文感和手感。有了坚持的勇气，加上大量的练习，再结合一 些技巧，那就事半功倍啦。 小升初英语阅读题型传统的主要有两种，包括判断正误和单项选择。 另外还有两 种新的考法，即给文章中空缺部分选择相应的句子（2013 年大联盟）和填空形 式回答问题。今天，我们主要来讲一下判断正误型的阅读题 。 资料 . 资料 . 下面，我们一起来 实战一下吧！ Look

3、up into the sky. What can you see? You can see the sun. At night,you can see the moon and many many stars. The moon is nearer us than the sun.The sun is much farther. The moon looks almost as large as the sun. But the sunis really much larger. The sun is a star. It is a big ball of fire. It sendsout

4、 light. The moon is a satellite(卫星). It doesn t send out light. There isn t any air on the moon. There areno trees, grass or water on the moon. During the day it is very hot, but at nightit can be -129 。 ( )1.The moon is as large as thesun. ( )2. The sun is a big ball offire. ( )3. The moon sends ou

5、tlight. 资料 . ( )4. There aren t any trees onthe moon. ( )5. On the moon, it is very coldall the day. 解题三部曲： 第一步：浏览五个句子，理解每个句子的意思 可以得知：五个句子分别关于月亮和太阳的大小比较，太阳是火球，月亮发光， 月球上没有树木和月球温度的描述。划出关键词 moon, sun, as large as; sun, big ball of fire; moon, send out light;aren t any trees, moon; moon, cold, all the d

6、ay. 第二步：有目的地在原文中寻找相应描述的句子，详细请看答案解析。 第三步：用 火眼金睛严格比照 原文与所给句子的异同。 答案： 1. F 答案解析：原文中关于月亮与太阳大小比较的描述：“The moon looks almost aslarge as the sun.”与所给句子对比，可以发现缺了 look almost （看起来 几乎）。 所以该题错在 扩大范围 ， 看起来几乎一样大与一样大是完全不同的概念， 另外，从后面“But the sun is really much larger. ”也可以得出答案。 2.T 答案解析：原文中关于太阳是火球的描述： “ Thesun is a

7、 star. It is a big ball of fire.” it 作为代词，指代前文中The sun. 所以两句结合就是The sun is a big ball of fire. 刚好与所给句子吻合。 3. F 资料 . 答案解析：原文中关于月亮发光的描述：“ Themoon is a satellite( 卫星). It doesn t send out light. ” it 作为代词，指代前文中The moon .所以两句结合为The moon doesnt send out light. 错在正反混淆 ，刚好所给句子与原文意思相反。 4. T 答案解析：关于月球上是否存在生物

8、的描述：“There are no trees, grass or water on the moon. ” no=not any ，所以该句属于 同义转换 。 5. F 答案解析：根据关键词，找到原文中有关 moon,cold 和 all the day 的描述： “ During theday it is very hot, but at night it can be -129”所以duringthe day 与 at night 是截然不同的，所给句子中“ all the day ”扩大了范围。 好啦，说了这么多， 打铁趁热 ，下面我们就来小小测试一下吧。 阅读短文 ,判断下列句子是否

9、与短文内容相符,用 T 表示相符， F表示不符。 A fox was looking for food. He was very hungry. Then he saw a lot of nicegrapes at the top of the tree. “ How nice they are!I want to eat them. ” The fox jumped andjumped, but the tree was too high. He could not get the grapes. The fox wentaway and said. “ I don t like grape

10、s. They re not good to eat. ” () 1. The fox was playing nearthe tree. () 2. There were many grapesat the top of the tree. () 3. The fox did not like thegrapes. () 4. The fox went awaybecause (因为) the grapes were not good to eat. 资料 . 答案将在下周揭晓，小朋友们快点在回复区写上自己的答案吧。 上周留下的题目，有没有小朋友全对呢？下面我们来揭晓一下吧。 题目回顾： 阅

11、读短文 ,判断下列句子是否与短文内容相符,用 T 表示相符， F表示不符。 A fox was looking for food. He was very hungry. Then he saw a lot of nicegrapes at the top of the tree.“ How nice they are!I want to eat them.” The fox jumped andjumped, but the tree was too high. He could not get the grapes. The fox wentaway and said. “ I don t

12、 like grapes. They re not good to eat. ” () 1. The fox was playing nearthe tree. () 2. There were many grapesat the top of the tree. () 3. The fox did not like thegrapes. () 4. The fox went awaybecause ( 因为 ) the grapes were notgood to eat. 1.F 答案解析：该句子描述的是狐狸的活动，关键词是play, near the tree. 扫描一轮 可以发现，原文

13、中关于描述狐狸活动的句子是:” A fox was looking for food.”比 较之后就知道，狐狸不是在玩，而是在找吃的 ，所以错在 偷换概念 。 2.T 答案解析：该句子指树顶上有很多葡萄， 关键词是 grapes, the top of the tree. 原 资料 . 文中相应的句子是：“Then he saw a lot of nice grapes at the top of the tree。” 比较得知，两个句子表达的是同样的意思，所以正确。 3.F 答案解析： 这一道题相对会有一点难度，因为它设置了个 小陷阱 ，不知道聪明的 小朋友们有没有识破呢？如果只是扫描原文，

14、很容易会被“I don t like grapes.”这 句话混淆， 以为狐狸真的不爱吃葡萄， 狐狸这么狡猾， 他的话能不能信呢？这个 时候就需要 联系上下文 了。其实真正能表明狐狸是否喜欢葡萄的，应该是前面的 一句话，“ How nice they are! I want to eat them.”当狐狸第一眼发现葡萄的时 候，就发出了感叹，“这葡萄多好呀，我想要吃。”由此可得，狐狸是喜欢葡萄的 哦。 4.F 答案解析：这一题跟第三题很像，因为它不止需要扫描原文，对比原文，还要联 系上下文，揣摩隐藏 的意思。由上一题，我们可以知道，狐狸是喜欢吃葡萄的， 而且他有努力地去摘， 但原文还有一句很

15、关键的话， “ but the tree was too high. He could not get the grapes.”（树太高了，狐狸摘不了葡萄。）也正是因为狐 狸吃不到葡萄， 才会说葡萄不好吃， 这也就是所谓 “吃不到的葡萄是酸的” 的道理 了。因此，狐狸离开，不是真的因为葡萄不好吃，而是他吃不到。另外，” but ” 常常提示下文更重要，小朋友们以后做阅读的时候也要多加留意。 阅读一直是小升初试题中的重头戏，夸张点说，“得阅读者，得小升初。” 所以小朋友们一定要多花心思在阅读上哦。好啦，下面让我们一起进入最常考的 单项选择型阅读 的技巧分享啦。 资料 . 好啦，事不宜迟，小朋友们

16、，我们一起来实战一下吧。 There is a frog(青蛙 ). He lives in a well（井） and he never（从未） goes out of the well. He thinks the sky is as big as the mouth of thewell. One day a crow （乌鸦）comes to the well. He sees the frog and say,” Frog, let s have a talk.” Then the frog asks, ” Where are you from?”“I fly from the sk

17、y, ” the crow says.The frog feels surprised and says,” The sky is only as big asthe mouth of the well. How do you fly 资料 . from the sky? ” The crow says,“ The sky isvery big. You always stay in the well, so you don t know the world is big. ” Thefrog says,” I don t believe(相信).” But he crowsays,“ You

18、 can come out and have a look by yourself.” So the frog comes outfrom the well. He is very surprised. How big the world is! ( )1. The frog lives in . A. A gardenB. a pond(池塘 )C. a well ( )2. The frog thinks the sky is. A. very bigB. very smallC. very high ( ) 3.The crowfrom a well A. isB. isn tC. do

19、esn t ( ) 4. The frog is very surprised when he comes out from the well, because_ A. he doesn t know the world is so big B. he doesn t know he can jump high C. he doesn t know the sky is blue ( )5. The best(最好的 )Chinese title of the story is A. 青蛙和乌鸦B. 青蛙看天空C. 井底之蛙 答案： 1.C 答案解析：这一题属于 细节题 。题目问的是青蛙的住处

20、，扫描原文，找到相应的 资料 . 描述为：“ There is a frog. He lives in a well. ”所以答案是well, 井。 2.B 答案解析： 这一题属于 细节加推理题 。题目问的是青蛙眼里天空的大小，扫描原 文，定位到：“ He thinks the sky is as big as the mouth of the well.” asas （跟 一样），跟井口一样大小，根据常识推理，井口很小，那青蛙眼中的天空自然也 小，所以选 very small. 3.B 答案解析：这一题也是 细节题 ，问乌鸦来自何方。扫描原文，定位到：“ I fly from the sky

21、.”由此可知，乌鸦从天上飞来，而不是从井里来。表示来自有两种说法， 包括 be from 和 come from some places. 所以正确答案应该是The crow doesn t come from a well. 或者 The crow isn t froma well. 4.A 答案解析：这一题是 推理题 。题目问青蛙出井之后惊讶的原因。首先，小朋友们 需要找到原文中提到青蛙惊讶的地方，即：“ So the frogcomes out from the well. He is very surprised.”接着后一句则是推理的提示： “ How big the world i

22、s!” （青 蛙的感叹：这个世界真大啊！）由这个感叹句，我们可以推断，青蛙之前从未想 到过世界这么大，所以感到惊讶。 5.C 答案解析： 这一题属于 主旨大意题 中的标题选择。 做这种题， 小朋友们首先需要 理解这篇文章的中心思想。 细读原文， 我们可以知道， 文章主要讲一只在井底生 活的青蛙，一开始以为天空只有井口大小，后来在乌鸦的劝说下，爬出了井，发 现世界很大的故事。所以 文章的主角是青蛙 ，排除 A（范围太大）；而故事发生 资料 . 的地方 井也是一个关键因素 。 正是因为青蛙在井里， 才会有错误认识， 爬出井后， 青蛙才看到了真正的天空。B答案没有提到井，所以也排除了，正确答案为C。

23、 【补充】标题选择题的原则选帽原则 小朋友们，当你们选择帽子的时候，觉得什么才是最重要的呢？相信大部 分的小朋友都会说大小。对啦，只有大小合适 ，帽子才戴得进去呀。同样的，选 择文章标题的时候，也要大小合适哦，一方面，标题要能概括全文的中心思想， 另一方面，又不能范围太大，否则就没有针对性了。另外，大小合适的帽子，也 要有好看的款式和颜色才能吸引到小朋友们，对吧？所以， 选择标题的时候， 也 要尽量挑选 醒目，简洁，突出 的标题哦。 打铁趁热 ，下面我们就来小小测试一下吧。 On Christmasmorning, children like to get up early to find t

24、he presents in the stockings（长统袜）or under theChristmas trees. On Christmas Day, Mike got up at six twenty. He quickly put onthe clothes and looked for his present in the stocking. “ Wow, what a lovely toydog! I like it very much.” He said happily. Them he ran down to the groundfloor to see what s in

25、 the box. He shook （摇） the box andlistened. His sister, Nancycame to him, “ Oh, Mike, you are taking my present.” “ What? Open it and have alook! ” Then they opened the box, a pretty dress in it. Mike looked around, andhe saw another box for him under the tree. ( )1. Mike gotup at _. 资料 . A. twenty

26、tosixB. twenty past sixC. six ( )2. Thelovely dog was for _. A. NancyB. Nancy s sisterC. Nancy s brother ( )3. Thepretty dress was for _. A. MikeB. Mike s sisterC. Mike s brother ( )4. Mike got_ presents from his family. A. onlyoneB. twoC. three ( )5. What sin the box for Mike? A. a toydog.B. A skat

27、eboard.C. Sorry, I don t know. 答案将在下周揭晓，小朋友们快点在回复区写上自己的答案吧。 上周 Carrie 老师给大家分享了 单项选择型阅读理解 的解题技巧，小朋友们还记 得吗？让我们通过上次留下来的阅读题，来回顾一下吧。 题目回顾： On Christmasmorning, children like to get up early to find the presents in the stockings（长筒袜）or under the Christmastrees. On Christmas Day, Mike got up at six twenty.

28、 He quickly put on theclothes and looked for his present in the stocking. “ Wow, what a lovely toydog! I like it very much. ” He said happily. Then he ran down to the groundfloor to see what s in the box. He shook（摇）the box and listened. His sister, Nancy came to him, “ Oh,Mike, you are taking my 资料

29、 . present.” “ What? Open it and have a look! ” Then theyopened the box, a pretty dress in it. Mike looked around, and he saw anotherbox for him under the tree. ( )1. Mike got up at _. A. twenty to sixB. twenty past sixC. six ( )2. The lovely dog was for _. A. NancyB. Nancy s sisterC. Nancy s brothe

30、r ( )3. The pretty dress was for _. A. MikeB. Mike s sisterC. Mike s brother ( )4. Mike got_ presents from his family. A. only oneB. twoC. three ( )5. What s in the box for Mike? A. a toy dog.B. A skate board.C. Sorry, I don t know. 答案： 1.B 解析：这一题属于 细节题 。题目问的是迈克起床的时间，扫描原文，找到相应的 描述为： “ Mike got up at

31、 six twenty.” 也就是 6点 20分， 相同的表达为 twenty past six，所以选 B。注意不要跟 A 混淆了， twentyto six指还差 20 分到 6 点，也就 是 5 点 40 分。 2.C 资料 . 解析：这一题属于 细节加推理题 。题目问的是可爱的玩具狗是送给谁的，扫描原 文，定位到：“He quickly put on the clothes and looked for his present in thestocking. “ Wow, what a lovely toy dog! ” Mike 在他的长筒袜里找到了玩具狗， 也就是说这个狗是送给他的

32、， 而后文又提到， “ His sister，Nancy.”也就是说， Mike 是 Nancy s brother. 3.B 解析：这一题属于 细节加推理题 。扫描原文，定位到dress 出现的地方。也就是 “ Then they opened the box, apretty dress in it. ”往前看，提示答案的关键线索就 在于“ His sister, Nancycame to him, “ Oh, Mike, you are taking my present.” 由 此可知， dress 是 Nancy 的，也就是 Mike s sister。 4.B 解析：该题属于 细节

33、题 ，但并不直接显示答案，而是需要小朋友们加以总结。第 一个礼物在于“He quickly put on the clothes and looked for his present in thestocking.“第二个礼物在于” Then he ran down to the ground floorto see what s in the box.“所以在 长筒袜和盒子里都有礼物。 5.C 解析：这一道题是一个 陷阱题 。粗心的小朋友可能会选择A，因为 a toy dog 也 是 Mike 收获的一个礼物（在长筒袜里）。但要注意题目问的是Mike 的盒子里 的那份礼物是什么。原文中有关的

34、描述只有“ Mike lookedaround, and he saw another box for him under the tree.“说到Mike 找到了盒子之后就结束了，并未 提及里面的礼物是什么 。 资料 . 好了，小朋友们，有没有全对呢？现在都理解了吗？还有疑问的，可以 随时在回复上留言 哦，Carrie 老师一定会及时给大家解答的！ 这一周，就让我们一起来聊聊做阅读正确的读题习惯 吧。如何能在最短 的时间内，找到最多的信息，做对最多的题目呢？ 首先， 我们需要对抗 “五大敌人“ ， 也就是影响我们正确阅读的五大不良习惯。 这些做法都会降低阅读速度，分散小朋友们的注意力，当然，

35、有时候我们 看到后文，可能会有意识地联系一下前面的内容，但过多的回视会严重影响阅读 速度，对梳理文章思路也不利哦。 所以，培养良好的阅读习惯， 就从打败这些“小 敌人“开始吧 。 那么， 正确的阅读习惯 ，应该是怎么样的呢？ Let s see. 资料 . 下面，小朋友们快来比较一下平常的阅读习惯和今天所讲的阅读新方法吧。 请按平常习惯进行阅读： Last Sunday was a funny day. Liu Tao came to my home in the morning. We studied English together. We read some funny English

36、stories. At about ten o clock, we went to Chennan Park on foot. And we fished there. It was very interesting. We cooked lunch at about 12 o clock and it was very nice. Then we cleaned the kitchen. We watched TV after lunch. At about 4 o clock in the afternoon, we played pingpong. 资料 . 请用今天所学方法进行阅读：

37、Last Sunday/was a funny day./Liu Tao/came to my home/in the morning. /We/studied English/together./We/read some funny English stories./At about ten o clock,/we/went to Chennan Park /on foot./And we/fished there./It was/very interesting./We/cooked lunch /at about 12 o clock/and it was/very nice. Then

38、/we/cleaned the kitchen./We/watched TV/after lunch./At about 4 o clock/in the afternoon, /we/played pingpong 怎么样？小朋友们，第一次尝试有感觉到阅读速度提高了吗？如果有，那 就恭喜啦，这样以后做阅读就可以节省很多时间了；如果还没有，也不要心 急哦，好的习惯不是一天就能练成的，要时刻督促自己， 坚持用以上四种方法阅 读哦。 好啦！读完之后，让我们继续把后面的题目做完吧！ Last Sunday was a funny day. Liu Tao came to my home in the

39、 morning. We studied English together. We read some funny English stories. At about ten o clock, we went to Chennan Park on foot. And we fished there. It was very interesting. We cooked lunch at about 12 o clock and it was very nice. Then we cleaned the kitchen. We watched TV after lunch. At about 4

40、 o clock in the afternoon, we played pingpong. ()1. Mike watched TV _. 资料 . A. in the morningB. in the afternoonC. in the evening ()2. Mike and Liu Tao went fishing _. A. at homeB. in Chennan ParkC. at school ()3. They went to the park _. A. on footB. by busC. by bike ()4. This afternoon they also _

41、. A. played football. B. played basketball. C. played table tennis. ()5. Who cooked lunch? _. A. Mike.B. Mike and Liu Tao.C. Mike s mother. 答案将在下周揭晓，小朋友们快点在回复区写上自己的答案吧。 上周 Carrie 老师给大家分享了良好的阅读读题习惯，小朋友们还记得吗？经过 一周的尝试，大家有没有把 五大“小敌人” 消灭了呢？咦，到底有哪五大，是不是 有点记不住了？那我们再来回顾一下吧。 A.用手或者笔指着单词阅读B.复读，回读 C.一个单词一个单词阅读

42、 D.有声阅读E.边阅读边查字典 好啦， 速度提高了，质量有没有跟上来呢？现在我们就来揭晓一下上周的答案吧。 题目回顾： Last Sunday was a funny day. Liu Tao came to my home in the morning. We studied English together. We read some funny English stories. At about ten o clock, we went to Chennan Park on foot. And 资料 . we fished there. It was very interesting.

43、 We cooked lunch at about 12 o clock and it was very nice. Then we cleaned the kitchen. We watched TV after lunch. At about 4 o clock in the afternoon, we played pingpong. ()1.Mike watched TV _. A. in the morningB. in the afternoonC. in the evening ()2. Mike and Liu Tao went fishing _. A. at homeB.

44、in Chennan ParkC. at school ()3. They went to the park _. A. on footB. by busC. by bike ()4. This afternoon they also _. A. played football. B. played basketball. C. played table tennis. ()5. Who cooked lunch? _. A. Mike.B. Mike and Liu Tao.C. Mike s mother. 答案： 1.B 解析：该题属于 细节题 ，然而，与一般考试不同的是，它没有按照顺序

45、出题，所 以答案要在比较靠后的地方才能找到。根据答题思路， 我们先看题目， 确定关键 词 Mike，watch TV，扫描原文，找到对应句子为： “ We watched TV after lunch.” 同义转换 可得， afterlunch，午饭后，也就是in the afternoon. 2.B 资料 . 解析：该题也属于 细节题 ，需要注意地点副词there。首先，确定问题关键词为 fish.扫描原文，得到：“And we fished there. ”再联系上文，“we went to Chennan Park on foot .”找到 there 所指的地点就是 Chennan P

46、ark。 3.A 解析：该题直接在原文中即可找到答案。“ wewent to Chennan Park on foot.” 由此得知他们是走路去公园的。 4.C 解析：先看问题，可以知道该题问的是下午Mike 和 Liu Tao 所做的运动。阅读 原文，可以找到：“At about 4 o clockin the afternoon, we played pingpong.“同 义转换， pingpong 也就是乒乓球，还有一个表达为table tennis. 5.B 解析：该题问的是煮饭的人， 根据原文： “ Wecooked lunch at about 12 o clock. “其中we

47、 指代的就是 Mike 和 Liu Tao。Mike s mother 由此至终都没有在文章中 出现，所以小朋友们要注意 不要加入主观臆想 ，单纯凭借生活常识而忽略了原文 的话，就很容易掉进该题的陷阱哦。 上一周， Carrie 老师跟大家说了，边阅读边查字典是一个不好的习惯，对 吧？这样的话，有一些小朋友就不同意了，“老师，遇到了生词不是应该要立刻 查词典解决吗？“”记住啦， 小朋友们，不会的单词固然是要查的， 但不是立刻查， 否则就会影响我们的阅读效果了哦。其实啊，我们学习语言的过程， 就是一个猜 测的过程。 我们小的时候什么都不会说，不也是在不断听的基础上， 在语言环境 中猜测语义，最终

48、才开口说话的吗？ 资料 . 所以啊，阅读也是一样的，小朋友们要从小养成利用语境猜测词义 的习 惯，先把文章看完， 之后再去查词典核对， 这样才能更好地提高我们的英语阅读 能力哦。那到底怎么样才能准确有效地猜测单词的意思呢？今天Carrie 老师就给 大家分享 阅读理解猜词的六大技巧 . 资料 . 好了，小朋友们，你们都弄懂了吗？下面我们来实战一下吧。 Mid-Autumn Festival usually comes in September of October. On that day families get together to celebratethe full moon. They usually sit outside in the open air at the table. On the table there re moon cakes, fruit, peanuts, water chestnuts and so on. Adults tell the young people the story of Chang e and that of the moon cake. In China there re three maintraditional