写作高级词汇替换.doc

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1、句子的写作 文章无论长短，都是由句子组成的。要想写出漂亮的英文作文，就需使用正确无误的、符合英文文法的句子。从用途来分，句子可以分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句；从结构来分，句子可分为简单句，并列句，复合句。英文句子千变万化，但无论怎样，都离不开五种基本句型。1. 写作指导-五种基本句型（1）主语+谓语 My father smokes a lot. Some are dancing, some are singing.（2）主语+连系动词+表语She is an English teacher. The one in red shirt is my uncle.（3）主语+谓语+宾语He

2、likes learning Chinese. We all donated our pocket money.（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Mr. Wang teaches us English. I lent her my book.【注意】并不是所有得动词都能用于此句型。除以上两词外，能用于此句型的动词主要有两大类: (1) bring, give, sell, show, take, tell, throw, write buy, find, get, leave, make, save, choose等。（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补We chose him our monito

3、r.2.使用高级词汇1occur 替换 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2devote替换spend He spends all his spare time in reading. He devotes all his spare time to re

4、ading.3seek替换want / look for They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.4average 替换ordinary Im an average ( ordinary ) student.5but替换very The film we saw last night was very interesting. The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything b

5、ut boring.6seat 替换sitOn his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.7suppose 替换should He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.8appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help. We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciate

6、d.9the case替换 true I dont think it is the case ( true ).10on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. On his arrival, he began his research.11due to替换because ofHe arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12cover替换walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.13

7、contribute to替换 be helpful/usefulPlenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? Li Ming studies in a

8、school round the corner (nearby). 15come to light替换discoverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16come up with替换think of Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.17set aside替换save Som

9、e students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)18be of + n. 替换adj. The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.19refer to 替换talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.20can not but

10、 / can not help but替换have to doI could not but (had to) go home.21more often than not替换usually More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.22be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much. I am long to see you.23be caug

11、ht up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.24more than替换very Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September. Im more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 ) If there is anythin

12、g I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.25perfect (ly) 替换good/ very wellHe speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).26do sb a/the favor 替换help Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?27the other day替换a few days ago The othe

13、r day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )28in the course of替换during In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.29the majority of替换most The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at hom

14、e to going to the cinema.30consist of替换be made up of Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.31be worn out替换 be tired After five hours non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.32become of替换 happen What do think has become of (

15、happened to ) him ? 33attend to替换look after 34on condition that替换as long as35nevertheless替换however36express ones satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 37spare no efforts to do替换try ones best to do38many a 替换many39be rushed off ones feet 替换be busy in doing40meanwhile替换at the same time41get to ones fee

16、t替换stand up 42occasionally替换sometimes /once in while43for instance替换for example44seldom替换not often45wealthy替换 rich46amazing替换surprising 47as a matter of fact 替换in fact3高级句型结构 It句型 It will be + some time + before It wont be long before humans visit the Mars. It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth. It is v

17、ery important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2008年湖北卷） It is + 被强调部分 + that 1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot. 2) Those who like read

18、ing extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge. more than any other 表示最高级 Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else. 名词从句 It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全

19、国卷 ) My hometown is no longer what it used to be.（非限制性）定语从句 The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003) It was quite an experience for us both, which Ill

20、 never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷) 分词结构 I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001) Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷) Hearing th

21、is, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷） Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. with结构 A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in

22、 his left hand. 倒装句 The library is to the east of the teaching building. East of the teaching building is the library. Although we are tired, we are happy. Tired as we are, we are happy. Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷) May all your dreams come true! May our friendship las

23、t till the end of the universe.!（2007年湖南卷） 被动语态 Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002) All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 ) New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷) 巧妙的改写（1）Only 改成no one but Only Tom passed the

24、exam last week. No one but Tom passed the exam.（2）as soon as 改成No soonerthan/Hardlywhen/Immediately/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.（3）have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).（4）变换插入语的位置 However, th

25、ey suggest fees should be charged low. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002) I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned

26、 Chinese. (2004 全国卷)(5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句 Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that

27、are read all over the world.（2008年湖南卷） 其它 （1）注重句子的开头 用with复合结构开头 With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers. With his help, weve learned how to analyze and settle problems. 用非谓语动词形式开头 ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest. ）Walking towards

28、the cinema, he met a foreigner. （2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）实战训练1. 在过去的几年，北京发生了巨大的变化。2. 我很高兴地收到你2006年2月12日的来信。3. 我期待着不久收到你的来信。4. 总而言之，email在我们的日常生活中扮演着多么重要的角色啊！5. 不仅我喜爱英语，而且我酷爱音乐，尤其是古典音乐。6. 另外，我们还将邀请来自清华大学的Johnson教授为我们在图书馆的二层阅览室作关于禽流感的报告7. 我正走在去往学校的路上，突然这是我听到不远处传来“救命！救命！”8. 学校教学楼的东边矗立着一座实验楼，在那里我们

29、每天做着各种试验。 9. 有许多学生在操场上玩篮球，梦想着有朝一日成为姚明。10. 正如从图表中所展示的，我们年级百分之四十的学生课后从事体育活动。 11. 我跑到河边，脱了外衣，毫不犹豫地跳进冰冷的水里。 12. 我正要出门，突然这时天开始下雨。 13. 令我吃惊的是，这些人不顾后果，到处乱贴小广告。 14. 许多古树在这次大火中严重地破坏了。 15. 他有许多爱好，例如游泳、唱歌和滑冰。 16. 一些人随意砍伐树木，一些人猎杀飞鸟，一些人乱扔废纸，这些对我们的环境都造成了恶劣的影响。 17. 曾经一度，每天直到11点钟李明才上床睡觉，目的是为了弥补落下的功课。 18. 我一进入云雾山，就被

30、那自然的美景所打动。 19. 我将尽力节省我的零花钱，捐给贫困地区的孩子们。20.一些有效的措施必须被政府采取，让北京的天更蓝，水更清。 相关过渡语1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand,

31、 on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus5). 表示递进关系: besides, whats more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also7). 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief,

32、 to conclude附1.英语作文常用结构一）段首句 1. 任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 2. 关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说），在他们看来， Peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. Some people say that _.To them,_. 3. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题，这个问题变得

33、越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem _ which is becoming more and more serious. 4. 已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 _ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 5. 在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 _ has been playing an in

34、creasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 6. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出。很显然，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics in the /chart/ /graph，it can be seen that_ . Obviously，_，but why? （二）中间段落句

35、1. 相反，有一些人赞成，他们相信，而且，他们认为。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of _.At the same time，they say_. 2. 面临，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来。一方面，另一方面， Confronted with_，we should take a series of effective measures to_. For one thing，_For another，_ 3. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说，另外。所有这些方法肯定会。 It is high time that something

36、was done about it. For example. _.In addition. _.All these measures will certainly_. （三）结尾句 1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为 As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that _. 2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention

37、 to the problem of _.Only in this way can _in the future. 3. 随着社会的发展，。因此，迫切需要。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, _.So its urgent and necessary to _.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 4. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为更合理。

38、只有这样，我们才能 personally, I think it reasonable to_. Only in this way can you _. 5. 对我来说，我认为有必要。原因如下：第一，； 第二，；最后但同样重要的是 In my opinion, I think it necessary to_. The reasons are as follows. First _.Second _. Last but not least,_. 6. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论 From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably a

39、rrive at the conclusion that_. 附2学生易错句型结构一、There be结构 考生病句：1. There are many people like to go to the movies.2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people. 正确表达：1. There are many people who like to go to the movies.2. There are different kinds of vegetables that pe

40、ople can buy on the market. 评议与分析： 这两个例句的错误比较有普遍性，因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用there be这一最常用的句式。在这种结构中，there是引导词，没有实际意义。be在句中作谓语，有时态和数的变化。例如：1. There was no school in the village at that time.2. There are many people rushing into the cities every year.3. There are many things we can do to prevent traffic acci

41、dents.二、比较结构 考生病句：1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities. 正确表达：1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities. 下面是比较结构的一些常用的表达方法。1同级比较 In 1998 we produced as many cars

42、 as we did in the previous five years.2比较级1） Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.2） We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water. 3最高级1） This is the most interesting book Ive ever read.2） Of all his novels I like this one best.4 the morethe more结构1) The harde

43、r you work, the greater progress you will make.2) The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.5选择比较1) I prefer staying at home to going out.2) They prefer to work rather than (to) sit idly.3) He prefers to work alone.三、表达原因的结构 考生病句：1. The reason for this is because some people want to

44、earn plenty of money without working hard. 正确表达：1. The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard. 评议与分析：考生犯了一个中国学生常犯的错误，就是用because引起表语从句，because这个词不能引起表语从句，在本句中只能改用that才正确。英语中用来表达原因这一概念的结构有多种。我们可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that

45、,.等词组引出表示原因的从句。例如：1. Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel more proud than ever of our country.2. Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.3. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.4. Pollution is still a serious problem, not that we dont have the ability to solve