过去分词作表语.doc

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1、过去分词用法总结：过去分词作表语作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。过去分词做表语，跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等系动词后面，一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。含有“感到.”的意思。主语多数情况是人His father seems pleased with his resul

2、ts.He became interested in English. 某些过去分词作表语,多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主语多半是人。 这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词, 其中很多可以被very修饰. A. On hearing

3、 the good news everyone was very excited .B. We are very pleased at the news .需要注意的地方：(1) 过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异: 过去分词作表语（系表结构）表示的是一种状态或者状况，而被动语态表示的是一个动作。 The store is now closed . The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. The novel is well written . The novel is written by LuXun . (2). 多数情况下，如果主语是人，表语使用过

4、去分词, 如果主语是事或物，表语使用现在分词。但事实上，当表示主语处于某种状态中，即“感到/觉得、”，表语要使用过去分词时，所以有时主语是物时也可；而要表示主语“具有令人/使别人感到、的特征/性质”，表语使用现在分词，包括有时主语是人时也行。 He is terrifying他很吓人。（指他的长相或举动令人害怕)。He is terrified. 他很害怕。Please describe a dog that is frightened. 请描述一只惊恐的狗（狗受到了惊吓）。Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。2. get

5、 done 也可构成被动语态，在意义上接近于 be done .例如：He right hand got burnt in that big fire. 他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤了。She got murdered last year. 去年她被人谋杀了。 get done 表状态 练习：1. What an _ game ! Im really _ at it . A. excited, exciting B. exciting, excited C. excited, exciting D. exciting, exciting 2. The ground is _ with the _

6、 leaves . A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen3. We are all _ to see that _ child . A. pleasing, smiled B. pleasing, smiling C. pleased, smiling D. pleased, smilingHe got_about losing the money. A. worried B. worrying 5. There was an _ look on his face when

7、 the actress appeared. A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. Excitement6. After the heavy rain， many cars got _ in the mud. A. catch B. catching C. caught D. being caught7. When I went in， they were _ in a heated discussion. A. absorb B. Absorbed C. absorbing D. being absorbed8. What surprised me most

8、 was that the leader of that country got _ . A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be killed9. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D interestedly10. The children were all _ after they heard the _ news that they would

9、be sent to Australia international exchange students (国际交换生).A. inspired ; inspiring B. inspired; inspired C inspiring; inspired D. inspiring ; inspiring11. The _ glass cup was _ by John.A. breaking; broken B. breaking; breaking C. broken, broken D. broken; breaking12. The film was so _ that all of

10、us were _ to tears. A. moved, moving B. moving, moved C. moving, moving D. moved, moved13. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay1. A. Nobody was _ in the story he told. (interested, interesting ) B. The story he told was very_. (interested, intere

11、sting )2. A. Everybody was _ to hear the news. (excited, exciting ) B. The news is very _ indeed. (excited, exciting )3. A. The result of the test was rather_. (disappointed, disappointing ) B. He was very_at the result of the test. (disappointed, disappointing )4. A. What he said was very_ ( amused

12、, amusing )B. I was very_at the sight. ( amused, amusing ) 过去分词作定语 1. 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 单个过去分词（及物动词和不及物动词），作定语时大都放在被修饰的词语之前， 过去分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰的词语之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如：Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health. The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. Is this the

13、 book bought by the teacher? All the broken windows (=All the windows that were broken) have been repaired. In autumn there are many fallen leaves (=many leaves that have fallen) on the ground.注意: 1. 某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语. 例如: There is no time left .2. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复

14、合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？ There is noting changed here since I left this town.仿照以上例句转换下列句子1. The book which was written in 1957 tells the life of the farmers. 2. Most of the people who were invited to the conference were my old friends. Exerci

15、ses in class:1. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists . A. invited B. to invited C. being invited D. inviting 2. The computer centers , _ last year , is very popular among the students in this school . A. to use B. used C. using D. uses3. Jones and Smith came in , _by their wives.

16、 A. following B. to follow C. and followed D. followed 4. I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm. A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching5. The girl _ down by a car was dying. A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock6. The foreign guests， _ by an interpreter， came out of the hall. A

17、. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed7. The problem _ so quickly last evening will not be set again anywhere. A. having been settled B. Settle C. be settled D. settled8. The children _ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill. A. to examine B. examined C. examine D. examining9.

18、The managers will again discuss the plan _ last week. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out10. There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 2006年北京卷 A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 过去分词作宾补He cant make himself understood by us.I hea

19、rd the song sung in EnglishI wish my homework (to be) finished before five oclock. 过去分词作为宾语补足语(1) 能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类: 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌. He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡

20、变化很大.2. 表示致使意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等. Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发. He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了. Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完. 3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider， know， think等后。如： I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 I thought myself misunderstood somehow

21、 in the talk. 4. 表示爱憎?意愿的动词如want， wish， like， hate等后。 I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。 【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系. 特殊：5. with +宾语+过去分词的结构（独立主格结构）(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(2) With water heat

22、ed, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他. (5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.注意：在这一结构中,当宾语为某一身体部位,且作宾补的动词是及物动词时,身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾

23、语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。例如：（二）、作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系1. 及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时, 宾语和过去分词之间存在逻 辑上的被动关系。 I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。 He had his money stolen。2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成，不存在逻辑上的被动关系。 She found her necklace gone on her way home.在回家的路上她发现项链不见了。 He had his leg broken.3.

24、 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般不表示被动的意义,相当于表语。因此,虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系,但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。 When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.练习：1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 2. Mr.Brow

25、n was very disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired 3. In the past few years,we have had thousands of trees _ around our school. A.plant B.planted C.planting D.being planted 4. She was glad to see her child well _ care of.

26、 A.take B.to be taken C.taken D. To take 5. He found them _ at a table _ . A.sat; to play chess B.sitting; to play chess C.seated; playing chess D.seat; play the chess 8. I can make you _ what I say,but you cant make yourself _ in English. A.understand; understand B.understand; understood C.to under

27、stand; understand D.understand; to be understood 9. The girl asked him not to leave the door _ . A.to close B.closed C.to be closed D.closing 10. I have often heard theABC Song _, but I have never heard Alice _ it. A.to be sung;to sing B.being sung;sang C.sung;sing D.sang;singing 11. I have had my b

28、ike _, and Im going to have somebody _ my radio tomorrow. A.repair;to repair B.repairing;to be repaired C.repaired;repair D.to repair;repairing *过去分词作为状语1、 过去分词作状语所表示的意义(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在 被动关系。 the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the inte

29、rnational stars. (2009江西卷)A. Giving B. Having givenC. To give D. Given （2）有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；dressed in(穿着)，stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); tired of (厌烦).。由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointe

30、d等。Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do. 汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.【高考链接2】 and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. To be tried B. TiredC. Tiring D. Be

31、ing tired 【B】过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系（此时应注意人称一致） 1. Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。2. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. Reminding B. RemindedC. To remind D. Having reminded 3. Given another hour, I c

32、an also work out this problem. （given 为过去分词作 状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.) -_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. (seen 为过去 分词作状语,表被看,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是我们,因为我们应 主动看城市.) 4. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了重点：分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分

33、词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city与see之间是被动关系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we与see之间是主谓关系)二 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开. He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, h

34、e stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.三 过去分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致。如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构。如：More time given to us, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day.(2007重

35、庆卷)A. finishing B. finishedC. had finished D. were finishedSignal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语. Head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.) 四 改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成连词+过去分词结构作状

36、语. 根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词be时可省略从句主语和动词be的原则，可把状语从句变换为“连词+过去分词”结构。常用的连词有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although等：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定. I wont attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀请，否则我不去参加

37、他的生日晚会。Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.(2009湖南卷)A. being tired B. tiringC. tired D. to be tired 练习题：1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given. 2. The computer center, _ last year, is very p

38、opular among the students in this school A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 3. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 4. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too

39、 late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 5. The researcher is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 6. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. B

40、eing founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 7. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 8. Prices of daily goods_ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. bu

41、ying 9. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 10. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 11. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given