1、英文原文Data Integration Research of Coal Mine Safety ProductionSystem for Emergency Decision-makingPan Qi-dong；Zhang Rui-xin；Duan Dong-sheng；School of Resources and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083;School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Pol
2、ytechnic University, Henan, JiaoZuo, 454003.ABSTRACT: Today the serious casualties of Chinese coal mines happened frequently and caused great casualties and property losses. This situation is extremely associated with scarcity of advanced emergency management(EM) methods for emergences forecast&prec
3、aution and decision-making. Data integration of coal mine safety production (CMSP) system is the foundation of solving above problems. According to the multi-source and heterogeneous features of CMSP System, this paper analyzes several ways of data integrating, and concludes that the combination of
4、data warehouse and middleware (named data-center) can solve the problems effectively. On this basis, a meta-framework model for coal mine EM system is established, and the data integration system for coal mine emergency decision-making is designed. At last the conversion problem of heterogeneous-sou
5、rce data is analyzed.KEYWORDS: coal mine;emergency decision-making;data integration;multi-source heterogeneousI. INTRODUCTIONNowadays, the situation of CMSP is still very serious. The EM functions implement incompletely and lack of advanced EM methods are the significant causes. Relying on informati
6、on technology（IT） to solve CMSP problems, and establishing intelligent coal mine emergency decision support system, are extremely vital significance to CMSP. CMSP system is a huge system. It includes a series platforms of softwares and hardwares such as communication network system, ascension and ad
7、hesive tape transportation machine system, gas drainage system, drainage and pressing air system, power monitoring and controlling system, safety production monitoring system, and so on. It also includes command and organization system, legal rules and regulations, publicity, training, personnel and
8、 supporting materials, etc.Coal mine EM is an important segment to CMSP. It contains four processes, that is prevention and emergency preparedness, monitoring and early warning, emergency handling and rescue, restoration and reconstruction. It is a whole management process in coal mine operation. Da
9、ta integration of CMSP is a prerequisite to EM system for emergences forecast and precaution and decision-making. Due to different construction time, using dissimilar technical standard and different subordinate departments, the data of information systems in CMSP simultaneously have all characteris
10、tics of system heterogeneous, model heterogeneous and sources heterogeneous. Actually, data integration of CMSP is a typical multi-source heterogeneous data integration problem.II. MODE AND OPTION OF DATAINTEGRATIONA. Concept of Data IntegrationData integration is a process of organizing the fixed d
11、ata and heterogeneous data in different database systems, which aims to make different applications access to the shared data, and then establish more application functions. Data integration is a basic integration. It always is start of the application integration and information system integration.
12、 Fig.1 is the abstract model of data integration.Figure1. A abstract model of data integrationB. Comparison and Selection of the Ways of Data IntegrationUsually, multi-source heterogeneous data integration has two modes. One is to transplant the original data into the new database management system,
13、 which includes federated database and data warehouse regularly. Another is the middleware . And the modes of data warehouse and middleware are popular and get more applicationData warehouse utilizes metadata models to identify and catalogue these scattered and independent databases. The data source
14、s integrate into a global model after ETL (Data Extraction, Transformation and Loading) process, and then stored in the data warehouse. The data warehouse will wash those mass useless data during above process， and can be preferable used to carry on data mining and knowledge discovery through histor
15、ical data analysis. On contrast，Middleware mode use a unified data logical view, which provided by a software located between a heterogeneous database system (data layer) and the application procedures (application layer), to hide the details of bottom data. Through this way, users can regard the da
16、ta integration as a unified whole. It can provide general data interface upward to accessing the applications of integrated data. Through comparison，the later has advantage of the former on deal with the real-time data.Emergency decision data root in CMSP system, which need to know the real-time run
17、ning state, while the historical mass data also should be made in-depth study and utilizing. In order to satisfy the need of EM, this paper builds a data center(data warehouse + middleware)as data integration mode of CMSP system. The middleware provide flexible independent data extraction and data i
18、ntegration for the data warehouse. It has been proven effective to integrate the historical, real-time and heterogeneous data.III. METAMODEL STRUCTURE OF COAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMIn order to clearly reflect the relationship between CMSP and EM, and grasp the panorama of EM system, it is neces
19、sary to establish metamodel structure of coal mine EM system before EM system is established. This metamodel is the most basic model, and it gives decision-makers and system designers a global guidance and support to get decision problems navigation.The causes of coal mine accidents and disasters ar
20、e instability or loss of control of all kinds of dangerous sources. These dangerous sources always include 7 major categories of common hazards in coal mine, and also include floods, landslides and other natural factors outside. All kinds of dangerous sources are monitoring focus of CMSP, and also a
21、re data sources of EM system. Based on domain ontology and life cycle of disaster and accident, emergency decision process can be divided into three periods, namely beforehand preparation, immediate response and post-processing.During beforehand preparation period, EM system should support obtaining
22、 relevant data from all kinds of monitoring systems and production operation systems, and can research and analyze various risk factors and their development. This period includes 3 stages, that is monitoring and controlling, forecast and precaution, and emergency preparation. Monitoring and control
23、ling stage should achieve real-time monitoring data for all kinds of dangerous sources and natural environment; emergency preparation stage includes planning and allocation of emergency resources, and accumulation of comprehensive knowledge of emergency; and the preparation stage must identify the r
24、isk signal using tools of data mining, simulation technology or experts judgments.The most important goal during immediate response period is to find effective ways and means to reduce casualties and property losses, which includes 2 stages, that is accident analysis and accident handling. During ac
25、cident analysis stage, the system should provide as much information as possible for decision makers, including the occurrence of similar incidents in the past, the results of simulation, the current state and emergency preparations, and so on. During accident handling stage, the system should gener
26、ate emergency preparation plans and rescue plans intelligently, and adjust the rescue plans based on real-time trace and assessment of the development trends of accident. During this stage, the rescue situation also should be bulletined in order to avoid chaos and appease the families of trapped peo
27、ple.The last post-processing period includes restorations or reconstructions and assessments stages. Among them, the assessments include assessments of casualties, property losses, derivatives and secondary disasters caused by disasters and accidents, and also include assessments of effectiveness of
28、 EM system, EM level, emergency prevention ability, emergency response capacity, emergency sources allocation level, and emergency rescue capability and so on.IV. DATA INTEGRATION SYSTEM DESIGN FOR COAL MINE EMERGENCY DECISION-MAKINGA. Data Integration Model for Emergency Decision-makingCoal mine em
29、ergency decision-making requires not only the accurate analysis of historic data but also should reflect the changes of the real-time information. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of data warehouse and middleware, and combined with current situation of CMSP system, the data integration syst
30、em architecture based on data center is presented , including data source layer, data center layer and data application layer. As shown in Fig2.Source data layerIt mainly includes many database systems which be used in coal mine manufacture or monitoring operations. Because of different construction
31、 time, different technical standards and different subordinated management departments, these database systems are established in different database management system, typically SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, etc.EDDW: Emergency Decision-making Data Warehouse;RTM: Real-time Middleware;DSMD: Dangerous S
32、ources Monitoring Database;MOMD: Manufacturer and Operation Monitoring Database;TAD: Targeted Accidents Database;EKD: Emergency Knowledge Database ;ESD: Emergency Sources Database;Figure2. Data integration system for coal mine emergence decision-making Data center layerdata center layerThis layer is
33、 a data warehouse which adds a real-time middleware. The data integration of data warehouse is the data loaded timely from OLTP（On Line Transaction Processing）system to data warehouse. Through this way, the decision-makers can timely access to the customer information and give a correct decision. On
34、 contrast, to data center, its data storage is divided into dynamic data storage and static data storage. Dynamic data is stored in the ODS (Operational Data Store) layer, and static data is stored in data warehouse. The data warehouse face to subject-oriented, stable, integrated, asynchrony data, a
35、nd reflect the historical data. And its data load time always lag behind that of the business systems. After introducing real-time middleware, the dynamic data of the underlying data source can be in real-time loaded and update on the ODS layer directly and then stored in the data warehouse. At the
36、same time, the static data is loaded into the data warehouse through the ETL tool, so that the research and analysis requirements of decision-makers for the real-time and historical data can be met.In addition, ODS is the operational data store, the same as the data warehouse, which has the characte
37、ristics of subject-oriented and integrated, but its data have variability that means the data can be current or near to current. According to the demand for coal mine EM, we choose real-time messaging middleware to achieve synchronization business systems data through real-time freshing ODS data.Dat
38、a Application LayerThis layer views data-center as its platform. With the help of the real-time middleware, many applications systems, such as the situation analysis system, decision analysis system and the analysis and forecasting systems, etc, can be developed in this layer. And many corresponding
39、 application data are also generated in this layer.B. Conversion of the Heterogeneous Source DataThe methods of data conversion between heterogeneous data sources mainly includes several methods based on some tools, such as software, intermediate database and database component, etc. In order to ach
40、ieving the purposes of putting the data into the data center, all conversion methods must find a suitable data model and exchange norms to solve the differences of data sources caused by the different storage structure and platforms. Our system chooses XML data model, which is a good information exc
41、hange language and uses a semi-structured data model. XML data is a self-describing semi-structured data, which has advantages especially in data model and data exchange standard, and can easily realize the packaging of resources and releasing of integration. In order to achieve the data transformat
42、ion between a relational database and application programs, the key is to realize the mapping between XML and databases. There are two general mapping methods, that is template-driven mapping and model-driven mapping. In practice, considering that CMSP system comprises of numerous complex informatio
43、n systems and EM integration will involve many database table, we choose model-driven as our mapping methods, and utilize the dominant or recessive data structure of database to map into a model structure of the XML document.V. CONCLUSIONToday, the rapid development of information technology（IT）give
44、s the informationization of coal mine a good opportunity, and also provides coal mine a strong support to establish EM system to keep away various accidents and disasters. On the basis of management characteristics and its actual requirements of coal mine emergency, this paper proposes data center m
45、odel to integrate the multi-source heterogeneous data of CMSPS, then design and research the coal mine emergence management system and data integration system. It is a good reference to system integration of coal mine safety and its establishment of emergence system.REFERENCES:1 Widom J, “Research P
46、roblems in Data WareHousing”. In Proceedings of the 4th IntL Conference on Information and Knowledge Management(CIKM), November 1995；2 Xue Hui-zhong, Zhuang Xiao-qing, Dong Yi-sheng. Data Transformation in the Data Warehouse J. Modern Computer, 2003；3 Wang Yu-ming. Design of a B2B Enterprise Informa
47、tion System Based on EAIJ, Application Research of Computer, 2005；4 Xu Fang, Zhou Jun, Lu Hao,Research on Data Integration Architecture in the Early Warning Surveillance Information System J. Journal of Air Force Radar Academy, 2008；5 Wang Ni-hong, Liu Mei-ling. ODS Operational Data Store-data wareh
48、ouse new technology J. Information Technology，2004；中文译文煤矿安全生产应急决策的数据集成研究系统潘祺东;张瑞昕;段东生;中国矿业大学资源与安全工程学院（北京），北京100083;河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院，河南，焦作，454003摘要：今天的中国煤矿重大人员伤亡频繁发生，造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。这种情况是因为预测和预防灾害和决策的应急管理缺乏相关的先进应急决策方法。煤矿安全生产系统（CMSP）是解决上述问题的基础。根据多源异构系统和CMSP的特点，分析了几种方法相结合的数据，并得出结论认为，数据仓库和中间件组合（名为数据中心）可以有效
49、地解决问题。在此基础上，建立了煤矿应急决策防盗系统的元框架模型，设计出了煤矿应急决策数据集成系统。最后，对异构源数据转换问题进行了分析。关键词：煤矿；应急决策；数据集成；多源1 引言如今，煤矿安全生产系统（CMSP）的形势依然十分严重。执行功能不完全的应急决策和缺乏先进的应急决策方法是重要原因。依托信息技术（IT）来解决CMSP问题，建立智能的煤矿应急决策支持系统，对于煤矿安全生产系统（CMSP）来说具有极其重要的意义。煤矿安全生产系统（CMSP）系统是一个庞大的系统。它包括一系列软件和硬件平台如通信网络系统、提升系统、胶带输送机系统、瓦斯抽放系统、压风系统和排水系统、电力监控系统、安全生产监控系统等等。它还包括指挥和组织体系、法律法规、宣传、培训、人员和辅助材料等。煤矿应急决策是煤矿安全生产系统（CMSP）的一个重要组成部分。它包含四个过程，分别是预防和应急准备、监测和预警、应急处置和救援、恢复和重建。这些贯穿在煤矿经营管理的全过程。对于应急决策防盗系统来说CMSP数据融合是预报及防范
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