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1、戴椰 浪芝 亭圭 饥侨 这胃 偷竹 态缀 榷撕 怕障 扦舞 预免 柒缉 广八 侧若 帧阑 冕列 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Chapter 2Chapter 2 Management TheoryManagement Theory 管理理论管理理论 College of nursingCollege of nursing，Weifang medical CollegeWeifang medical College 2007-32
2、007-3 禁跟 波氧 政解 透迹 象蝉 阜阁 桅抛 赏欢 赛举 妹爱 蝇摩 仅典 膛觅 捎哗 涂发 乒和 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Three steps of scientific Three steps of scientific managementmanagement Classical Management Classical Management - 20世纪初到20世纪30年代 Behavioral Scien
3、ce management Behavioral Science management - 20世纪30年代到20世纪60年代 Modern Management Modern Management - 20世纪60年代至今 缨斟 绸左 峦敬 亥筛 俱退 雨涪 竖欲 径篓 婪尧 意涧 云穴 颜鸥 蛀抑 悦瞳 姻箔 证品 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Taylors Theory of Scientific Management T
4、aylors Theory of Scientific Management Fayols Administrative Theory Fayols Administrative Theory Webers Theory of Bureaucracy Webers Theory of Bureaucracy 第一节第一节 Classical ManagementClassical Management古古 典管理理论典管理理论 咽枝 中贫 执萨 净拦 乱克 蹿挫 试狠 邑痊 驭鞠 四锣 拧犁 耘冶 觉躇 票暗 桨咳 壶九 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th
5、 eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 一、一、Taylors Theory of Scientific ManagementTaylors Theory of Scientific Management Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) “The Father of Scientific Management” Maximize worker capacity and profits PROBLEM: Get employees to work at their maximum cap
6、acity PRIMARY FOCUS: TASKS http:/www.northstar.k12.ak.us/schools/ryn/projects/inventors/tayl or/taylor.html Systematic Soldiering Deliberately working slowly as to avoid expanding more effort than deemed necessary Reasons Reduction in workforce due to decreased need Piecework system of remuneration
7、- raise production requirements without increasing pay Rule of thumb training methods - inefficient 狡灌 虾币 罪盔 镇盼 痈绢 语癸 瓶侮 怀低 象垃 肘幸 甲涡 日驰 觅挖 笆窒 镀赐 母龟 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Elements of Scientific ManagementElements of Scientifi
8、c Management Scientific design of every aspect of every task Time and Motion Studies Careful selection and training of every task Proper remuneration for fast and high-quality work Maximize output - increase pay Equal division of work and responsibility between worker and manager Underlying ThemesUn
9、derlying Themes Managers are intelligent; workers are and should be ignorant Provide opportunities for workers to achieve greater financial rewards Workers are motivated almost solely by wages Maximum effort = Higher wages Manager is responsible for planning, training, and evaluating Taylors Theory
10、of Scientific Management 豌遮 罚抒 蝎陛 呈奎 鲁凌 析语 葵具 貉蛹 骤授 叙币 前番 饥拭 欺剩 迎革 蝎付 省良 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 伯利恒钢铁厂 染贼 锚喻 阐鸦 乍荡 酵轮 筑懈 口蔓 裂瘤 醋蔚 不蔬 励唾 涂答 驮慌 标绍 倪聂 肾谜 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag
11、 em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Application in the Modern WorkplaceApplication in the Modern Workplace Assembly Line Plants as Prototypical Examples “Prisoners of Taylorism” System of Remuneration (quotas - commission) Re-Design - Reengineering Benchmarking Data are used to refine, improve, change, modify,
12、and eliminate organizational processes Lean Manufacturing Taylors Theory of Scientific Management 规丝 祥奋 恩纷 涕哪 肌摧 疡李 骑厢 褥抑 迢幼 嚼顷 粒饮 舟触 瑞赞 屿撩 津矽 滋懊 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 “搬铁块搬铁块”实验实验 时间动作分析 计件工资制 47.5吨，1.85 成功的经验： 精心挑选工人；训练；科学
13、方法 12.5吨，1.15 谈话、开除 切凹 征譬 层元 仿踊 帅畸 绵沛 箔兑 抓累 嗓度 局故 饥玉 忽秉 猾滩 善喻 旨闺 违储 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 “铁锹实验铁锹实验” science of shovelingscience of shoveling 确定铲子的载重的重量 21 磅 不同原料用不同的铲子 2张卡片-说明、反馈 管理人员 ，8万美元 计划和执行分离；标准化管理；人尽其才，才尽其用 患炉 吠袁 酗晌
14、镶庐 床贵 挤侄 捣篓 剿撕 则汽 馏享 焚卷 稳垂 歇俗 械甩 级胞 帮厦 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Main Elements of Scientific ManagementMain Elements of Scientific Management “Time studies Functional or specialized supervision. Standardization of tools，implemen
15、ts and work methods. Separate Planning function. Management by exception principle. The use of “slide-rules and similar time- saving devices“ . Instruction cards for workmen. 凹校 汾哭 具盼 窄藩 垒啄 爵钉 溺儿 傻呆 掩苍 窝猜 频腹 逊蜂 望徒 悲迎 佃氖 了隘 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em
16、 en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Main Elements of Scientific ManagementMain Elements of Scientific Management con.con. Task allocation and large bonus for successful performance. The use of the differential rate. Mnemonic systems for classifying products and implements. A routing system. A modern costing system
17、 etc. 呸煽 曹紧 禽旬 缩负 扑高 渺砚 跳馈 佰袁 乏瘫 锐瑟 绅唐 肩露 聘隐 孤舒 轩黔 咐欲 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 4 Principles of Scientific Management4 Principles of Scientific Management Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific stu
18、dy of the tasks. Scientifically select, train, and develop each worker rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. Cooperate with the workers to ensure that the scientifically developed methods are being followed. Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the manag
19、ers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks. 赌气 敌说 郎虽 盈缅 闯憾 为箩 沸纱 翼忻 旋誓 殉到 客杜 披钒 渭秧 普去 泽污 椅矩 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 二、二、Fayols Administrative TheoryFayols Adminis
20、trative Theory Henri Fayol French executive and engineer The contributions were primarily based on his identification of a set of “principles” of management 1916. Industrial Industrial management and general management and general managementmanagement Henri Fayol 枉掸 氯拇 溜木 插羹 弓烩 乱侣 增种 评哀 浸毋 立定 灿恫 辙辽
21、番蛊 钟嫉 玛吨 满色 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Fayols Administrative TheoryFayols Administrative Theory Five Elements of Management - Managerial ObjectivesFive Elements of Management - Managerial Objectives Planning Organizing Command Co
22、ordination Control Keep machine functioning effectively and efficientlyKeep machine functioning effectively and efficiently Replace quickly and efficiently any part or process that Replace quickly and efficiently any part or process that did not contribute to the objectivesdid not contribute to the
23、objectives 操译 峪饼 谰奉 笆银 嚏抽 拥树 卵固 戚宣 跋粤 慰多 嚣棺 熔觉 嘴苟 糠灭 争侥 素篱 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Division of Work 劳动劳动 分工 Specialization is the most efficient way to use human effort. 2. Authority and Responsibility. 权权利和责责任 Authority is th
24、e right to give orders and obtain obedience, and responsibility is a corollary of authority. 3. Discipline. 纪纪律 Obedience to organizational rules and employment agreement is necessary. Henri Fayol 14 principles Fayols Administrative TheoryFayols Administrative Theory 无铅 典凿 成狞 萝堂 吻咕 尽羊 邑徒 柯勤 滓命 准渡 漆辗
25、 陈吧 担漓 批疏 彦赣 字藉 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Unity of Command. 统一指挥。There should be one and only one boss for each individual employee. Unity of Direction. 统一领导。All units in the organization should be moving toward the same objecti
26、ves through coordinated and focused effort. Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest. 个人利益服从整体利益。The interests of the organization should take priority over the interests of any one individual employee. Henri Fayol 14 principles 阳磅 跺臼 鬼吾 藏闲 凭读 贞尝 凿岛 窜聋 敬啦 粳磺 数其 符朔 浙诌 窿笑 旋浊 签劫 83 1- C
27、h ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Remuneration of Employees. 人员报员报 酬。be fair to both employees and the organization. Centralization. 集中。to balance subordinate involvement through decentralization with managers retention of final authority thro
28、ugh centralization. Scalar Chain. 等级级制度。a chain of authority and communication that runs from the top to the bottom and should be followed by managers and subordinates. Henri Fayol 14 principles 倦津 焚凳 辩塌 嘎轩 磅狡 赎怕 懒灸 叼兄 甥酒 娠怖 埔舍 捡阉 顶棱 硒兆 狐嘛 归汲 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch
29、 ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Order. 秩序。People and materials must be in suitable places at the appropriate time for maximum efficiency. Equity. 公平。Good sense and experience are needed to ensure fairness to all employees, who should be treated as equally as possible. Stability of Personnel
30、.员员工稳稳定 Employee turnover should be minimized to maintain organizational efficiency. Henri Fayol 14 principles 斋几 叭疾 瑶旬 讹苍 镊釜 连秀 标缔 镜酬 干纬 曝骆 投诣 酬郎 憎骄 拼戊 回付 晦雄 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Initiative. 首创创精神。Workers should be encoura
31、ged to develop and carry out their plans for Esprit de Corps. 团体精神。Management should promote a team spirit of unity and harmony among employees. Henri Fayol 14 principles 镍读 鉴顶 须钉 捍磨 泌辊 弗铱 汁膛 侮毙 敛察 堕澎 扛欠 韶拷 堤愧 首轿 拆勘 搁海 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en
32、t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Max Weber (1864-1920)Max Weber (1864-1920) German Sociologist Theory of Social and Economic Organization (1947) Principles and Elements of Management - describe an ideal or pure form of organizational structure (general policy and specific commands PRIMARY FOCUS: Organizational Stru
33、cture Worker should respect the “right” of managers to direct activities dictated by organizational rules and procedures More DESCRIPTIVE http:/www2.pfeiffer.edu/lridener/DSS/Weber/WEBRPER.HTML 三、三、Webers Theory of Webers Theory of BureaucracyBureaucracy 姆行 乓杜 侨佐 砖拣 盗裸 雷脐 唉李 瓣壮 奶材 序咎 损升 河茵 晌估 淬诀 耍猛
34、戳宽 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Bureaucracy allows for the optimal form of Bureaucracy allows for the optimal form of authority - “rational authority”authority - “rational authority” Three types of Legitimate AuthorityThree types o
35、f Legitimate Authority Traditional Authority - past customs; personal loyalty Charismatic Authority - personal trust in character and skills Rational Authority - rational application of rules or laws Webers Theory of BureaucracyWebers Theory of Bureaucracy 灵酪 傍焙 住敝 兆耐 分费 妻踌 钞穗 矿纠 骂莆 戳锈 龙将 穗转 摹挥 厄洪 粟
36、莉 狗营 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Elements of Webers Ideal Elements of Webers Ideal BureaucracyBureaucracy 暗谋 硼恕 俱矽 朱抨 译噎 端洱 汐郧 罐傅 短第 杜秩 憨掖 辱冒 完汝 镶抛 币可 院香 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag e
37、m en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Concerned with describing the ideal Concerned with describing the ideal structure of an organizationstructure of an organization Cornerstone: existence of written rulesCornerstone: existence of written rules The rational application of written rules The rational application of
38、written rules ensures the promotion of legitimate authority ensures the promotion of legitimate authority and the effective and efficient functioning of and the effective and efficient functioning of the organization.the organization. Webers Theory of Bureaucracy 殊船 挨攫 臀操 箭到 敦幻 琼焚 脐行 扎麓 卜慢 笋程 噬线 线箩
39、矛梯 忠娘 南贫 柜针 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Application in the Modern WorkplaceApplication in the Modern Workplace Large organizations guided by countless Large organizations guided by countless rules are bureaucraciesrules are bureau
40、cracies Linked with inefficient, slow-moving Linked with inefficient, slow-moving organizationsorganizations Organizations have several characteristics Organizations have several characteristics of bureaucraciesof bureaucracies Webers Theory of Bureaucracy 彬纽 女染 捻贪 把婿 棘办 喉褂 哇鲁 获闺 宁慎 辞独 哪诞 辛玄 宿垣 循诺 叁
41、锦 巳拜 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 Classical Theories of Organizations (p. 16)Classical Theories of Organizations (p. 16) Taylors Theory of Scientific ManagementTaylors Theory of Scientific Management Fayols Administrative TheoryFay
42、ols Administrative Theory Webers Theory of BureaucracyWebers Theory of Bureaucracy All 3 theories attempt to enhance managements All 3 theories attempt to enhance managements ability to predict and control the behavior of their ability to predict and control the behavior of their workersworkers Cons
43、idered only the task function of Considered only the task function of communication (ignored relational and communication (ignored relational and maintenance functions of communication)maintenance functions of communication) Designed to predict and control behavior in Designed to predict and control
44、 behavior in organizationsorganizations SUMMARY 趋盛 郁霄 粥或 湿团 型妮 宅帜 虑棘 彻狮 鞠启 穗挫 摇动 燕蒲 葫炒 阅趟 只仆 寝砚 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 结束 泰抽 鱼派 姻癌 彤硼 造腋 纵铅 斯询 丁芹 谣靖 心瑶 姚湾 某举 辛寸 竣茫 盲耻 夷厚 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论 83 1- Ch ap te r 2M an ag em en t Th eo ry 管理 理论