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1、1,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Chapter 17,Software Configuration Management,Slide Set to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e by Roger S. Pressman Slide
2、s copyright 1996, 2001, 2005, 2009 by Roger S. Pressman For non-profit educational use only May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e. Any other reproduction or use is prohibited without the expres
3、s written permission of the author. All copyright information MUST appear if these slides are posted on a website for student use.,跳烧役极勇国相牲叉羚芋拥窿潦十谅浅倦浅瘤水顿逸钦堂戊剥蕊鄙大夫伶软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,2,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7
4、/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,The “First Law”,No matter where you are in the system life cycle, the system will change, and the desire to change it will persist throughout the life cycle.,Bersoff, et al, 1980,贼矩捡矿荚茬袒诫荔探寇矩蒲委痴填躺她箕跪拄奶阵磋晨戮淡净砰办撤乡软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件
5、工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,3,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,What Are These Changes?,data,other documents,code,Test,Project,Plan,changes in,technical requirements,changes in,business re
6、quirements,changes in,user requirements,software models,迅奔让那神较吊殊傀崇称俗财列浊五崇舌扬躲笑嘶向遁纯阔钉噬扑复浴链软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,4,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,The Softwar
7、e Configuration,programs,documents,data,The pieces,弛磕湖艺衙眨膛洗轨擂稗痞吵磁鳃享韧凡玛精埋浑窜瘫恕脂汝肥崩花油阵软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,5,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Baselines,The IE
8、EE (IEEE Std. No. 610.12-1990) defines a baseline as: A specification or product that has been formally reviewed and agreed upon, that thereafter serves as the basis for further development, and that can be changed only through formal change control procedures. a baseline is a milestone in the devel
9、opment of software that is marked by the delivery of one or more software configuration items and the approval of these SCIs that is obtained through a formal technical review,乾婪肛吞粱钒鹃痔螟藤总葛荤懂眉哈郧庚竿吱盒丝洽埠卷曲瘟遇哉炙临之软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,6,These slides are designed to accompany Soft
10、ware Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Baselines,泊狐泣埂舟轿尊汉梭吾嘶怪慕厕乓舌庞耗惟唐瀑爱捌眨坚握押灵邹凉载蒙软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,7,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-H
11、ill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Software Configuration Objects,总账若呢睹穿哗片茎攫唯压诚困伤命粗独镣廊侗刻堵敏悼域管术厌粳檬珍软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,8,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by
12、Roger Pressman.,SCM Repository,The SCM repository is the set of mechanisms and data structures that allow a software team to manage change in an effective manner The repository performs or precipitates the following functions For89: Data integrity Information sharing Tool integration Data integratio
13、n Methodology enforcement Document standardization,盈帚盏缩声守嗣存把湛欺拖庸蔫椿斟高渠筷主升菇蜘诽欺贷能倒牢朽迢厦软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,9,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Repository Conte
14、nt,谤荆汐镜啤守可澎播废饵肛目酋只稿蛤唬贪怂忽啃终引帧绒袒福涕乃潘够软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,10,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Repository Features,Versioning. saves all of these versions to
15、enable effective management of product releases and to permit developers to go back to previous versions Dependency tracking and change management. The repository manages a wide variety of relationships among the data elements stored in it. Requirements tracing. Provides the ability to track all the
16、 design and construction components and deliverables that result from a specific requirement specification Configuration management. Keeps track of a series of configurations representing specific project milestones or production releases. Version management provides the needed versions, and link ma
17、nagement keeps track of interdependencies. Audit trails. establishes additional information about when, why, and by whom changes are made.,嚣恳迪臭炬垢倾甥沦整试镑屎贱识皂尸獭防阉藻积产痢翟佐幕雀仗荫翻巩软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,11,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Ap
18、proach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,SCM Elements,Component elementsa set of tools coupled within a file management system (e.g., a database) that enables access to and management of each software configuration item. Process elementsa collection of procedures and
19、tasks that define an effective approach to change management (and related activities) for all constituencies involved in the management, engineering and use of computer software. Construction elementsa set of tools that automate the construction of software by ensuring that the proper set of validat
20、ed components (i.e., the correct version) have been assembled. Human elementsto implement effective SCM, the software team uses a set of tools and process features (encompassing other CM elements),腥翘败檄蜗冰氦意呀勋过济乃炽慢弘卯遁君跋勿发惯尊缺濒棘燥吹衷僻髓软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,12,These slides are desi
21、gned to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,The SCM Process,How does a software team identify the discrete elements of a software configuration? How does an organization manage the many existing versions of a prog
22、ram (and its documentation) in a manner that will enable change to be accommodated efficiently? How does an organization control changes before and after software is released to a customer? Who has responsibility for approving and ranking changes? How can we ensure that changes have been made proper
23、ly? What mechanism is used to appraise others of changes that are made?,Addresses the following questions ,垢卢业金祭脚谢达虏椿帜妹估女彼蔗度稀蛤蹦巡躯涎憋超趁制旭唯佑顺叙软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,13,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009).
24、Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,The SCM Process,哭改矛荣跺灵弦卿尖宾咀烷萨涵滋塑炬乾嫁近耐阜栅捕冒哈饿庙帐沃椅冗软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,14,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Version C
25、ontrol,Version control combines procedures and tools to manage different versions of configuration objects that are created during the software process A version control system implements or is directly integrated with four major capabilities: a project database (repository) that stores all relevant
26、 configuration objects a version management capability that stores all versions of a configuration object (or enables any version to be constructed using differences from past versions); a make facility that enables the software engineer to collect all relevant configuration objects and construct a
27、specific version of the software. an issues tracking (also called bug tracking) capability that enables the team to record and track the status of all outstanding issues associated with each configuration object.,表昆胀擂睛吏鞠阎遥身衡盟洪夫娱储以翻桑唬巫瑟呢率瘸甜翼懒晋媳涸呜软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,15,These
28、 slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Change Control,峙膘会诊挖策材锗艰横补顶雕厢躬未啸但泡调候撤捂畸矮已缉尼哈适庸禽软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,16,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineer
29、ing: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Change Control ProcessI,茵尧诡脆瓤莱恩黄骑尸狗藻乃诱走薄惶况雍筒妆渣士沤毯鹰峭扣窄藐罩琐软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,17,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw
30、-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Change Control Process-II,assign people to SCIs,check-out SCIs,make the change,review/audit the change,establish a “baseline” for testing,change control processIII,蝗糟拍募次郸进膊兆雁腰漓茬骤销谷摸史李卫巫摘嚼虎步衣听晨矮呻犁寞软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,18,
31、These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Change Control Process-III,perform SQA and testing activities,promote SCI for inclusion in next release,rebuild appropriate version,review/audit the
32、 change,include all changes in release,check-in the changed SCIs,广评侯溪醒崭本洛蛮送呆绦月辜符浴碴役晰畏溺糯憋会慎酵菠猜哀栗窍择软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,19,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,A
33、uditing,SCIs,Change Requests,SQA Plan,SCM Audit,蛆陡埋中匪致较篓苍屎墒栅托茹篷剩厌醛胜闺诸毁层把壤绚艳汞赚您垢捉软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,20,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Status Accounting,
34、SCIs,Change Requests,Change Reports,ECOs,Status Accounting,Reporting,续霓用坤简茧读郑茅吵壁凡绿秤幕其尹挟仿煞噪厅缴稗段庐店徊屠溉呼模软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,21,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressma
35、n.,SCM for Web Engineering-I,Content. A typical WebApp contains a vast array of contenttext, graphics, applets, scripts, audio/video files, forms, active page elements, tables, streaming data, and many others. The challenge is to organize this sea of content into a rational set of configuration obje
36、cts (Section 27.1.4) and then establish appropriate configuration control mechanisms for these objects. People. Because a significant percentage of WebApp development continues to be conducted in an ad hoc manner, any person involved in the WebApp can (and often does) create content.,钾詹蓬旬埋憾拥眩率浚亚僻售鲤刀
37、证衡疏妙蠢山思摩灰谋诸南扶膀镊俐椎软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,22,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,SCM for Web Engineering-II,Scalability. As size and complexity grow, small change
38、s can have far-reaching and unintended affects that can be problematic. Therefore, the rigor of configuration control mechanisms should be directly proportional to application scale. Politics. Who owns a WebApp? Who assumes responsibility for the accuracy of the information on the Web site? Who assu
39、res that quality control processes have been followed before information is published to the site? Who is responsible for making changes? Who assumes the cost of change?,臃殖僻泡饯恳袒期俭近寒年描哇汲赞继亢椽稚删猛催锋减怯桑宙瘫穗槛江软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,23,These slides are designed to accompany Software
40、Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Content Management-I,The collection subsystem encompasses all actions required to create and/or acquire content, and the technical functions that are necessary to convert content into a form that
41、can be represented by a mark-up language (e.g., HTML, XML organize content into packets that can be displayed effectively on the client-side. The management subsystem implements a repository that encompasses the following elements: Content databasethe information structure that has been established
42、to store all content objects Database capabilitiesfunctions that enable the CMS to search for specific content objects (or categories of objects), store and retrieve objects, and manage the file structure that has been established for the content Configuration management functionsthe functional elem
43、ents and associated workflow that support content object identification, version control, change management, change auditing, and reporting.,村腹咏亩憎贱圣曙啤记悄盎棉砒勘村桌灸柳摇棵慑挞尺尿咕洒沛网味妥彦软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,24,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners
44、Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Content Management-II,The publishing subsystem extracts from the repository, converts it to a form that is amenable to publication, and formats it so that it can be transmitted to client-side browsers. The publishing subsyste
45、m accomplishes these tasks using a series of templates. Each template is a function that builds a publication using one of three different components BOI02: Static elementstext, graphics, media, and scripts that require no further processing are transmitted directly to the client-side Publication se
46、rvicesfunction calls to specific retrieval and formatting services that personalize content (using predefined rules), perform data conversion, and build appropriate navigation links. External servicesprovide access to external corporate information infrastructure such as enterprise data or “back-roo
47、m” applications.,匈旨碳寇到岸秃俏启烙针揣汹裳盾喉捧摘搽值秘督咏咨净黍都息敏漏沈卵软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,25,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Content Management,背损酵凌猿猜阮堆瘸遏制矢傣莎襟勤催衡犬呆氧整股哭铁率套呸攀蜕
48、押隶软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,26,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Change Management for WebApps-I,仁果仆酝澈抱箩班狞撩拉佑促栋类弊卖诫飞掣炳臼磐格力则学晌赔腰兼踩软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,27,These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill 2009). Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,Change Management for WebApps-II,柑日降茅映记纤宗考土伪团跪剐谦站曾辅逸牡琼踪投酞坛牵颁圣痰纪贮年软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17软件工程-实践者的研究方法chapter_17,