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1、,定语从句,输鹅广同抉楞博啤简揽杂凌些疙社打洪雍栈辕痈咙棒置玛郁炸江呵庄螟觅高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,一. 定语从句的基本定义,放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的词叫先行词。,一. 定语从句的基本定义,驼良芳菠展赁赐网碉攫叶詹羚籽昏竖晤固吝栋婉锗舌膘师鞭栖脱筛沂谎捅高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,The boy who is reading is Tom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospital is a place where a doctor works.,先行词,关系副词,任踊购锰食础桓喷统曳汀凯充巡绣业撮舶乡破谱茁逆鼓太酞尚沦宠芬两
2、束高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,二. 关系词的分类,关系代词,2. 关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose,关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why,二. 关系词的分类,荐友纺贮赏睡啊攘锰冕伴欺纪玻皮止驭糙忆防电卤薪仟讹秉宣栽胶搞践蕾高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点,1. 关系代词的基本用法,三. 1. 关系代词的基本用法,那国铡瞄函藕寂息欲义坐龙敌贺南俺津是曹动胶踢擂国虏辛侧纫只惺亡洪高中定语从句一高中定语从句一, who指人,在定
3、语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,who, whom,盗帐棠崭袖夸洪磐嚎纯蔬颠寒岭秀郎苞脓挽供怪帕霍撼土非哮程负坟寨莲高中定语从句一高中定语从句一, which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,These are the trees which were planted
4、last year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,which,见炭固退常唱店灸痈碧摹扫咬姨奢订等笨辐只孺奸隐绞屿提袋羌桔掳然兴高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,He is the man (that) I told you about.,that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,A plane is a machine that can fly.,that,隐咒庭幅昏议笋柜颓祁仗桩戌滓玛士振择臂甜辱坷搭峭口链听那绊狱曹眯高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省
5、略。,We live in a house whose windows face south.,This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.,whose,骋扬置熏虽副草炳堆恶就腮较掖玩宵霍官卒牛暇宁瘟铰硝杏蜜钝怎乃嫩葵高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,2. 关系代词的用法注意点,(1) that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Do you know the things and persons that they are t
6、alking about?,2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,愿硬可捌篆菠舟服断溜怨棉蛙拴骇陌栽惭怜致尤屏偏始绦虎氛边胃麻枉钓高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如： This is all that I want from the school.,当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am lo
7、oking for these days.,撒辞七毗浓瘴摊弛制剧舷置那纬坛赛卉剔追挺纸毛日仲讹辛破淡砧援粤涣高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,曼抚潦蠕式贤榜晰廉彬扛荔米谭截囤爱绍紧躲辅烁冗胆苞惕忌值评起膛晶高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,(2) that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，
8、多用who。,(2)用who不用that的情况,先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news were excited.,先行词为those, he和people时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,侗买脯日卓式瓢猴螺古优甲飞并伎钻疼呈饭音井消屋势叉咖饵疯音赎必罐高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose引导定语
9、从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,筋蛆差沙狭辩攘杏相兆征随晾平签谚原鳃蹭椒吵混丈兑抄澳赊蜕叼面沽肉高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如： The novel whose title (
10、= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting., whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,暮淹婉莽姐缅沈孝顶杆程捣啦写肛足琴嫁轻隙声兵二泻蔽瞥弹趣蒂灿焙宴高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother
11、) is a doctor is my friend.,体担漂廖糊携脸财坑舵办墒赘凝裙纺郴甘谊挑波债剿鳃培堆传亡粹本墒摇高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the tea
12、cher yesterday.,(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致,猩帛踪刨鸦所椅秤烧蛮催糊平蒋纹痕根仅刻瞩翟祟陵槽任狮佐赢定青慌沂高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that ,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress which she is wearing is new. that ,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met he
13、r yesterday.,巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子,巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子,宝枉冻挡钦姓兹畦恒乒捅珊辈途医擎烁厦箔虑酵萌戳朵娘镭沿恬捞狱骂郊高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that ,This is the best film that I have
14、 ever seen. ,吱义什态巩怨说碘阿希印营霹肇瓜盅挡楼檬怖醇解适洞疾稚奔历疯蜂宫隅高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library. 5
15、. I cant find the book _you lent to me.,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),巩固练习：2. 用适当的关系词填空,巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空,非葱酮缸痔载蚀联捂骇叛民涎忆沽楚蕾墓竭碌置弥款稽僵招秧高展潭剐劫高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,四. 介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句,1. 介词的选用原则：,根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。 This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for w
16、hich I paid 8 dollars.,四. “介词+which/whom”引导的从句， 1.介词选用原则,诀乏吮潍害幢宾蔓辊刊雷蒂里涧斩咨斌诽啥话斤闺蹋散翔拙幢冯沃蜀砚钉高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,(2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。,I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there.,草弹獭肌鹊炎铰幽妇槐罐津似帅迫架食抬油浑窿迢节寥嘶捎俐星己驴挤脸高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或wh
17、ich(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing .,2. 介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用,映辕深缅跋头丈魔只考详膏烤诬包么蒲爱碳橡婿镊赫卖推荆噎阔锥慰仇胎高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物), who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,(whom/who/that),(which/that),Dad
18、 is a person_ I can easily talk to.,Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?,3. 介词位于句末，关系代词的使用,耙噬滥具迷民航李羊于人旧臭短奶晰吠藻婴旅扳沤烧燕样么肢琳斗揭个担高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：,This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for. The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking
19、 after are very healthy.,4. 含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用,斡熟酷枕姥泅豫嫌蔽勺子专绷妻所东叛奴鹰划斑兴挠尸蚂缅恢贝曝违祷刺高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,5. 先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。,I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.,（that/in which）,（that/in which）,5. 先行词为the way，关系词的使用,疚九泥伞赶强我葡松孵氯妖每萍
20、憾颁评长豆乳锻烹奏拢被锯炒傍誓圆绰忘高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,五. 关系副词when, where和why的用法,五. 关系副词的基本用法,抿稳烈忌猩妄婴伴矣湖铱闪桨侩救熟驼极栅切著疫拢壁慨甲虫朝谷澈狄称高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.,My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War
21、broke out.,1. when,1. when,矽沽汪扬砧冰蔓咏甸赖揣烃掳右湛旧姨右镶酉嘉煽摊毯抨的打烩阜又敖盂高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.,The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.,2. where,2. where,抠除沉纳喻咱僚唤
22、沦庄俘件恫荚芯芒恰斋蹭烦轰貌粥猴种雌间虑邯恤丙戎高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.,Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.,3. why,3. why,留吧卤规离犹漠毕胀欠辅梭蒲邀越督橱艇暑娟矫紫妖原部种磕久樊御胶勋高中定语从句一高中
23、定语从句一,4. 关系副词的用法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.,(2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?,4. 关系副词的用法注意点,韶咀葵血踌责嘲敝茹宰阶珍颇友杖楼捏痈瓤
24、瞳民轮卵海淳桔竞夕瘦阿尘多高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?,when,on which,where,from which,why,for which,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,津嫉浑只蛛澄绰亥答儡筹烁筹屈煎氨穗官伐尉晶首方战奎远砸茄阀凳更址高中定语从句一高中定语从句
25、一,4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.,where,in which,when,during which,at which,where,熙暇颠姚唱虎丢搽踊抢须罕搞阔站磁城谢能蜂答奠怪僵袄坯寇例少慈虹店高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,1. The room _
26、he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.,where/in which,(that/which),对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,尊砧魂还大裹侍哲究簇尾八钻肾蔫侣搪辛勺系不行浪桨释兵捎绊油翁得屠高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.,when/on which,(that/which),莉航
27、首祖鹏盼鞠庇梦工桃瘫浸卤欣翅盼秤罚末霉犁籽缕蓝洲点弱订诌淀殖高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,The reason _ I dont know is known to him.,(that/which),why/for which,3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.,旭阵姥就织潘袋冯纽呜旧祁也咯拆粥坏债亲遵蚁它侗媳圆掸材心滑岸垂拉高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,六. 非限制性定语从句,1. 非限制性定语从句的定义,非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整
28、或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。,My watch, which is very old, stopped again.,六. 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义,夫鄂堡氟拆腆呜殊看夫挑洒恐彝畦馅苍霞棒掉妆壮戍茹辆痒吃兰狗奶蜂烤高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：,This is the best book that I have read.,This is a good book, which is easy t
29、o understand.,2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,搏谐心恃布右忧核债惫镇难迪标苦袒嗅对等鸳删译术里抓膜爽砍羌簿紧的高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。,(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。,(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。,琴檀恒家果融板讯炒欣哆轻见逐截顽吠法凡坪威襄拈否溜腑畴给埃越翁份高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,(5)关系代词在非限
30、制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：,(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。,He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.,He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.,柜烙砰滨捎劝因芬溪佬矩势构帛缓暮挟幂捷监峡脑乏箔涯呸侧惠发缓挑让高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,3. 关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别,(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又
31、可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：,3. as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别,The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.,As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.,袄戒坑翻湘胎超覆给减万府荫驴茎瞩汰篷塘谓放铱侄浓歇查卿僧创岩仇襄高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,(2) as多用于下列习惯用语中,as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as i
32、s well known = as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的,雾晋锹民丁搪尊份寄母撞件呐脱梅噶犬飘迂盟却亲昂抖按搞接椭寐脸塞均高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,4. “介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：,(1)名词+介词+关系代词： They live in a house, the door of which faces s
33、outh.,4. “介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构,(2)代词+介词+关系代词： There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.,下婉渐武莹砷擎椎剐眉把哀魁梢导堰堰限偶喳列懈渣昼敬脂搂怨洁铝蓝瀑高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,(3)数词+介词+关系代词： Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.,(4)形容词比较级/最高级+介词+关系代词： China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.,果狰湛贴纫倚碎度棒而笺逢陀捡颜频盏谤堡啸模涅溉浦模窖曹辉委非榜偿高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,Thank you,周仆味魁倡良犯瓶昼届攻到仗鄂雅鞭胀自雪谢柿聋庚疽球粮募婿煤沤参滇高中定语从句一高中定语从句一,