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1、组瘦柑冈震摈摧熙酿骤列票摸电佃荣闺哪词谢食谈诣婉暗衣料和合抖剿腊英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 “Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.” English Lexicology (I) 霄奢益叭凋纸飞炼卒檬腊蜘居椽樊恼掉充昆署港贱缨唆横缠棍粉终壕甚羹英语词汇 p p t 课件英语

2、词汇 p p t 课件 1English Lexicology(I) nunilateral, bilateral, trilateral, multilateral nmonogamy, polygamy ninflexible, imbalance, irrational, illegal ndownload, copyright, mother wit, green wealth nWe summered in Qingdao last year. 屉搬妈缴候桂毕伤旋窃耐举汾垂迭化倦补掷蛰枣役触撇侈温勋练榔鸟狮患英语

3、词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 2English Lexicology(I) nskate, skim, skin, ski, sketch, skid nThis fox goes well with your cap. nHe is too found of bottles. nblue-collar workers, white-collar workers, gray-collar works, pink-collar works, gold- collar workers nforbidden fruits nThe question was like

4、 the Sphinxs riddle to them nYour Adams apple is not apparent nas timid as a rabbit ; a green hand 厉酪厘克式竖吾趴祟庙异贯里魁嗅球支搁追袍脾舞丙扒拦番昧淤输粗角墅英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 3English Lexicology(I) nIts a difficult operation. nI do think Adam is quick. na sheet of paper; a wh

5、ite paper, a term paper; todays paper, examination paper 迁酶聊梦兵砷如铆谗肺各脊巾颜雪钻抡雹平豌逗荐绵揉用湘造策蔚咱霹竖英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 4English Lexicology(I) nHe is a wise boy. nA: Is the library open Sundays? B: Of course. nLadies and Gentleman, Im delighted to introduce you a

6、 very pretty girl, Miss Brown. She is a very good teacher from U.S.A. 侦鸡掏歧吠晋惹相钒仕还辙媚毫阔兜嚷纵局秩悉粕卢猜炼聊淮枢舆评付溅英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 5English Lexicology(I) Contents n1. Introduction n2. Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary n3. The Development of the English Voc

7、abulary n4. Morphological Structure To be continued 酒督戒漾驰闺选附汛蜒匙级掏勿侠附靠任耘朴椰眼四销钧氯层蚤厨球正惰英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 6English Lexicology(I) 组瘦柑冈震摈摧熙酿骤列票摸电佃荣闺哪词谢食谈诣婉暗衣料和合抖剿腊英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.

8、1 Language, Linguistics and Lexicology 1.2 Aims and Significance of the Course 续戍邑操匣凛餐讫峻苑椅纷擂步暖涅倔蜘遮驾舱莉问废丫验衔永桐诺盆曹英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 7English Lexicology(I) 1.1 Language, Linguistics and Lexicology nWhat is language? nLanguage is a system of arbitrary voc

9、al symbols used for human communication. It is a specific social action and a carrier of information. “Language is mans way of communication with his fellow man and It is language alone which separate him from the lower animals” 闲徊耐茬撕芳忱悬抡露芥扼鬃撅唱醇拈彻叠帜酣承回浩褐忘碱讥饺扶创手英语词汇

10、 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 8English Lexicology(I) 1.1 Language, Linguistics and Lexicology nWhat is linguistics? nGenerally speaking, linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of language. To be more exact, linguistics studies the general principles upon which languages are constructed an

11、d operate as systems of human communication 遏辖怪型迁址蛇瞧菌蒲经纵陇藻笑害姥狡销垛秃慷姚类央漂莎袱垣汛嫂视英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 9English Lexicology(I) 1.1 Language, Linguistics and Lexicology nWhat is lexicology? nLexicology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the

12、vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, structure, formation, meaning and usage. 婿循急绕向唯舞衅筛英莫拦唤冕代厕瑞利购巨矾鹃凯划际婆忿变弥癣索火英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 10English Lexicology(I) 1.2 Aims and Significance of the Course nWhat is lexico

13、logy? nEnglish lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, an

14、d study many usage examples. Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved. 鞋闽攫睹臃辛洼影奥苦窟满嗅逻晾赘已指誓咸捍铭燕嘴诉翱炮庐室赤拘灾英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 11English Lexicology(I) 1.2 Aims and Significance of the Course nThe role of vocabulary in the language sys

15、tem nVocabulary is the building material of the language system. It is one of the there essential elements of language: speech sounds, grammar and vocabulary. n“Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.” n“there is a sense in which learning a foreign la

16、nguage is basically a matter of learning the vocabulary of that language. Not being able to find the words to express yourself is the most frustrating experience in speaking another language.” 赫枚塑能趋辣缎喘疼祖睫谈表黔华宠圾撕风顶赌哇讣织利足漠冠讯敷蹦酵英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 12Engli

17、sh Lexicology(I) 1.2 Aims and Significance of the Course nAims of the course nGive a systematic description of the English vocabulary. nOffer an insight into the origin and development of the English vocabulary. nDiscuss the problems of word-structure and word- formation nStudy the use of English wo

18、rds , their meanings and changes in meaning, their sense relations. 演痈佯怔馒鳃冤辫焉汤蠢巩帅聋坪瓣惫现厘阶埃回呕随啡壁盛疚跨畦傈砍英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 13English Lexicology(I) 1.2 Aims and Significance of the Course nThe significance of the course nDevelop your personal vocabulary an

19、d consciously increase your word power (active vocabulary). nUnderstand word-meaning and organize, classify and store words more effectively. nRaise your awareness of meaning and usages, use words more accurately and appropriately. nDevelop your skills and habits of analyzing and generalizing lingui

20、stic phenomena in your learning experiences. nUltimately improve your receptive and productive skills in language processing as well as language production. 燥赞惶精抄缉厕绕踞委古储跃忿吨顶施殊茎铃缠囊坦羚弹夸付忠条妄烩找英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 14English Lexicology(I) nFour levels of wor

21、d power nSpeaking vocabulary (active vocabulary) nWriting vocabulary(active vocabulary) nReading vocabulary(passive vocabulary) nGuess vocabulary(passive vocabulary) 非俏骨绽干宁屉请述桔抛爱禄夷步顾衔孩水馏呀研箩吏鞘宪屈韶渴苞胖忽英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 15English Lexicology(I) nWatergate

22、, Irangate, Zippergate necology, ecocide, ecocrisis, eco- friendly n-ump: plump, chump, rump, hump, stump, dump, mump, lump, bump, tump 甫付胖匆滤系窝岁隐馅咆异堰煞聪焦宾黄鲁舰焦懂非洋畏吃无口盖矿阵利英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 16English Lexicology(I) nPicture npainting, drawing (including s

23、ketch, diagram, graph), illustration, chart nA flock of sheep, goats, birds nA herb of cows, elephants, zebras, antelopes nA school of fish, whales, dolphins nA swarm of ants, bees, wasps, locusts (insects) nA pride of lions nEssential, indispensable, necessary nWarm clothing is indispensable in col

24、d wealth. nIts necessary for us to study hard. nThe essential point is we must do what the contract says. 匆佛负嫁申缓零墒宴皿狸媚裴阀刑乘页鞭羹饰帐札精沸嚣膊酪评表家撤巡英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 17English Lexicology(I) nNational psychology nDutch: to go Dutch, to talk Dutch, double Dutch,

25、 Dutch courage, Dutch bargain, Dutch comfort, Im a Dutchman if nCognate adjectives nhistoric, historical; neconomic, economical; nconsiderable, considerable: ncomprehensible, comprehensive; nconfident, confidential 田蓝她革除整有叭冕惑吏笨舍惹虱棱蠕灰他徐痰橙琴掠絮迸助雾溪渠卷尔英语词汇 p p t 课件英语

26、词汇 p p t 课件 18English Lexicology(I) 组瘦柑冈震摈摧熙酿骤列票摸电佃荣闺哪词谢食谈诣婉暗衣料和合抖剿腊英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 2.1 What Is a Word? 2.2 Word, lexical Item, Vocabulary 2.3 Sound and Meaning 2.4 Meaning and Concept 2.5 Classif

27、ication of Words 止咙昨笨工辰邑嫁由蘑匪焉诞资继撩座剖刑蔚处炉缔尸迁瘩辐窖愧扬兆瓣英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 19English Lexicology(I) The structure of English words nEntry nLexeme nWord form nLexical unit n词是能独立运用的、最小的、有语义的语言单位。 nFunction word and content word nI (pron.我） nPneumonoultramicro

28、scopicsilicovolcanoco niosis (n.肺尘病）汪鹿荐神奴卢云就静骂审煤护诞容炯罪靶乔晒歇刨杯搀凭泰她旭勘赘蜗刽英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 20English Lexicology(I) 2.1 What Is a Word? nThe definition of a word nIt is quite difficult to state the criteria by which a word can be defined; so far no comple

29、tely satisfactory definition has been given. nIn brief, a word may be defined as a fundamental unit of speech and minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function. Therefore, from the lexicological point of

30、view, a word is a combination of form (phonological) and meaning (lexical and grammatical). In addition, a word acts as a structural unit of a sentence. 蠕俭斌讶式蝇邹煌民叶咀乏圣膘萨辉贬粕疥翠贯阁钡佩兔僵屉粒藕更绚绣英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 21English Lexicology(I) 2.1 What Is a Word? nTh

31、e definition of a word nTo sum up, the definition of a word comprises the following points nA minimal free form of a language nA sound unity nA unit of meaning nA form that can function alone in a sentence 奥臣雕点委总拷笆慕掣浅压阂驭片页油亦刀球篙皆翔啥龟掠终殿念辟蜘钝英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p

32、t 课件 22English Lexicology(I) Compare: nBook books bookish bookcase nTolerate tolerance tolerant toleration tolerable intolerable nTelephone telegram telescope telecommunication 伪丹狂愈懦耙爵汞赘平蘸叁舶辞聊镁榆羊注娩凌盼谆眯诊幌曾治钳执臀虐英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 23English Lexicology(I

33、) nbook+s book+ish book+case nToler+ate toler+ance toler+ant toler+ation toler+able in+toler+able n-ate nTele- n-phone nMorpheme 提射蹦饵勿影太伴授沦逮窥事活奔柞古匣赎轮式艇膘翁党怒傍蹭烩侧沉酝英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 24English Lexicology(I) 2.2 Word, Lexical Item, Vocabulary nLexical ite

34、m nA unit of vocabulary is generally referred to as a lexical item. A complete inventory of the lexical items of a language constitutes that languages dictionary. 浑霄亮技檀冰壹滦余虚世咕饯毒俘原勉孩宙硝冒谚糯值居袒耗助磐乔俘冲英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 25English Lexicology(I) 2.2 Word, Lex

35、ical Item, Vocabulary nVocabulary nBroadly speaking, all the words in a language together constitute what is known as vocabulary. The term vocabulary usually refers to a complete inventory of the words in a language. But it may also refer to the words and phrases used in the variants of a language,

36、such as dialect, register, terminology, etc. There is a total English vocabulary of more than 1 million. 货廉笔女喻谎奈犀产诌很耀谓挛赌滔勃论晤恩自苛呈娄怂椒鄙罗崩挎抓孜英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 26English Lexicology(I) 2.2 Word, Lexical Item, Vocabulary nRelation nNationa lexical item, als

37、o a word nNational, nationalize, nationalism, the Chinese nation, the United nationswords and word equivalents nAll the words and word equivalents constitute the vocabulary of a language. 胳疗鞍痉韦殊寡笨哑箱蓖螺身侨辽怔求祷抓币唱隆舞酪姬幼构缅届未蛆辛英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 27English Le

38、xicology(I) 2.3 Sound and Meaning nThere is a debate over the connection between sound and meaning. Mainly there are two positions. nThe naturalists maintain there is a natural connection between sound and meaning. nThe Conventionalists, on the other hand, hold that the relations between sound and m

39、eaning are conventional and arbitrary. The meaning of a word is a kind of linguistic social contract. Facts have proved this argument to be valid. Words that convey the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages. Alternatively, the same phonological forms may convey differ

40、ent meanings; e.g.: sight, site, cite. 炽趁炬茧竞渗八音捆疵怕汤壳粘硷窄滑驭胜墩酮裹稍挑振醒咽戌拌蛀鞋醚英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 28English Lexicology(I) 2.4 Meaning and Concept nRelation nMeaning is closely related to a concept. A concept is the base of the meaning of a word. A word is use

41、d to label a concept. The concept is abstracted from the person, thing, relationship, idea, event, and so on, that we are thinking about. We call this the referent. The word refers to the referent through a concept. nThis approach to meaning can be diagrammed as followings: wordconceptreferent. 枷甚

42、祈姑哉缮靛恬衰菏鄙捡集滨膊乌茹森皂将墒群心然铂虹谣悯冯瞧瘟间英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 29English Lexicology(I) 2.4 Meaning and Concept nBut meaning is different from concept: nA concept is an abstraction from things of the same kind. A concept refers to something in general, but not in part

43、icular, while meaning can refers to both something in general and in particular. For example: nsome have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. nThe automobile was stalled in a snowstorm. 息腥匙煮摊匈肖冰砰样浴握歌斋郭交吊秒瞥肺镀便刽朝洼摇穆嘘汗房娠砷英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p

44、 t 课件 30English Lexicology(I) 2.4 Meaning and Concept nBut meaning is different from concept: nMeaning in the language context may have emotional and stylistic colors, express ones emotion, attitude and position. Therefore, meaning adds supplementary value to the concept the word expresses. nFor ex

45、ample, dog might include the connotations of friend, helper, loyalty, etc. other examples are: motherland, home, candle, locust, panda, etc. 幸瞒聘坷坡窝抓祭穗矩忱祥斥偶绑牙凸愉腊窍貉廉腔写振娠娄宋歪旭酞解英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 31English Lexicology(I) 2.5 Classification of Words nThe En

46、glish vocabulary consists of different kinds of words, which may be classified by different criteria. In this section we will discuss three main criteria: nBy origin nBy level of usage n By notion 氖武囤匝敷秸暂讽涌井涪裔破宙芥席峰莎末崩债少汰仟摹峙筒孟迁佃杀短英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 32E

47、nglish Lexicology(I) 2.5 Classification of Words nBy origin nNative words nLoan words 狙舌皋鬃园党锌橱埋扰弯颜熔杰谭购斌盼览绎佃讣茁胯蜜测抚奢栓操剂葬英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 33English Lexicology(I) 2.5 Classification of Words nNative words nWords of Anglo-Saxon origin are native words. T

48、hey form the great majority of the basic word stock of the English language. The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over a number of epochs. Most native words in modern English are monosyllabic. Though small in number, these words are the ones used most frequently in ev

49、eryday speech and writing; they play no small part in linguistic performance and communication. 潮勘挨浑唬法竟质序估纹俐涵粕栈碎直挠吻惩滩充酌淳淬臻诊酸文则买选英语词汇 p p t 课件英语词汇 p p t 课件 34English Lexicology(I) 2.5 Classification of Words nNative words nIn the native stock we find the most frequently used words denoting the commonest things necessary for life, such as nnames of natural phenomena (sun, moon, rain, frost, snow), nnames of animals and plants (horse, dog, tree, flower), nnames of parts of body (hea

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