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1、动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构),动名词、现在分词在形式上无区别，动名词具有名词性质，而现在分词具有形容词、副词性质。,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构),一般地，Ving 结构作主语、表语、动词宾语、介词宾语、前置定语时为动名词，后置定语、状语时为现在分词。,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构),动名词：既具有动词的性质，后可接宾语，可用副词修饰语，又占据名词的位置，可作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语和补语。,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)一,作主语 Learning without practice is no good. 作主语时有时用it引导的形式主语。 It is no goo
2、d learning without practice. It is worthwhile discussing the question again.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)二,作表语 Our duty is making instruments.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)三,作动词宾语 下列动词只接动名词作宾语：admit, avoid, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, finish, mind, miss(错过)，practice, require, suggest, risk, consider, admit, favor, del
3、ay, postpone, endure, escape, appreciate, cant help. Have you finished repairing the tape recorder? 可接动名词和不定式作宾语的词，但有些意义不同：attempt, begin, continue, forget, remember, hate, learn, like, love, prefer, need, regret, start, stop, try, want They began studying computer last week.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)四,1.
4、remember, forget, regret Cant you remember telling me the story last night? You must remember to tell him the news. I dont regret telling her what I thought. 2. need, want The letter needs signing. =The letter needs to be signed. The house wants repairing. = The house wants to be repaired.,动名词、现在分词
5、(V+ing结构)五,3. stop , go on They stopped (talking) to work. They stopped working. Workers went on discussing the problem. Workers went on to discuss the problem. 4. try: try to V：设法做某事 try ving ：尝试、试一试 Lets trying doing the work this way. Ill work hard, and try to improve.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)六,5. mean
6、: mean to V：企图干、打算干 mean Ving：意味着 Failing this exam means waiting for a year. I meant to have told you about it, but I forget to do so.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)七,作介词宾语 They insisted on going home immediately after the final exam. I look forward to her coming soon. I am proud of having such a son. How abou
7、t going there? What about having a concert?,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)八,作宾补 两类词可接动名词作宾补： 1. 感官及心理状态的词：hear, feel, see, listen to, look at, smell, watch, find, notice, observe I heard him walking to this way. He felt someone touching his shoulder.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)九,2. 表示“致使”等意义的词：keep, have, leave, get, ca
8、tch, set Im sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long. What you have told left me thinking that you experienced much when you were young.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十,注意：see, hear, feel, watch, notice等接Ving时，表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还未结束。 接to V时，表示动作发生了，即动作全过程结束。 I saw him coming out of the house. I saw him co
9、me out of the house and drive away by his motor. I hear somebody shouting outside. I heard him knock at the door.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十一,作定语 : 一般地，前置定语为动名词, 后置定语为现在分词 These passages may be used as listening material. (动名词) He executed many cycles of painting expressing significant social themes. (现在分词
10、),动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十二,动名词的时态和语态: 一般时态: doing 被动语态: being done 完成时态: having done 完成时态被动语态: having been done,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十三,动名词的逻辑主语:动名词具有动词的性质外, 还具有名词的性质,即可附加物主代词和名词的格来表示其逻辑主语。 物主代词 +动名词: Are you surprised at my visiting? Do you mind his smoking? 做宾语时, 在口语中常用: Do you mind him smoking? 名词所有格+动名
11、词: Toms going there brings prospects to the local people. 在正式文体中, 多用: Tom going there brings prospects to the local people. Philip coming home is a great pleasure to his parents.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十四,现在分词作状语- A) 表示时间(when, while) 1. 现在分词的一般时态Ving , 现在分词的动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。 Coming to the room, I found him
12、 sobbing. = When I came to the room, I found him sobbing. When arriving home, he found the door opened. He listened to the music radio while reading.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十五,2. 现在分词的完成时态having Ved, 现在分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。 Having been there 3 times, he doesnt want to travel to Beijing on this holiday. Havin
13、g experienced too much, she is sophisticated. Having finished their homework, the students rushed out of the classroom.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十六,B)表示原因 (as, because) Having got a headache, I didnt come to the concert. C) 表示条件(if) Working diligently, you will pass the entrance exam. D) 表示让步(although, eve
14、n if) Although repeating his words many times, the teacher could not make his students understand the concept. E) 表示结果(so, thereby, thus) He worked day and night, making himself near-sighted. He wished to travel all over the world, thereby studying customs of other countries.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十七,现在
15、分词独立主格结构：当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时 Weather permitting, well go to the Summer Palace tomorrow. The speaker sitting in the back, we cannot hear a word. (Sitting in the back, we cannot hear a word.),动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十八,Ving的被动语态 being Ved Being heated, the irons turns redder and redder. After having been tr
16、eated the water can be used for raising fish.,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)十九,V+ing固定用法 1. There is no +Ving. 不可能 There is no getting along with him. There is no joking about this matter. 2. It is no use/good/point +Ving 没有用 Its no use sitting up too late. Its no good quarreling with her. 3. be worth doing 4.
17、be busy doing,动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)二十,5. feel like doing 想. would like to V 6. What (How) about +Ving .如何？ What (How) about having a short break now? 7. spend +time + (in) +Ving Jane spent several days (in) preparing for the final exam. 8. have difficulty(trouble, a problem, a good(hard) time , fun) +(
18、in) +Ving They have difficulty in communicating with each other. 9. It is difficult/hard/nice/funny +Ving It is extremely difficult getting everything ready in such a short time.,过去分词 Ved,1. 作表语: The glass is broken. 有些动词，它们的Ving和Ved都可当形容词，但意义与用法不同，Ved当形容词，表示“人感到(或对)怎么样”，Ving 当形容词，表示“事物本身让人感到怎么样” Im
19、 interested in the book. The book is very interesting.,过去分词 Ved,2. 作定语 The liberated people have become maters of the country. People believed that sea water contains every natural element known. 注意： 1) 作定语时不定式、现在分词、过去分词的区别： 现在分词作定语表示正在进行或经常性动作或现状 Give the application to the man sitting at the desk.
20、 The room facing south is our bedroom. 2) 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动词之前发生 The rider injured in the traffic accident was taken in the hospital. 3) 不定式作定语表示一个将来的动作 You are invited to a party to be given at our university at 6:30 p.m. July 3.,过去分词 Ved,3. 作状语 Built in 1778, the building is one of the oldest ones i
21、n that area. Caused much sorrow to her, she became quite dispirited recently. Encouraged by the success of writing the book, he decided to continue composing another one. All things considered, his graduation thesis is of great value than mine. (独立主格结构) Her eyes filled with tears, she did not notice
22、 his coming. (独立主格结构),练习,We shall appreciate from you soon. A. being heard B. hearing C. to hear D. having been heard John suggested anything about it until they found out more facts. A. Not to say B. saying not C. to say not D. not saying,I dont remember . A. Ever to be saying B. to have ever said
23、C. having ever said that D. ever said that No one avoid by advertisements. A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence D. being influenced,Susan was very unhappy for not to the party. A. To be invited B. having been invited C. inviting D. to have been invited He forgot about him to attend my wifes
24、birthday party. A. I asking B. my asking C. me to ask D. mine to ask,Would you mind the computer game in your room? A. him playing B. his playing C. him to play D. him play Dont risk the job which so many people want. A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. your life to lose,I dont think it is any use this
25、matter any further. A. discussing B. to discuss C. to discussing D. to be discussed In winter, animals have a hard time anything to eat. A. to find B. to finding C. to find out D. finding,You dont object you by your first name, do you? A.for me to call B. me to call C. to my calling D. my calling We
26、 look forward to to the opening ceremony. A. invite B. be invited C. having been invited D. being invited,She was sitting in an armchair a book. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. to have read anything about the accident, he went to work as well. A. Not know B. Know not C. Knowing not D. Not
27、knowing,They all returned to the village that the danger was over. A. convincing B. convinced C. to convice D. having convinced We kept our all night to frighten the wolves. A. burning fire B. burnt fire C. fire burning D. fire burnt,under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed s
28、hape. A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. To be seen John, the bet, had to pay for the dinner. A. lost B. having lost C. losing D. having loss, we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B. It being pretty late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pr
29、etty late,Pierre often makes himself by gesturing with his hands. A. to understand B. understanding C. to be understood D. understood She told me that it was the most gift her daughter had received. A. delighting B. delighted C. delights D. delight,My parents are with my progress. A. please B. pleas
30、ed C. pleasing D. being pleased The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person answers the questions. A. to be interviewed B. interviewing C. being interviewed D. interviewed,Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship with all kinds of goods. A. loading B.being loaded C. lo
31、aded D. having loaded Arriving at the bus stop, waiting there. A.he found a lot of people B. a lot of people were C. he found a lot of peoples D. people were found,tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep. A. Felt B. Feeling C. Being felt D. to feel Classes , the student
32、s left for home without delay. A. were over B. being over C. are over D. over,So many representatives ,the conference had to be put off. A. were absent B. to be absent C. being absent D. had been absent He walked across the meeting room everyone looking at her. A. with B. as C. while D. when,With th
33、e old man the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave. A. leading B. led C. lead D. to be led With the flowers everywhere, the park looks beautiful. A. to bloom B. blooming C. be blooming D. to be blooming,If you try to learn too many things at a time A B C you may get confusing. D He will face a possible prison term if finding A B C guilty on the shooting charges. D,Comparing with the weather of last winter, it A B is much milder and more pleasant this winter. C D,