1、小学英语语法一、 名词复数规则1 . 般情况下，直接力口 -s,女口： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2 . 以 s. x. sh. ch结尾，力口 -es,女口： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3 .以 辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,冉力口-es,女口： family-families, strawberry-strawberries4 .以“或fe结尾，变f或fe为v,冉加-es,如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：womanwomen,policewom
2、anpolicewomen,ToothteethJapaneseJapaneseChineseChinese,childchildrenfishfish,mousemicemanmen,Policemanpolicemen,footfeet,.Peoplepeople,二、 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的 功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2 .表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day我每天六点起床。3 .表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the su地球绕着
3、太阳转。一般现在时的 构成1 . be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)矶它。如：I am a boy我是一个男孩。2 .行为动词：主语+行为动词什其它)。如：We study English我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的 变化1. be动词的变化。否定何：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker他不是工人。一般疑问句： Be +主语 +其它。如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im
4、not.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 +一般疑问句。如： Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。否定句： 主语 + dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它 )。如： I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句： Do( Does ) +主语 +动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work
5、 by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 +一般疑问句。如： How does your father go to work?3. 动词 +s 的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s,如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2. 以 s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，力口-es,女口： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3. 以辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如：study-studies三、现在进行时1 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动
6、作， 也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2 .现在进行时的肯定旬基本结构为be+动ting. 如：I am watching TV.3现在进行时的否定句在be 后加not。如 : I am not watching TV.4 .现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be动词调到句首。如：Are you watching TV ?5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构 为：疑问词+ be + 主语+ 动词ing? 如： What are you doing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词 ing?如 : Who is singing there?动词加 ing 的变化规则1.
7、 一般情况下，直接加ing,如：cook-cooking2. 以不发音的 e结尾，去 e力口 ing, 如： make-making, taste-tasting3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母， 双写末尾的辅音字母， 再加 ing， 如： run-running, stop-stopping四、将来时1、概念： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时问状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ,soon, the day after tomorrow (后天)等。2、基本结构： be going to + do
8、 will+ do.3、否定句：在be动词(am, is, arR后加not或情态动词 will后加not成won i例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. f I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon 4、一般疑问句：be或will提到旬首，some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend. f Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?5、
9、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。(1) .问人。Who 例如：I m going to New York soon.f Wh6 s going to New York soon.(2) .问干什么。What do.例如：My father is going to watch a race with me thisafternoon. fWhat is your father going to do with you this afternoon.(3) .问什么时候。When.例如：She s going to go to bed at nine.fWhen is
10、toheed?ng6、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.五、一般过去时1 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。( yesterday, last year/week).2 Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：(l)am和is在一般过去时中变为 was。(was not=wasn)tare在一般过去时中变为 were。 (were not=weren t )带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am,
11、 are一样，即否定句在 was或were 后加not, 一般疑问句把 was或were调到旬首。3 句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn t +动词原形，如：Jim didn t ghoome yesterday.一般疑问句： 在句首加did ，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词 +动词过去式？如： Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1. 一般在动词末尾加-ed,
12、如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是 e力口 d,如：taste-tasted 3 末 尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，冉加-ed,如：stop-stopped4 .以辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,如：study-studied5 . 不规则动词的变化：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went,come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-san
13、g, put-put,make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew,ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat六、情景运用1 . 问路、指路Excuse me. Where s the, please?Go straight on. / Turn left. / Turn right.2 .询问对方正在做什么3.询问对方是否要吃某种食物4.询问对方的能力5.谈论将要做的事情What are you doing?What is he/she
14、 doing?What are they doing?Do you want someCan youI mHe s/She sTheyreYes, please.No, thank you.? Yes, I can.No, I cant.What are you going to do? I m/We re going to6.向别人要东西吃Can I have someYes, you can. Sorry, you cant.7. 介绍某人This is8. 谈论周一至周日将要做的事What will you do on Monday? I llon MondayWill you on M
15、onday?Yes, I will.No, I won t.9. 做天气预报It will be hot/cold/sunny/windy. It will snow/rain.10. 做比较如 : Sam is older than Daming.七、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词第一人称 第二人称第三人称人称代词：I我 we我们 you你 you你们 he他she她it它 they他们物主代词my我的 our我们的 your你的 your你们的 his他的 her她的its 它的 their 他们的宾 格 me我 us我们 you你 him他 her她 主格：Iweyousheheitt
16、hey宾格：meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词： myouryourherhisits名词性物主代词：mineoursyourshershisitsit 它 them 他们theirtheirs八、形容词和副词的比较级形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er 如： tall-taller, strong-stronger,(2) 双写最后一个字母，再+er 如：big-bigger, fat- fatter
17、3) 把 y 变 i ，再 +er 如：heavy-heavier, early-earlier(4) 不规则变化：如：well-better,much/many-more,九、缩略形式I m = I amdon t=do notcan t =can notyou re = you aredoesn t=does notisn t=is notshe s = she isit s = it iswe ll=we willhe s = he iswho s =who is十、情态动词can 引导的句型：表示有能力做某事can 后面的动词要用原形 。如 :1. What can you do?
18、 I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals.2. I can water the flowers.3. Can you make the bed? No, Ican t.4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.5. How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.重点词汇归纳：come backgo to schoolin a hurryshopping listhow muchin the afternoonthe British Mu
19、seum.the London Eyetoo manylast Sunday/night/yeargo to the parkwait forhalf a kiloat the weekendtake a photoBig Bengive outgo homehurry upmake a listhow many.in the morningtake photos the Great Wall be carefulplay footballrun fastby bus/plane/car/train/ship/bikehalf past sevenstand upon the farmgo o
20、utplay table tennisthree days agowatch TVforeign languagea Chinese teacher.English/ Chinese foodlibrary cardlook atin the west of Chinain the north of Chinaget updo morning exercisesall daysay hello tomany years agolive inhow about=what aboutstudy/work hard at school /.at homefind outhave /has gotin the south of Chinaevery year/daysit downplay chessof courseplay basketballten years agoa lot of=lots oftalk aboutan English teacherat the librarybe good atin the east of Chinasend an emaillista good idea
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