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1、虚拟语气时态倒退法虚拟语气-高考重点难点英语中虚拟语气就是通过时态的变化来体现的。我们试图从句子时态的改变来推论出虚拟的构成。只要同学理解了这一点就可以举一反三。掌握虚拟语气。,定义 :虚拟语气就是用来表示假设的,与事实相反或者不大可能实现的情况。主要通过动词时态的变化来体现。规则 :对于一个已经学过从句,又能正确使用时态的学生来说,掌握虚拟语气并不难。英语的虚拟语气就是将句子动词原本应该使用的时态向后退一步,以表示该句与事实相反。后退的方法如下:实际应用的时态 -退 -虚拟语气应用的时态现在时 -退 -过去时do-did现在完成时 -退 -过去完成时have done-had done一般过
2、去时 -退 -过去完成时did-had done一般将来时 -退 -过去将来时will-would过去将来时 -退 -过去将来完成时would-would have done情态动词Can, may, shall-could, might, should注 :在虚拟语气中不用 was,所有人称都用 were 、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 :1If I have money, I will lend it to you If I had money, I would lend it to you、 (主将从现、)第一句话没有使用虚拟法。对于两句的时态,表示我很可能会借您钱。第二句话使用了虚拟,正像
3、我们上面所讲的,一般现在时退到一般过去时,表示我不可能借您钱。用虚拟只就是一种委婉的说,一般将来时退到过去将来时。2、If I have time, I will go to see you、If I had time, I would go to see you、请注意比较上面两句话不同的含义与时态的变化。3、If I am you, I will buy that car、 (假设句)If I were you, I would buy that car、由于我不可能就是您 ,所以第一句话必须虚拟 ,因而第一句就是错误的句子 ,但我们可以从中瞧出时态的变化。为了方便理解在下面的例句中都会给
4、出一个假设句 ,但假设句只就是为了逻辑说明。在实际应用中就是不存在的 ,也就就是错的。4、 假设句:if it snows in summer, it will be great fun、虚拟句:if it snowed in summer, it would be great fun、如果夏天能下雪,那该多有意思。从句 :一般现在时 -退 -一般过去时snows-snowed主句 :一般将来时 -退 -过去将来时will be -would be虚拟语气时态倒退法题 :If there were no sun, the earth (would) not only be dark, it (
5、would) also become extreme cold、没有太阳就是不可能的,所以就是虚拟语气,对将来的虚拟退过去将来:will 退 would 、5、 假设句:if I brought my checkbook yesterday, I would pay by check、虚拟句: if I had brought my checkbook yesterday, I would have paid by check、,()过去时-退 -过去完成时Brought- had brought过去将来时-退 -过去将来完成would pay-would have paid6、 假设句: i
6、f I had your address in New York, I would call on you before I came back to China、虚拟句:if I had had your address in New York, I would have called on you before I came、如果我有您在纽约的地址,我回中国以前,就去瞧您了。从句:一般过去时-退 -过去完成时had- had had主句:过去将来时-退 -过去将来完成时would call on- would have called on题 : I didntsee your sister
7、 at the meeting, if she_, she would have met my brother、A. Has come B、 did come C、 came D、 had come表示对过去时间的虚拟,过去时退过去完成时, 过去将来时退过去将来完成时。7、 假设句:if you haven tfinished the homework by now, you will not be allowed to see the film this evening、虚拟句:if you hadntfinished the homework by now, you would not b
8、e allowed to see the film this evening、如果您到现在还没做完作业的话晚上就不让您去瞧电影了。从句 :现在完成时 - 退 - 过去完成时haven tfinished- hadntfinished主句 :一般将来时- 退 -过去将来时will be allowed-would be allowed时间交错:错综句:8、 假设句: if he took my advice, he will be a scientist、虚拟句: if he had taken my advice, he would be a scientist、如果她以前听我的建议,她将会成
9、为一个科学家。从句 :过去时 -退 - 过去完成时took-had taken主句 :一般将来时- 退 -过去将来时will be-would be9、 假设句:if you were there, the meeting might go smoothly、虚拟句:if you had been there, the meeting might have gone smoothly、如果您要就是在,会就会开的更顺利。从句 :过去时 -退 -过去完成时were-had been虚拟语气时态倒退法主句 : 去将来 - 退 - 去将来完成 might-might have gone注:情 的 倒退
10、的方法与一般 一 ,如 can, may 等情 可以把她瞧做将来 ,could, might瞧做 去将来时 ,could have done, might have done瞧做 去将来完成 。10、 假 句 :if there was more snow last year, we will have a good harvest this fall、虚 句 :if there had been more snow last year, we would have a good harvest、如果去年多下一点雪,今年秋天就会有个好收成。从句 : 去 -退 - 去完成 was-had bee
11、n主句 :一般将来 -退 - 去将来 will have -would have虚拟条件句中 if 的省略 :如果虚 条件句中有were, should或者 had done, 通常可将 were, should或 had 放在句首 ,if 可省略。Eg: if I had studied more, I would have passed the test、- Had I studied more, I would have passed the test、如果我多学 点 ,我就会通 考 。If I were in your place, I wouldn tsay so、- Were I
12、in your place, I wouldn tsay so、 如果我 在您的位置 ,我就不会 。题:1、 _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often、A. If it is not B 、 were it notC 、 had it not beenD 、 if they were not虚 条件句省略if 条件句必 倒装,因条件句就是 去 ,所以 退 去完成 。用介词短语表示虚拟条件:11 、 假 句:without your help, we will not be able to finish
13、 the work in time、虚 句:without your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time、没有您的帮助我就不能按 完成 工作。一般将来 -退 - 去将来 will not be-would not be12 、 假 句:But for his good education, he would not get the job、虚 句:But for his good education, he would not have got the job、幸 她受 很好的教育,否 不会找到那份工作的。 去将来 -退
14、- 去将来完成 would get-would have got在某些主语从句与条件状语从句中虚拟的用法:在 it is important, impossible, strange, vital, natural, essential, desirable, preferable, advisable, appropriate, surprising, sadthat 、的句型中,主 从句在英国英 中用should+ 原形。在美国英 中省略should 直接用原型。在 for fear that( 以防 、起 )引 的条件句中用法同上。虚拟语气时态倒退法在 unless, when, so
15、(as) long as, suppose, in case, on condition 引导的条件状语从句中也可用虚拟语气,用法同上。It is necessary that he (should) come on time to attend the meeting、她按时来出席会议就是必要的。It is natural that he (should) love Mary、 她爱玛丽就是很自然的事。He took an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain、她带了一把伞 ,以防天下雨。As long as my wife (should) get
16、 ready, we will go、只要我太太准备好了,我们就去。注:在 suggest, propose, demand, necessary, inquire, request, desire, insist, order, advise, agree等表示建议 ,要求 ,命令的动词后的宾语从句中 ,英国英语用 should+ 动词原形 ,美国英语省略 should 用原型动词。He insisted that we (should) get there on time 、 她坚持我们要按时到那。The dean proposed that the question (should) n
17、ot be discussed at once、系主任提议这个问题不要马上讨论。在 think, expect, believe 就是否定形式时 ,宾语从句可用虚拟语气,should+ 动词原型 , should 不可省。She said she never expected I should lend money to her、Were (was) to 有时在虚拟条件句中用were (was) 表示试探的口气。If you were (was) to do sth like that I would not marry you、如果您要做那件事 ,我就不会嫁给您了。Would have d
18、one, should have done上面两种用法也经常表示虚拟,意思就是本应该做而没有做的事情。Would 表示从客观上讲,而 should 表示从主观上讲。You would have taken taxi to come here 、 您本应该坐出租车来这儿。(没坐车 )If I had known she was rich, I should have married her 、 如果我知道她就是个富翁,我本该娶她。 (实际没娶她 )We _last night, but we went to the concert instead、A. Must have studied 、 B、 might study 、 C、 should have studied 、 D、 would studyShould (would) have done 表示过去本该做 ,而没有做的事情。重要提示 :掌握虚拟语气 ,最好的方法就就是记住在本该用的时态上向后退一步,即表示虚拟。现在时退过去时,将来时退过去将来时 ,过去时退过去完成时 ,过去将来时退过去将来完成时。这样,在虚拟语气中就不会再犯任何错误,即使遇上错综虚拟语气 ,也不会错。最后 ,记住几个特殊用法,虚拟语气就算基本掌握了。