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1、旅游资源的市场策略探析摘 要 “古色”旅游资源是赣州旅游资源的重要组成部分,本文在分析评价赣州“古色”旅游资源的基础上,通过对“古色”旅 游资源的产品设计、市场分析,阐述了赣州“古色”旅游的市场策略及形象塑造。 关键词 赣州;“古色”旅游资源;营销策略 “古色”旅游资源是相对于“绿色”旅游资源山林、草原、“红色”旅游资源革命历史遗存遗迹而言的,是指具有悠久的历史,能激发旅游者的旅游动机和旅游行为的古迹、遗址、民族风情、文化艺术等资源。 一、赣州“古色”旅游资源的分布及评价 赣州“古色”旅游资源包括两大部分,即宋城文化旅游资源和客家民俗文化旅游资源。 1.宋城文化旅游资源 宋城文化旅游资源由位于
2、赣州市章贡区的宋城和相关建筑景点如八境台、郁孤台等,及许多宋代建筑,如宋代古塔、古桥、古庙宇、衙署、学宫(书院、试院、儒学)等构成。 赣州作为目前保存宋代城墙建筑的全国历史文化名城,堪称独一无二。其宋代城墙,位于赣州市区北部章、贡两江岸边,全长3664米,宽约5米,平均高7米,是江南保存最长的古城墙,也是我国现存唯一的地面和地下保存完好的宋代城墙,有极高的历史、科学和艺术价值,为江西省重点文物保护单位。登上城墙,章贡合流、百舸竞发的美景尽收眼底。 赣州宋代古浮桥也为重要的宋城文化遗存。位于章水上的西津桥、南河浮桥(1985年西河人行桥建成后拆除)和位于贡水上的东津桥(即现在的建春门浮桥)三座浮
3、桥,从宋代开始建造,除战乱时偶有废止外,一直沿用到现代,对于城乡之间的交通发挥了巨大的作用。目前,仍保存了最长的一座建春门浮桥,此桥全长400米,共用了100只木舟,每3只木舟为一组,整座浮桥分为33节,每天都定时开启,以通行船只。这一古老的交通设施,在赣州沿用了900多年,构成了赣州特有的人文景观。 此外,赣州市古宋城文物保存完好。不仅城墙、城门、城楼、敌楼、马同、弩台、大街、小巷、桥梁、地下排水系统、护城河遗址、古迹方方面面都比较完备,而且宋城的江城防洪功能至今仍然有效,是了解我国防洪史的活教材。赣州宋城还是古代城市从单纯军事防御和防洪结合型向经济贸易型转变的一个佐证。 2.客家民俗文化旅
4、游资源 在赣州市众多的旅游资源中,客家民俗文化旅游资源是其重要特色之一,包含了建筑、民俗、民间艺术、饮食及客家迁徙历史的相关古代交通遗址等资源。 客家民间艺术有宁都道情、赣州灯艺、赣州采茶歌、采茶戏、兴国山歌、花篮灯等艺术形式;饮食资源有三杯鸡、小炒鱼、四星望月、蜜饯、丁香李、赣州市擂茶、春节腊货、薯食风味等;民俗礼节资源有筷礼、送果子包、穿木屐、婚娶仪式歌谣等。 客家文化旅游资源地域特色浓郁、类型丰富。改革开放以来,世界各地客家侨属回乡寻根,形成了极大的市场和旅游流,为客家文化的市场开发铺垫了道路。 二、基于“古色”旅游资源的产品设计 从以上分析可知,赣州“古色”旅游资源以宋城及客家文化为特
5、色。宋城系列旅游资源因其较大的典型性和代表性具有较强的竞争能力,并在全国范围内具有独特性。同时由于本地的客家文化源远流长,并且毗邻于客家集聚中心,具有较大的市场潜力。有鉴于此,本文进行“古色”旅游资源的产品设计。 1.宋城与宋文化观光游 这是最早被开发利用的旅游项目,自1994年举办“中国赣州宋城文化节”以来,至今已举办多届,积累了比较丰富的资料和经验。为进一步丰富活动的文化内涵,提高其品位,可作如下安排:古城寻踪游、古城风貌游、古赣州(章贡区)古迹游、通天岩石窟艺术游、宋文化名人探踪游、一江(赣江)二水(章、贡)游、古赣州辐射区的宋文化传播寻踪游。 2.赣州客家文化游 赣州地区是客家民系的孕
6、育之地,这里95%以上的人口属客家人,所以赣州地区对于客家不仅在语言、民俗习惯、建筑、饮食乃至民系心理的形成等方面,都是至关重要的。作为吸引境外游客、开发国际旅游市场,客家文化游是本地区最具潜在优势的旅游开发项目,且本地区资源丰富,特点突出,应充分重视。可开发的项目有:客家溯源寻根游、客家民居游、客家民俗游、客家生态文化游、客家文化绿色家园游、客家文化之源修学科研游等。 三、赣州“古色”旅游的市场分析 1.市场竞争分析 (1)宋城文化旅游资源的市场分析 宋城文化的外部竞争目的地有:河南开封、杭州宋城及主题公园以及香港宋城。其中河南开封为北宋首都,内涵丰富,底蕴深厚,但是目前城市格局及环境方面与
7、赣州有一定的差异。杭州为南宋的首都,同样具有较深厚的文化底蕴,尤其是以文化名人及西湖的影响,加之杭州的宋城主题公园的经营,扩大了其作为宋代文化代表的知名度。从知名度上,针对内地客源市场,两者对赣州宋城旅游的国内旅游市场具有较大的冲击,是赣州宋城文化旅游产品市场开发的重要竞争对象;但是两者在空间上相对赣州的主要目标市场距离较远;同时,相对两者而言,赣州的宋城城墙等现存宋代遗迹及与赣江的组合,是具有特色的竞争性旅游资源,通过宣传赣州宋城的特色而增强竞争力以及赣州对宋城旅游资源的深入开发,是可以在内地市场上获得成功的。香港宋城是一项较为成功的主题公园,但是其文化底蕴和真实性与赣州相比有较大的差距,虽
8、然对赣州吸引香港游客及境外游客有一定的冲击,但是赣州如果与之协作,能够对游客进行有效的分流和导流,则很可能转竞争关系为互补关系。 赣州市地域内古赣州(章贡区)的周边辐射区现存的宋代遗迹和文化遗存,是具有互补性的旅游资源,需要加强协作开发。尤其是对于可以组串成旅游线路的相关宋代文化旅游资源,如赣州市区内乃至江西省其他地区的丰富多样的宋代文化旅游资源,加强协作,开辟宋代文化历史旅游专线,做到双赢,共同发展宋文化旅游,乃至将此项产品推向国际市场。 (2)客家文化旅游资源的市场分析 与赣州客家文化民俗资源具有竞争性关系的地区有福建及广东地区。其中福建的客家民居开发已经形成较大的规模和有一定的国际知名度
9、,如永定的土楼在日本市场非常火爆。其中原因:一是福建客家围屋保存完好,如福建永安的安贞堡、永定的土楼等;二是福建土楼规模效应较好,永定土楼成群分布,给游客有一定的冲击力;三是福建客家民居旅游开发成熟。 然而,福建、广东与赣州是相毗邻的客家民俗旅游资源分布区,对于本地客家民俗开发是有互补作用的,应该加强协作。 2.赣州“古色”旅游市场细分 (1)境外市场客源细分 一级市场:港澳地区,目前占市场份额65%。 二级市场:台湾地区,目前占市场份额30%。 其他市场:外国人占市场份额4.9%,华侨占市场份额0.1%。 (2)内地市场地理细分 一级市场:江西、广东,占市场份额86%。 二级市场:湖南、湖北
10、、上海、福建、江苏、浙江,占市场份额10%左右。其他市场:其他地区,占市场份额不足4%。 (3)内地市场旅游目的细分 调查结果表明: 一级市场:旅游观光,占市场份额66%。 二级市场:度假和探亲访友,占市场份额17%。 其他市场:包括商务、会议、交流及专业访问、健康疗养、宗教朝圣及其他,占市场份额不足17%。其中,商务旅游及会议旅游应该成为未来逐步成长的市场。 四、赣州“古色”旅游的市场策略 1.境外市场 境外市场营销,通过客家文化和宋城文化以及区内生态旅游资源的推出,继续维持和拓展以港澳同胞及台胞为主体的观光游客市场,重点发掘外国人市场,通过客家文化的感情纽带,拓展海外华侨市场。密切与国际旅
11、行社的协作。据有关专家推算,客家人在海外号称有1000万人,香港约有1/3的人口、台湾约有540万人口是客家人,这是一个十分巨大的市场。 2.内地市场 地理市场板块以观光及度假吸引本省游客;以客家文化、宋城资源及生态旅游资源吸引广东客源;以生态旅游资源辅助宋城文化及客家民俗文化资源,吸引湖南、湖北和华东市场客源。加强互补性旅游协作,加强旅游宣传。 五、赣州“古色”旅游的形象塑造 1.宋城文化旅游的形象塑造 (1)强调宋城城墙及体系完整的独有性特征,营造观赏宋城格局的旅游景点和环境。 (2)在旅游环境与旅游项目建设上狠下功夫,达到环境优美、整洁、安静、舒适。以国家优秀旅游城市为标准,加强绿地、花
12、坛、古树、名木、市花、市树保护培植,形成特色,扩大旅游者活动空间,并逐步向疗养、休憩、会议旅游方向发展,在峰山和陡水湖等地建疗养、休闲地。 (3)加快以宋文化为内涵的赣州章贡区城市游憩商务区的建设。 (4)城市识别标志以宋城为核心内容。 2.客家民俗文化旅游的形象塑造 (1)规范开放客家民居旅游目的地,以建筑民俗及村落形象为展示基质,以生活民俗、生产民俗、婚育民俗等为展示活载体。 (2)以生态文化为主线发掘客家民俗文化旅游资源并设计相关产品。 (3)对重点开放的客家围屋内部进行整修,并逐步完善旅游服务设施。 (4)围绕客家迁徙线路,进行旅游形象宣传促销,包括沿宋代的古驿道等沿线的古建筑恢复及相
13、关客家文化的展示等,如大余梅关古驿道的建设,可以与客家文化传播相结合进行旅游开发。Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle
14、 around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fas
15、cinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were si
16、tting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unim
17、aginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they wou
18、ld just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do th
19、is, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon,
20、 with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. H
21、e hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no p
22、recipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than th
23、e cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearl
24、ess Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite t
25、he distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will
26、begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 27
27、0-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everythi
28、ng goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.