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1、11 high school English grammar, the first part of morphologyThe eleventh chapter is the pronounI. concept:? The pronoun is used instead of a noun phrase, according to its meaning, characteristics and function in a sentence is divided into: personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronou
2、ns, reflexive pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and pronouns and indefinite pronouns.Two. Relevant knowledge, fine point1. person pronoun1) the personal pronouns, numbers, and lattices of personal pronouns are shown in the following table.2) nominative and accusative pronouns are divided into. Usual
3、ly the nominative accusative as subject, object. Such as:I, like, table, tennis.Do, you, know, him?3) personal pronouns can also be. When is the. Such as:-Whos, is, knocking, at, the, door?-It s me.The 4 person pronouns) compared with other people or things after than, with nominative and accusative
4、 can. Such as:He, is, older, than, me.He, is, older, than, I, am.2. possessive pronouns1) the pronoun that represents all relations is called possessive pronoun. Possessive pronouns are divided into adjectives, pronouns and nounsPossessive pronouns are shown in the following table.2) the role of the
5、 main pronoun of an adjective is equivalent to an adjective, and can be used as an attribute in a sentence. Such as:Our, teacher, is, coming, to, see, us.This, is, her, pencil-box.3) noun possessive pronoun is equivalent to the role of a noun, can be used as subject, object and predicative in a sent
6、ence.Our, school, is, here, and, theirs, is, there. (subject)Is this - English-book yours (+)?- No., Mine, is, in, my, bag.Ive, already, finished, my, homework., Have, you, finished, yours.3. demonstrative pronounThe demonstrative pronouns include: this, that, these, those.1) this and these are gene
7、rally used to refer to things or people nearer or closer in time or space, that and thoseOf time or space, such as:This, is, a, pen, and, that, is, a, pencil.We, are, busy, these, days.In, those, days, the, workers, had, a, hard, time.2) sometimes that and those refer to the things that have been me
8、ntioned before, and this and these mean the followingThings, such as:I, had, a, cold., Thats, why, I, didnt, come.What, I, want, to, say, is, this; pronunciation, is, very, important, in, learning, English.3) sometimes, in order to avoid repeated nouns, that or those is often used, for example:Telev
9、ision, sets, made, in, Beijing, are, just, as, good, as, those, made, in, Shanghai.4) this stands for himself in the telephone language, while that stands for each other. Such as:Hello? This, is, Mary., Is, that, Jack, speaking?4. reflexive pronounIn English, it means myself, yourself, himself, ours
10、elves, you yourselves.Pronouns of equal significance are called reflexive pronouns, others are called self pronouns, and their forms are shown in table.? Reflexives can be as the object in the sentence, the predicate, the appositive.1) as the object, the receiver of the action is the generator of th
11、e action, the subject and object refer to the same personOr some people.He, called, himself, a, writer.Would, you, please, express, yourself, in, English?2) is.It, doesnt, matter.Ill, be, myself, soon.The, girl, in, the, news, is, myself.3) as the subject or object, person or I said.I myself washed
12、the? clothes. (=I washed the clothes (myself.) as the subject.)You should ask the teacher? himself. (asobject.)5. indefinite pronounsIs not a pronoun designating any particular noun, called an indefinite pronoun, which can be used as the subject and form in the sentenceLanguage, object and attributi
13、ve. Several commonly used indefinite pronouns are illustrated as follows:1) the difference between some and anySome is often used in affirmative sentences, and when some or several are used as adjectives, they can be followed by uncountable nouns + singular verbs; countable nouns + plural verbs.Look
14、? Of, the, students, are, Some, cleaning, the, library.Some, rice, in, the, bag, has, been, sold, out.Any is used in interrogative, conditional and negative sentences. When they are used as adjectives, they can be followed by uncountable nouns + singular verbs;Countable noun + plural verb.If, you, h
15、ave, any, questions, please, ask, me.There, isnt, any, orange, in, the, bottle.Have, you, got, any, tea?Any and some can also be used as pronouns, which means some. Any is often used in interrogative or negative sentences, and some is used in affirmative sentences.How, many, people, can, you, see, p
16、icture, in, the? - I, cant, see, any.If, you, no, money, have, Ill, lend, you, some.Note: some, something, any, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody, in affirmative, negative, interrogative, and conditionals use roughly the same as some and any.2) the difference in usage between few, a, few,
17、 little, a, littleUsed as an adjective:?Usage? yes, yes.? Yes, yesUsed of countable nouns. A few, although few, but several? Few, not much, almost noneUsed of uncountable nouns? A, little, although little, but one point? Little is not much, nothingIm, going, to, buy, a, few, apples.He, can, speak, o
18、nly, a, little, Chinese.There, is, only, a, little, milk, glass., in, the,.He, has, few, friends.They, had, little, money, with, them.A, little and little can also be used as adverbs. A little means a little bit, a little, and little means very little.Im, a, little, hungry. (modifier, adjective, hun
19、gry)Let, him, sleep, a, little. (modifier verb, sleep)Mary, go, a, little, faster, please. (modified adverbs)She, slept, very, little, last, night.3) the difference between other, the, other, another, others, the, others.By the law?Pronoun? Adjective? Singular? plural? singular? plural?Uncertain? -
20、anotherAnother? - others?Other people, other people? Another? (boy)Another boy (boy)? Other? (boys)Other boysSpecific? - the, otherAnother one? The others?The rest of those people, objects,., the, other (boy)Another boy? - the other (boys)The rest of the boysOther can be used as an adjective, follow
21、ed by singular or plural nouns, which means other and noOf.Where, are, his, other, books?I, havent, any, other, books, except, one., this,.Other can also be used as a pronoun, and used in conjunction with article the to form the other, which means another in two persons or objects. Often paired with
22、 one to form one,., the, other. sentence patterns.He, has, two, brothers., One, is, 10, years, old, the, other, is, years, old.She, held, a, ruler, in, one, hand, and, an, exercise-book, in, the, other.When other is used as a pronoun, there may be plural others, which refers to another person or thi
23、ng. Often paired with some to form some., others. sentence pattern.Some, went, to, the, cinema, others, went, swimming.This, coat, is, too, large., Show, me, some, others, please.The others means a particular person or thing within a given scope.We, got, home, by, oclock, but, the, others, didnt, ge
24、t, back, oclock., until, 8,.In, our, class, only, Tom, is, English, the, others, are, Chinese.Another can be used as an adjective, modify the latter noun, mean another, and also refer to pronoun one.You, can, see, another, ship, in, the, sea, cant, you?Mary, doesnt, want, to, buy, this, skirt., Woul
25、d, you, please, one, show, her, another?The another can also be used as pronouns, said another.Im, still, hungry, after, Ive, had, this, cake., Please, give, me, another.4) the difference between every and each.Each? - every?1) can be used alone? 1) can not be used alone2) can be used as pronouns, a
26、djectives,.? 2) as adjectives only3) focus on individual,.? 3) focus on the whole, without exception4) each person or thing used in both or more than 4) for every person or thing of three or more than threeThe, teacher, gave, a, toy, to, child., each,.Each, ball, has, a, different, colour.When we sa
27、y each child, each student or each teacher, we think of a person. When we say every child and every student, we think of the whole situation, and the meaning of every is close to all, which means that they are all the same.Every, student, loves, the, English, teacher. = All, students, love, the, Eng
28、lish, teacher.Every, child, likes, playing. = All, children, like, playing.5) usage of all and both.All refers to something that is more than three, or must not count. A predicate verb can be used either singular or plural. In the sentence as subject, predicate, object, attributive and appositive.Al
29、l, of, US, like, Mr, Pope., we all like Mr. Pope. (subject)? = We all like Mr Pope. (C.)All, the, water, has, been, used, up. (subject)Thats all for today.? (predicative)Why, not, eat, all (of), the, fish?All, the, leaders, are, here.II. Both as pronoun.A. appears in conjunction with other nouns or
30、pronouns, indicating the two.Lucy, and, Lily, both, agree, with, us.They, both, passed, on, their, sticks, at, the, same, time.How, are, your, parents, Theyre, both, fine.B. and of + pronoun (or noun) used to mean both.Both, of, them, came, to, see, Mary.Both, of, the, books, are, very, interesting.
31、C. is used alone, which means both.Michael, has, two, sons., Both, are, clever.I, dont, know, which, book, is, the, better, I, shall, read, both.Both is used as an adjective. Before putting it on the noun, it modifies the noun, which means both.Both, his, younger, sisters, are, our, classmates.There
32、, are, tall, trees, on, both, sides, of, the, street.6. reciprocal pronounsThe pronoun that expresses mutual relation is called each other pronoun. There are two forms of mutual pronouns: each, other and one another. In Contemporary English, there is no difference between each other and one another.
33、 The relative pronoun can be used as the object and attribute in the sentence. As pragmatic, mutually possessive pronoun.We, should, learn, from, each, other / one, another. (as object)Do, you, often, write, to, each, other / one, another?We, often, borrow, each, others / one, anothers, books. (as a
34、ttributes)The, students, corrected, each, others / one, anothers, mistakes, homework., in, their,.(attribute)7. interrogative pronounsInterrogative pronouns include who, whom, whose, what, and which. Interrogative pronouns used in particular questionsQuestions are usually placed at the beginning of
35、a sentence and are used as part of a sentence in a sentence. Such as:Who, is, going, to, come, here, tomorrow?What is that (+)?Whose, umbrella, is, this?Whom, are, you, waiting, for?8. relative pronounThe relative pronoun is a clause and subordinating the pronoun. The relative pronouns are who, whos
36、e, whom, that, which. in the sentence can be used as the subject, predicate, object, attributive. In the main, they also represent the clause modifies the noun or pronoun. Such as:I, hate, people, who, talk, much, but, do, little.I m, looking, at, the, photograph, which, you, sent, me, with, your, l
37、etter.With, the, money, that, had, saved, he, he, went, on, with, his, studies.Do, you, know, the, lady, who, is, interviewing, our, headmaster?Three. Consolidation exercises1. Tom, Please pass the glasses. I want to read _ the newspapers.A., you, B., me, C., him, D., her2. The English novel is quit
38、e easy for you. There are new words in it. _A., a, little, B., little, C., a, few, D., few3. -You want sandwich _?-Yes?,我饿的时候通常吃很多东西。？其他？另一个？其他人？D.其他4。医生和护士正在尽力抗击非典。他们多为别人着想_。？他们？B？他们自己？D.他们吗？5。你更喜欢哪一个，一瓶橙汁还是一瓶牛奶？- _，谢谢。我想要茶？A？B？两个？D.没有？6。-哦！我匆匆忙忙地走，忘了带食物。？-从不介意。你可以有_。？我们？我们的？C？你呢？D.你？7。我能今天晚上还是明天早上
39、来？_？-是好的。我今天和明天都有空。？A？B？两个？D.没有？8。-你如何提高_这个词吗？-比上学期努力工作。？我们自己？我自己？他自己？D.你自己吗？9。“你能告诉我_她找的吗？-她的表妹，苏珊。？那个？谁的？谁？D.它吗？10。-是_这里吗？- No. Li Lei和Han Mei请假了。？大家？有人吗？有人吗？D.没有人吗？11。保罗_朋友除了我，有时他感到孤独。？很多？B一些？C？D.更多？12。如果你想订往返的票，你要支付30美元的_。？更多？其他？另一个？D.另一个？13。王先生，你自己一个人住吗？-是的。我有两个儿子。但_他们与我的生活。他们现在在美国学习？什么也没有？两个？没
40、有？D.要么？14。你有没有给你父母发邮件告诉他们你平安到达了？他们_号-可以使用电脑。？没有？两个？C？D.所有？15。谁教_上学期英语吗？是_史米斯先生？你？你；他？你的？你的那个；那个16。那个女人右手里有个包。在她_手里拿的是什么？另一个？其他？一个？D.其他17。我们决定去与_一些朋友实地考察。？我们？我们的？我们的？D.自己？18。有去动物园的公共汽车吗？-恐怕有_公共汽车来到动物园。？没有？什么？一些？D.没有？19。你忘了带字典？你可能_。？我？B我的？我的？D.我自己吗？20。这是_课堂。_在哪里？A.？我们？他们？我们；他们？我们的？他们的？我们的；他们的四。答案？1、16、D 2、B 4、C 3、B 5、B 6、B 7、8、D 9 C 10 a a 11 C 12 D 13 A 14 C 15 a B 17 C 18 C C 19 C C