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1、管乐器演奏的呼吸与音色（The breath and timbre of a pipe instrument）A, XiongshihuxiTwo, abdominal breathingThree, thoracic and abdominal breathingFour, on the airFive, on the exhaleSix, gas and lip, larynx, oralSeven, Qi and tonguePipe cannot breathe like stringed instruments without bow. Both breathing and bow
2、are laser power, so that the lips, reed or string vibration. Therefore, from the entire play art, sound accurate, beautiful sound, lip and tongue (tongue) techniques are closely related to the musicians breath. The breath is not in daily life under the awareness of physical exercise and it need to u
3、se human consciousness to control. The physiological movement of the unconscious, is that this natural phenomenon is rooted in a breath of the human body, is born will be others, without human action, do not have this phenomenon under the manipulation of the nervous system to make sense of what the
4、extra effort, breathing action can instinctively continue. While playing a pipe measuring hand suction, development in natural breathing basis, is an acquired with high skill training. Is the art of breathing. This breathing is caused by brain innervation of respiratory organs, is a kind of consciou
5、s breathing exercise, for example, the length of the breath and depth, to play sound and artistic performance requirements, and vary with the level of sound intensity, but also according to the different phrase length and mood adjust. Therefore, to grasp and use the correct fuel sub suction, is one
6、of the important contents of music teaching basic skills.About the importance of breathing and mastery of it, is the source of the gas in the traditional Chinese opera singing, like setting up root and gas field research, to the lower abdomen, gas between the economic many incisive treatise on breat
7、hing. The Tang Dynasty Yuefu for recorded in the soup will transfer its first singer gas exploration group since the economy and so on many statements also talked about control and use of breath, leaving a very important breath on the theory for our heritage.Music and vocal music in the same breath
8、on the use and control principle, discusses the related breathing problems in instrumental breathing problems we study at the same time should also learn from singing in order to enrich our teaching and research. This article is from previous experience and through their years of teaching and practi
9、ce, summed up some.Respiratory organs: lung, trachea, thoracic, two ribs and two suction and called control group call, muscles, abdominal muscles suction, root diaphragm etc. When people breathe, gas first advanced into the nasal cavity, then through the throat and trachea and bronchus to the lungs
10、, then the two rib natural expansion, the diaphragm slightly sinking, on some visceral abdominal compression, showing belly bulge; exhale when the diaphragm relaxes rise, other parts of restitution, the baby was born when respiratory motion instinct continued.Pipe breathing is established on basis o
11、f natural breathing, wind instruments each century Guitarists by playing their own practice. Summarizes the different types of breathing patterns, physiological essence of these types often are breathing dominant respiratory organs to determine. In the book, pointed out that there are three main for
12、ms of breathing,Namely: chest, melon type (also called diaphragm type), thoracic and abdominal breathing mixture. These three kinds of breathing patterns have their own individual characteristics, so for every breath form should be studied, compared with each other, to clarify its advantages and dis
13、advantages. Naturally, on which a breathing pattern is the most scientific, more suitable for wind instruments played, the standard should be based on whether the use of a strong respiratory muscle, muscle power consumption and do the least of the entire body caused by the tension of the most mild,
14、and can easily obtain the required the musical instruments playing on the air. Here we have to this standard to form the analysis of three kinds of breathing.Eight, gas and airThe player must fully grasp the breathing skills, certain rules in the playing process must also comply with the characteris
15、tics of ventilation, breathing is to strictly seriously subject to phrase structure. When playing, how to calculate the gas, to play music, but where the ventilation design in advance. In the air, to try to take care of the phrase fluency, as it is read according to the punctuation to pause. Therefo
16、re we can say that when playing the destruction of unity is not suitable, the same reading or talking is not allowed in the half sentence pause or a few words are not the same.No pause between some music phrases, then use a sound ventilation duration shortened to ventilation. If the previous sound d
17、oes not shorten the breath, it will be a sound after the ventilation accounted for time allowed.To determine the correct tune pause is very important for those who play. Because the music structure of the natural discontinuity, performance can not only enhance the performance, at the same time is th
18、e most appropriate time sequential ventilation. In the study of ventilation problems at the same time should also pay more attention to how to dispose of surplus gas. The so-called residual gas, that is when a player play a piece of music is left in the lung after leaving some residual gas, and the
19、remaining residual in the lungs due to retention in the lung have a long time into carbon gas. If not it will be discharged not only caused difficulties in ventilation, but also has influence on the players health. Some people suggested that because the remaining surplus gas, why not start smoking l
20、ess. The reason is the different register pipe, pressure to different efforts need to have a certain amount of breath sounds, and the strong pressure and require considerable volume to ensure that this problem is reflected in the oboe is particularly significant and important. Because of the oboe. E
21、ach breath of air in the lungs due to a narrow can not be completely discharged, therefore, ventilation should be more than the breath out, otherwise it will be because of the lungs stranded not too many fresh air and gas carbonate content in the blood increased, causing fatigue and shortness of bre
22、ath. At the same time also should immediately relax in the air over the spit moment muscles, the fatigue recovery of lip muscle, respiratory muscle and finger muscles are beneficial. The problem of residual gas is also reflected in other instruments, although not like playing the oboe so directly in
23、fluence the performance, but the residual gas retention in the lungs more or less problems. But the residual gas in the process of playing a long time if not at the right time will it breath, also will affect the performance. Only call to get comfortable thoroughly,At this point we have experience i
24、n daily life (human respiratory cycle, inhaled oxygen and exhaled gas exhaled carbon, not is impossible to fill, call the more thoroughly absorbing more substantial, especially when people are tired, big sigh after the body will relax, inhale it will immediately comfortable, reduce fatigue). This pr
25、inciple can be applied in the process of playing. The player can psychologically and mentally keep relaxed, and rationally control breath, can guarantee that he continues to gain new strength.In addition, there is a special method of ventilation technique called air circulation, namely the use of re
26、sidual gas in the mouth being through the cheek muscle tone to the small gas will maintain sound in continuous extrusion, squeezing out gas moment with the nose breathing, the air blowing long continuously to create a continuous uninterrupted the performance effect. This ventilation method in our na
27、tional pipe long playing musical instruments, have long been using. While the western instrument is used in recent decades, and it is not common, and even some instruments have not yet adopted. The reason is due to a variety of musical instruments playing type has its unique requirements, the demand
28、 for gas flow when playing is not, therefore, if used improperly, will naturally affect the sound and tone changes caused by continuous.Nine, gas and soundNo matter what kind of breathing form, what kind of ventilation method, the purpose is to make musical sounds, it is often said that the tone. Th
29、e timbre is commonly interpreted as sound color, that is to say the sound itself with emotion. For good tone, many of which are playing the sound taste and tone hearing, exactly is decided by art appreciation and art of hearing. Intonation and rhythm also has a great deal of timbre and the performan
30、ce, come to nothing inaccurate and unstable sound and rhythm will make any play to achieve the effect of.Have a good sound without a good sound quality that is not. In addition to the selection of good quality training objective conditions, namely the musical instrument, the flute head, mouth, reed,
31、 and subjective efforts, namely scientific breathing exercises. Breathing exercises are divided into two kinds, one is a helper, to help strengthen the respiratory muscles, chest, abdomen, diaphragm development, strengthen the blood circulation, and improve the overall vitality of the whole body exe
32、rcise. The practice in breath out and talked about in chapter of abroad.Ten, to introduce two kinds of practice:The swift and full of deep breathing, practitioners should do when playing the mouth, lips after gap such as Fu (husband) the sound of the air flow smoothly and uniformly exhaled, practice
33、 the inspiratory and expiratory, flutist Ying Youyi self supervision process, that is to say through practice, inspiration the increasingly shortened, it will gradually increase and exhale. For example, began to breathe the breath to 1 seconds and can only continue in 10 seconds, after becoming a se
34、cond to last 20 inspiratory expiratory duration to 30 seconds, or even longer, the number of seconds the formula for value self supervision practice is very suitable, it can have a real concept the player on the respiratory organ development degree.In order to enhance the players breathing organs, y
35、ou can also do some sports, such as sit ups can strengthen the muscles of the abdominal wall,Running, swimming can comprehensive training and development in all parts of the respiratory muscles, increase vital capacity. Another type of exercise is carried out in the instrument. Because of the compre
36、hensive process of sound, can not only strengthen and develop respiratory muscles but also help enhance the lip muscle to obtain sweet sound. This exercise is to play a variety of system dynamics the continuants (long sound). Long sound development practice is the players breath. Mouth, sound (sound
37、 head) and the voice of the universal practice. This practice should be long-term training every day, so that they can successfully help overcome some difficulties when playing. Especially the development of respiratory and mouth closely with long playing exercises for beginners to start from the ea
38、sy vocal register, practice requires only blow out the sound of uniform and smooth. Keep the volume (MF) can be strong. Dont pursue a trembling voice at random. After the preliminary master playing the mouth and the correct breathing method, you can gradually expand the range of practice. However, p
39、layers only master a sound intensity to play music is not possible to fully represent the image of music, if the painter to use color changes to depict a riot of colours and the guitarist playing music first to create musical sound of various dynamics, the sound has uniform, clear voice soft, brilli
40、ant, vibrant enthusiasm, mastering these means to players according to their own understanding of play with perfect tone tone. With the sounds to create expressive language of music to make music image diversification. This also in the long sound for a variety of efforts to change practice. This exe
41、rcise before you had better be prepared, the first sigh like the air exhaled immediately inhale, which can make the atmosphere get deep and full, each long sound without ventilation for breath. Control of sound intensity to change depends on the atmosphere. As for the length of time. According to th
42、e actual ability of players, gradually increase the playing time. The important point is: how much gas is needed to decide according to the sound, to make every minute in the air, in line with the requirements of the voice, the following specific training methods:1. long tone (f) practice pronunciat
43、ion (sound head) to have the strength to breathe air, flow faster, breath to keep steady, the blown long sound full, strong and powerful.2. weak long tone (P) exercise: blowing spit sound to light, exhaled air is small, the corresponding velocity is slow, the pronunciation is weak, but the smell sti
44、ll requires steady, not lax; gas is suddenly more and less, so as to make the blown voice soft and clear.3. long on the crescendo decrescendo (pp) exercise: by gradually strong soft play, then fade down to forte. It is mainly rely on the control of breath to complete, the size of the air flow veloci
45、ty and speed to change the sound intensity, with the intensity of oropharyngeal cavity to enhance and expand space, and narrowed with weakened4. long on strong weak again after the sudden crescendo diminuendo (sfppp) practice. When blowing spit force is greater than the power of playing voice,Play t
46、he special Forte breath should immediately control the head to play piano, so that we can get the times strong to process weak sound effects, then gradually weak crescendo to forte and disappeared down.Huan played above these exercises must pay attention to the following points:1 do not obsessed wit
47、h the sound and play has been extended indefinitely to breath consumed, not completely rely on lip muscle pressure to keep the sound, this is not only for the player is not healthy, but also make the play sound stiff, unstable.2 when playing attention to intonation, in order to prevent the running p
48、layers can advance to their inner musical auditory pitch, then need to imagine playing in the ears to determine whether high or low, and adjusted the proper coordination of two lip and respiratory is play a significant role.In addition, in addition to practice a variety of efforts of long sound, pla
49、yers can also play with some slow music. Pipe with other instruments, express certain feelings through a variety of sound sound. The sound is the Teaser means. Love must be expressed by means of sound. Therefore, only by practicing in the musical based on the play to make the perfect tone, create artistic effect.