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1、大学英语四级语法 大学英语四级语法精要 大学英语 语法精要 2 动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等) 1. 时态 1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. Ive been writing letters for an hour. Ive been sitting in the garden. 2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 Id been working for some time when he called. W
2、e had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another months time shell have been studying here for three years. 4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. I shall have finished th
3、is one before lunch. Theyll have hit the years target by the end of October. 2. 语态 1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: 3 He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有 assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppos
4、e,understand等. It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时
5、,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语. He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations. b) 宾补结构的被动语态: She was called Big Sister by everybody. Then he was made a squad leader. He was considered quite their visits.
6、5) Vt + O + adv Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their 是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉. a) Look out for cars when wrong. Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely qualified for the job. The room was always kept clean and tidy. 3. 短语动词 1) Vi + adv The plane
7、took off two hours late. 2) Vi + prep They looked round the Cathedral. 3) Vi + prep (有被动语态) Shes looking after her sisters children. The children were always well looked after. 4) Vi + adv + prep I began to look forward to children. The children were brought up by their mother. They took him on. 6)
8、Vt + adv + O (无被动语 态) I am trying to give up smoking. 7) Vt + O + prep We talked Donald into agreement. 4. 省略 1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语 4 crossing the street. When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects. While there he
9、 joined in voluntary labour on a project. Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support. If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful. Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity. This viewpoint, however understandable, is wiped out. She hurriedly left the r
10、oom as though/if angry. She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health. Fill in the application as instructed. Whenever known, such facts should be reported. The documents will be returned as soon as signed. He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young. Once having made a百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料、生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆! 10