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1、第四讲 定语从句(二),一、关系副词引导的定语从句,三个基本的关系副词,【特别提醒】,when, where既能引导限定性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句，而why通常引导限定性定语从句。,That is the day when he got married. That is the time when all of us lived together as a family. That is the factory where I used to work. That is the hospital where my son was born ten years ago. That is
2、 the reason why he was fired.,【用适当的关系副词填空】,表示原因的先行词一般只有reason一个。,表示时间的先行词除了time之外，还有：day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等；,表示地点的先行词除了place之外，还可以是desk, table, spot, room, house, school, street, town, country等。,【名师指津】,Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day wit
3、h my kids. 【2008山东高考】 A. who B. which C. whyD. when,【典题例证】,Ill give you my friends home address, I can be reached most evenings. （08北京卷） A. which B. when C. whom D. where,【典题例证】,Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (07全国I) A. then B. there C. while D
4、. where,【典题例证】,1.关系副词使用的几种变化,（1）关系副词通常也可以用“that+介词后置”代替或省略； （2）在正式文体中，也可以使用“介词+which”的结构。,That is the river where I used to swim. (关系副词) That is the river that I used to swim in. (that +介词后置) That is the river I used to swim in. (省略) That is the river in which I used to swim. (介词+which),【名师指津】,2.【介词
5、+which结构中的介词选择问题】,I still remember the time when (at which) I first became a high school student. There are several areas in the city where (in which) you can buy clothes in fashion.,（1）I saw the stamp of which my father was very proud. （2）Here is some money with which you can buy some books.,（3）The
6、re was nobody in the family to whom he could turn for help. (固定短语turn to sb. 向某人求助) （4）The play in which I played an important role was a great success. (to play a role in the play就不是固定短语。),Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. 【 2009陕西高考】 A. of which B. with which C. about
7、 which D. into which,I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 【2009浙江高考】 A. whichB. where C. how D. why,Lifeislikealongrace_wecompete withotherstogo beyondourselves. 【2009重庆高考】 A. why B. what C. that D. where,Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son
8、 who had gone missing two years before. 【2009四川高考】 A. that B. which C. where D. when,二、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,Tom is the only student who has been admitted to Harvard in my class. 汤姆是我们班唯一一个已经被哈佛大学录取的学生。,The principal, who was seated on my right, delivered an exciting speech. 校长发表了一个令人振奋的演讲，当时他就坐在我右边。,【限定
9、性与非限定性定语从句的意义区别】,The old man has two sons who serve in the army. 老人有两个当兵的儿子。 The old man has two sons, who serve in the army. 老人有两个儿子，都当兵。,非限定性定语从句有时可以像一个并列句，例如： He has a walk after dinner every evening, which is good for his health. = He has a walk after dinner every evening, and this is good for h
10、is health. He likes reading books, which I am delighted to hear. = He likes reading books and I am delighted to hear that.,非限定性定语从句还可以从意义上像一个状语从句，表示原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等。例如： The new engineer, who has read the instructions, failed in the project.,【归纳总结】,【非限定性定语从句的引导词的问题】,一般来说，除了关系代词that和关系副词why，其他定语从句的引导词均
11、可以引导非限定性定语从句。例如： His speech, which inspired everyone, was well received. A student, who was admitted to an ordinary university, was greatly disappointed. The cinema, whose roof was damaged in the storm, will be brought down. They will fly to New York next Friday, where they have planned to stay for
12、a few weeks. You can come next weekend, when the books will be ready for you.,as和which在引导非限定性定语从句时的相同点和区别： (1)相同点：as和which都可以指代整个句子的内容。 The meeting was put off，which/as was exactly what we wanted. 这次会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。,as、which 引导的非限定性定语从句,(2)不同点：as引导的从句既可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后，主从句没有前后逻辑关系，常表示“正如”；而which引导的从句只
13、能位于主句后，主从句常有一定的因果关系或前后顺序，常表示“这一点”，相当于and this或and that。,Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 As everyone knows，all that glitters is not gold. =All that glitters，as everyone knows，is not gold. =All that glitters is not gold， as everyone knows. 众所周知，并不是所有发光的东西都是金
14、子。,三、定语从句使用的注意事项,【1. 分析成分的能力和意识】,Mr. Goodman has to be away on business on Feb. 8th, _ happens to be his wifes birthday. A. which B. when C. that D. on which,Last Sunday, we visited the Lincoln Memorial,_,of course, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A. which B. where C. that D. it,(
15、1)如果空白后面紧跟着动词的，明显缺少的是主语。,(2) 及物动词后必然有宾语，即如果及物动词后面没有宾语，先行词就是作动词的宾语。,The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. 【2008江苏高考】 A. whichB. what C. that D. where,(3) 不及物动词后没有宾语，在不缺少主语的情况下，先行词则通常作状语等成分。,- Is that the small town you often refer to?
16、 - Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what,(4)介词后面通常要跟宾语，如果介词后面没有宾语，则先行词通常作这个介词的宾语。,-Do you have anything to say for yourselves? -Yes，theres one point _ we must insist on Awhy Bwhere Chow D/,【并列连词的陷阱】,Tom has two brothers, both of whom love sports.
17、Tom has two brothers and both of them love sports.,简单的并列连词：and, but, so, or, yet,【way意为“方式，方法”，作先行词时的关系词的选择问题】,（1）用“介词+which”引导定语从句；例如： I dont like the way in which you speak to your mother. （2）用that引导定语从句；例如： I dont like the way that you speak to your mother. （3）省略关系词；例如： I dont like the way you sp
18、eak to your mother.,【介词+关系副词的问题】,Look over there! some people are standing on the top of the building, _ you can enjoy the view of the whole city. A. where B. from which C. where D. from where,【介词+关系副词的问题】,5. 先行词为“time” 时，引导词的选择,（1）time 意为“次数”时，定语从句常用that 引导。 （2）time意为“时期，一段时间”时，定语从句常用when, during which, at which 等引导； Its the first time (that) Ive been here. Ill never forget the time when/ during which we played together.,6. 分隔式定语从句,6. 分隔式定语从句,