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1、Grammar,直接引语和间接引语,Direct and Indirect Speech,(1)John said：“I like reading novels.” (2)John said that he liked reading novels. 直接引语: 间接引语:,直接引述别人的话.,用自己的话转述别人的话. 它构成宾语从句.,Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1),转述他人的陈述陈述句, She asked me what I was doing.,1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.”, He said th
2、at he was going to Beijing.,2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.,3) She said , “What are you doing?”,2. 转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1. 注意人称变化 2. 注意时态的变化,7. 注意语序的变化,3. 注意指示代词的变化,4. 注意时间的变化,5. 注意地点的变化,6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化,如何变人称,口诀： 一随主。二随宾，第三不变,He
3、said he,played football,was playing,had played,had played,would play,had played,attention:,There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in indirect speech.,When direct speech is about: a) 不变的真理 b) 历史事件 c) 格言/引用语 d) 有具体的过去年月日 e） 经常的习惯 f）部分情态动词，如 must，ought to, used to had better 等。
4、g）过去完成时；过去进行时；一般现在时,Try to change direct speech into indirect speech :,He said that the earth goes around the sun.,He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.,He said that Rome isnt built in a day.,Tom said he was born in July, 1978.,如何变句型, He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that
5、 he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.,一：陈述句 间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句，that在口语中 常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可 用told来代替,注意可以说said that,told sb. that， said to sb. that, 不可直接说told that,1.陈述句解题步骤:,“I d
6、ont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,二：一般疑问句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are i
7、nterested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序,2.选择疑问句,He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,2.一般疑问句解题步骤: Is it
8、easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,(it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.),asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,三：特殊疑问句,He said to me，“Whats your name?
9、” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,间接引语应改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序），主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，,3.特殊疑问句解题步骤： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ),They a
10、sked him,When,you harvest the wheat,(you harvest the wheat.),he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,四：祈使句间接引语应改为“tell（ask,order,beg等）sb (not) to do sth”句型。,五：以“lets”开头的祈使句 变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）” He said,lets go to the movie. he suggested going to the movie.或 he suggested tha
11、t they should go to see the movies.,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next
12、 month,here,there,come,go,Bring,take,borrow,lend,如果在当天转述，时间状语也可不变。 Mr. Black said, “I visited the Great Wall last year.” Mr. Black said that he had visited the Great Wall last year. 地点和方向性动词的变化 here there come go 如果在当地转述，地点状语也可不变。 He said, “I will come here this evening.” He said that he would come
13、here this evening. (同时同地引述),Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:,1. Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home. 2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows. 3. The girl
14、 said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.,4. Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters. 5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her. 6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her. 7. “ When sha
15、ll we go back home?” Anne asked her father. 8. “ Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne.,Exercises:,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finis
16、h that work.,He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.,Tom said that he would see me the next week.,4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 5. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.,The teacher asked me why I was late a
17、gain.,His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”,My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking t
18、hrough the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I
19、 walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ af
20、raid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She
21、 asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend
22、 your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _ the sun
23、_ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,She said, I am very happy to help you. She said that she was very happy to help you. He asked me, Do you like playing football? He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. My teacher asked me, Dont laugh. My teacher asked me
24、 not to laugh. The captain ordered, Be quiet. The captain ordered us to be quiet. He said, “What are you going to do tomorrow?” He asked me what I was going to do the next day. He said, I havent seen her today. He said that he hadnt seen her that day.,Lets play a game!,She asked Jack, “Will you come
25、 here this afternoon?” She asked Jack whether / if he would go there that afternoon. The yeacher said to us,” The moon moves around the earth”. The teacher said to us that the moon moves around the earth. “ Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue n
26、otebook.,把下列句子变为直接引语或间接引语。 “I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom. 2. “Is your father kind to you?” she often asks me.,She often asks me whether / if my father is kind to me.,Tom said that he didnt want to go there with Alice.,3. Mother asked me what I was going to be when I grew up. 4. “I h
27、ave to study hard to make progress,” the girl said to her friend. 5. “When will you go back to work?” Mr. Smith asked.,Mr. Smith asked me when I would go back to work.,“What are you going to be when you grow up?” Mother asked me.,The girl told her friend that she had to study hard to make progress.,Goodbye!,