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1、如何进行概要写作,1,如何进行概要写作,2,rear-ending 追尾,run off the road,crash into tree,crash into house,turn over,Traffic accidents are dangerous.,如何进行概要写作,3,Reasons:,Speeding Tired driving Drunk driving Careless driving Using cell phones while driving .,?,如何进行概要写作,4,Topic: Using cell phones while driving,1. Its a d
2、angerous distraction to drivers.,2. It should be forbidden.,Para 2: Argument (论点) 1,Para 3: Argument (论点) 2,Para 4:,Suggestion,Para 5:,Conclusion,Tip1: Structure is a guide to find the main points,Para 1: Viewpoint (观点),如何进行概要写作,5,Para1 Cell phones are used everywhere, but on the road they are a dan
3、gerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.,a fact,a viewpoint,Para 1: Viewpoint,Tip2: The viewpoint of an argumentative writing （议论文）should be included in a summary.,如何进行概要写作,6,Point1：Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.,Main points
4、 of the summary,如何进行概要写作,7,1. Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers.,Para 2: Argument (论据) 1,using a,not using a,on the phone,on the road,unpredictable,careful,Its dangerous.,Its safe.,Drivers using a phone were 4 times more likely to have an accident than those not usi
5、ng.,Drivers,Attention,Driving,Result,(Support),如何进行概要写作,8,Point1：Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.,Point2：Drivers using a cell phone were 4 times more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone.,Main points of the summary,如何进行概要
6、写作,9,Para 3: Argument (论据)2,2. Cell phones used on the road should be forbidden.,at least 1,000 deaths per year,against the law and strictly enforced,laws are need to forbid the use of cell phones in cars,An example：,phones used by drivers,drunk driving,Similarly,（Support),如何进行概要写作,10,Point1：Cell ph
7、ones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.,Point2：Drivers using a cell phone were 4 times more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone.,Main points of the summary,Point3：Just like drunk driving, California need laws to restrict the use of ce
8、ll phones in cars.,如何进行概要写作,11,Q1：Before using a cell phone, what question should drivers ask themselves?,Para 4: Suggestion,Suggestion1：,Suggestion2：,Is this call really that important?,Yes.,No.,Drivers need to be more responsible when using cell phones.,Use a phone wisely,Not use a phone,（Support)
9、,如何进行概要写作,12,Point1：Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.,Point2：Drivers using a cell phone were 4 times more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone.,Main points of the summary,Point3：Just like drunk driving, California need law
10、s to restrict the use of cell phones in cars.,Point4：Drivers at least need to be more responsible when using cell phones.,如何进行概要写作,13,Para5 Cell phones can be a very important link in emergencies, but drivers need to use them wisely. As professional racer John Andretti says, “Driving safely is your
11、first responsibility.” The best road to safety is to just hang up and drive.,Para 5: Conclusion,a quote (引语),Tip3: A quote is usually used to support an idea and should be not included in a summary.,如何进行概要写作,14,Point1：Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be
12、forbidden.,Point2：Drivers using a cell phone were 4 times more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone.,Main points of the summary,Point3：Just like drunk driving, California need laws to restrict the use of cell phones in cars.,Point4：Drivers at least need to be more responsible when
13、 using cell phones.,Point5：Cell phones can be a very important link in emergencies, but drivers need to use them wisely. The best road to safety is to just hang up and drive.,如何进行概要写作,15,1. Cell phones used on the road dangerously distract the drivers and should be banned.,Skills: 1. 词性转换法 2. 近义替换法
14、3. 正话反说法 4. 语态互换法 5. 句式变化法,Skills of restatement(重述): “Point1” as an example,Point1：Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.,2. Using cell phones while driving dangerously draw away drivers attention and should not be allowed.,3. We should forbid u
15、sing cell phones on the road for their harmful distraction to drivers.,4. Drivers should be prevented from using cellphones while driving because they can be dangerously distracted.,并列句,复合句,简单句,6. 主语变身法,如何进行概要写作,16,Have a try: work in groups of 4 to create a good summary,Point1：Cell phones used on t
16、he road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.,Point2：Drivers using a cell phone were 4 times more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone.,Point3：Just like drunk driving, California need laws to restrict the use of cell phones in cars.,Point4：Drivers at leas
17、t need to be more responsible when using cell phones.,Point5：Cell phones can be a very important link in emergencies, but drivers need to use them wisely. The best road to safety is to just hang up and drive.,如何进行概要写作,17,2. No details in 4080 words,1. Cover the main points using your own words,4. No
18、 grammatical mistakes,5. No personal opinion,3. Use transitional words if possible,Learn to use the checklist: 4C+1O,如何进行概要写作,18,Using cell phones while driving can distract the drivers and should be baned. Drivers have a higher rate of accidents when use phones. Accidents are danger, which include
19、running off a road and crashing into trees, fences. Just like drunk driving, laws are needed to restrict the use of cell phones in cars. Drivers should use phones with greater responsibility for safe. In conclusion, cell phones are important in emergencies and should be used wisely. After all, we on
20、ly have one life at all. (89words),copy original words,To ensure safe driving, drivers had better not use them.,unnecessary details,no personal idea,Before laws are passed,Revise the version written by one of my students.,如何进行概要写作,19,Using cell phones while driving distracts drivers and should be ba
21、nned. Drivers have a higher rate of accidents when using phones. Just like drunk driving, laws are needed to forbid drivers from talking on phones. _, drivers should use phones in a more responsible way. _, cell phones are important in emergencies and should be used wisely. To ensure safe driving, drivers had better not use them.,In conclusion,My final draft of the summary,Before laws are passed,Transitional words 过渡语,(71 Words),如何进行概要写作,20,See You!,如何进行概要写作,21,此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！ 感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！,