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1、无机反应的颜色（The color of inorganic reactions）The breakthrough in identifying color of inorganic objects:1. Red world: (1) the ground Fe2O3 (mahogany), Fe (OH) 3 (red brown), Fe (SCN) 2 + (blood), Cu (purple), Cu2O (brick red), NO2 (red brown), P () of red phosphorus, wine, Br2 (dark brown), red litmus p
2、aper, magenta solution.(2) the excited state: the light that is filled with helium is pink, the lamp of neon is red, the flame of calcium is brick red.(3) chemical changes:Purple litmus reddened in acid solution (pH 5.0),Wet blue litmus test paper is red with acid (CO2, SO2, H2S, HCl).The phenolphth
3、alein is pale red in alkaline solution (8.2 pH 10),The methyl orange is red in acidic solution (pH 3.1),Methyl red is red in acidic solution (pH 4.4).In the pH test paper (yellow) the acid solution (pH 0.001 mol/L was red with methyl orange.2. Orange world(1) ground state: concentrated bromine water
4、, methyl orange reagent, Br2 (CCl4) is orange-red.(2) chemical changes: methyl orange in an acidic solution (3.1 pH 4.4) is orange and methyl red is orange in acid solution (4.4 pH 4.4).The concentrated nitric acid turns yellow due to the decomposition of nitrogen dioxide4. Green world(1) ground sta
5、te: F2 (light yellow green), Cl2 (yellow green), Cu 2 (OH) 2CO3 (green) CuCl2 (concentrated solution green), FeSO4 (light green)(2) excited state: the flame of the copper element is green(3) chemical changes: Fe (OH) 2 (white) - gray green - Fe (OH) 3 (reddish brown)5. Blue world(1) ground state: ir
6、on powder, silver powder and most metal powder, graphite, CuO, CuS, Cu2S FeO, Fe3O4, MnO2(2) chemical changes:The sulfuric acid is blackened by concentrated sulfuric acid,2. The wet white acetate test paper is black with H2S,Sulphur powder reacts with white mercury to generate black red HgS,The solu
7、tion of H2S to Pb (NO3) 2, AgNO3, CuSO4 solution is insoluble in water and is insoluble in the black precipitation of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid.6. Blue world(1) ground state: CuSO4 (solution), CuSO4? 5H2O (crystal), liquid oxygen, ozone(2) chemical changes:The purple litmus t
8、urns blue in alkaline solution (pH 8).The wet red litmus test paper is blue with alkaline gas.No water CuSO4 (white powder) blue with water,The burning flame of H2, H2S, CH4, C2H5OH, and the burning flame in blue,The S8 burns in the air in a light blue flame, burning bright blue and purple flames in
9、 pure oxygen.The starch gets blue with I2 (aq).The wet starch iodized potassium iodide test paper was blue in the case of the Cl2, Br2, NO2 and O37. Purple world(1) ground state: KMnO4 (H +), purple litmus, iodine monoliths are purple black(2) excited states: the glow of argon is purple and blue, an
10、d the flame of potassium is purple (observed through blue cobalt glass)(3) chemical changes:I2 liters of purple smoke,NH4I was hot and purple,The purple litmus is purple in (5.0 pH 8.0).The mixture of zinc powder and iodine will drip into the water to produce purple smoke (the reaction is exothermic
11、 to sublimate the iodine).8. The white world(1) ground state: Pb (blue and white), Hg, aluminum powder, most blocky metals, PbSO4, BaSO4, AgCl, BaCO3, Ba3 (PO4) 2, BaSO3, CaCO3, Fe (OH) 2 (unstable), Mg (OH) 2, Al (OH) 3, ZnS(2) chemical changes:The burning of H2 in Cl2 is a pale flame,When HCl prod
12、uces white smoke,The Mg and Al burn in the oxygen to emit a dazzling white lightRed phosphorus produces white smoke when it burns in chlorine gas.Red phosphorus produces white smoke when it burns in oxygen.The main experiment operation and the experiment phenomenon the specific experiment 80 cases1.
13、 The magnesium strip burns in the air: it emits a dazzling light, releasing a lot of heat, producing white smoke and producing a white substance at the same time.2. Charcoal burns in oxygen: white light emitting heat.3. Sulfur burns in oxygen: emit a bright blue-violet flame, releasing heat, and pro
14、ducing a gas with a pungent odor.4. The wire burns in oxygen: intense combustion, sparks of Mars, releasing heat, creating black solid material.5. Heating test tube of ammonium bicarbonate: there is a stimulating odor gas generation, the test tube is generated by droplets.Hydrogen burns in the air:
15、the flame is light blue.7. Hydrogen burns in chlorine gas: emits a pale flame, producing a lot of heat.In the test tube, hydrogen is reduced to copper oxide: the black copper oxide becomes red and the tube mouth is generated by droplets.Use charcoal powder to restore the copper oxide powder to make
16、the gas pass in to clarify the lime water, black copper oxide becomes a shiny metal particle, and the lime water becomes cloudy.10. Carbon monoxide burns in the air: emits blue flames and releases heat.11. Hydrochloric acid in a test tube containing a small amount of potassium carbonate: gas is prod
17、uced.12. The copper sulfate crystal in the heated test tube: the blue crystal gradually turns to white powder, and the tube mouth has droplet formation.13. Sodium burns in chlorine gas: intense combustion, producing white solid.14. Ignite the pure chlorine gas and use a dry cold beaker to cover the
18、flame: a pale blue flame, and a drop of liquid droplets in the inner wall of the beaker.In a solution containing C1 - a solution of nitric acid, a solution of nitric acid, is produced by a white precipitate.16. In a solution containing SO42 -, a barium chloride solution with nitric acid is used to p
19、roduce a white precipitate.17. The rust belt is put into the test tube of dilute sulfuric acid and heated: rust gradually dissolves, the solution is light yellow, and gas is produced.18. Drops of sodium hydroxide solution in copper sulphate solution: blue flocculation is formed.Turn Cl2 into a color
20、less KI solution with brown material in the solution.20. Drops of sodium hydroxide solution in trichloride solution: reddish brown precipitation.21. Add a small amount of water to a test tube with lime: it reacts violently and sends out a lot of heat.22. Dip a clean iron nail into the copper sulfate
21、 solution: the iron nail surface has a red material attached to it, and the color of the solution gradually becomes shallow.23. Insert copper tablets into the solution of mercury nitrate: the copper sheet has a silver and white material on it.24. In a tube filled with lime water, a concentrated solu
22、tion of sodium carbonate is injected: white precipitation is produced.25. The copper wire is burned in chlorine gas to add water: brown smoke is produced, and the green solution is formed after adding water.26. A mixture of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas is illuminated by a strong light: a rapid reac
23、tion explodes.27. Red phosphorus burns in chlorine gas: white smoke generation.28. Chlorine gas meets wet colored cloth: the color of colored cloth fades.29.Heating concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mixture of manganese dioxide: yellow green pungent odor gas generation.30. Heat the mixture of so
24、dium chloride (solid) and sulfuric acid (thick) : fog formation and stimulating odor generation.31. In the sodium bromide solution, a silver nitrate solution is added with dilute nitric acid: a light yellow precipitation is produced.In potassium iodide solution, a silver nitrate solution is added to
25、 dilute the nitric acid: yellow precipitation is produced.33. I2 meets starch and produces a blue solution.34. The thin copper wire burns in the sulfur vapour: the fine copper wire is red and the black material is formed.35. The iron powder is mixed with sulphur powder to heat up to the red heat: th
26、e reaction continues, releasing a lot of heat and producing black material.36. Hydrogen sulphide gas is not completely burnt (on a flame over a dish) : the flame is light blue (the bottom of the evaporating dish has a yellow powder).37. Hydrogen sulphide gas is completely burned (in a dry, dry beake
27、r) : the flame is pale blue and produces a pungent gas (the inner wall of the beaker is generated by droplets).38. Hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide are mixed in the gas flask: yellow powder is generated in the inner wall of the bottle.39. So2 gas is added to the red solution and heating: the re
28、d fades away, and the original color is restored when heated.40. Excess copper is poured into the test tube with concentrated sulfuric acid, and heated, and the reaction is done. The solution is cooled and added water: the gas is produced with a pungent odor and the solution is blue after adding wat
29、er.41. Heated tubes containing concentrated sulfuric acid and charcoal: gases are produced and gases have an irritating odor.42. Sodium burns in the air: the flame is yellow and produces light yellow.Sodium poured into the water: the reaction was intense, the sodium was floating in the water, and a
30、large amount of heat caused the sodium to dissolve into small balls to swim on the surface of the water, and there was a hiss.44. Drop the water droplets into the solid tube of sodium peroxide and bring the Mars wood strip to the test tube.45. Heat the sodium bicarbonate solid to make the gas flow i
31、nto the clarifying lime water: clarification of the lime water turbidity.46. Ammonia gas meets hydrogen chloride: there is a large amount of white smoke.47. A mixture of ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide: a gas produced with a pungent odor.48. The tube with solid ammonium chloride is heated: w
32、hite crystals are produced at the mouth of the test tube.49. The concentration of nitric acid in the colorless reagent is exposed to sunlight: the space in the bottle is brown and the nitric acid is yellow.50. Reaction of copper and concentrated nitric acid: intense reaction, with red and brown gase
33、s.51. Reaction of copper and dilute nitric acid: a colorless gas is produced in the lower end of the test tube, and the gas rises gradually turn reddish brown.52. Add dilute hydrochloric acid to sodium silicate solution and produce white gelatine.53. Magnesium sulfate solution in hydroxide colloids:
34、 the colloids are turbid.54. Heating the hydroxide colloid: the colloid becomes cloudy.5. Extend the ignited magnesium strip into a gas cylinder containing carbon dioxide: intense combustion, with black material attached to the inner wall of the gas collector.56. Add ammonia to the aluminum sulfate
35、solution: produce a fluffy white flocky substance.57. Sodium hydroxide solution in ferrous sulphate solution: white flocculated precipitate, instantly converted to grayish green, and then reddish-brown precipitation.Drop the KSCN solution into a solution containing Fe3 + : the solution is blood-red.
36、59. Add chlorine to sodium sulphide water: the solution is cloudy. S2 - + Cl2 Cl2 = 2 - + S left60. Add a small amount of soap to natural water: the foam gradually decreases and is precipitated.61. Ignite the methane in the air, and place a dry beaker on the flame: the flame is pale blue,The inner w
37、all of the beaker is produced by droplets.62. The mixture of light methane and chlorine gas: the yellow green gradually becomes lighter and longer, (the inner wall of the container is generated by droplets).63. Heat (170 ) with a mixture of sulfuric acid, ethanol and the generated gas flux into the
38、bromine water, ventilation with acidic potassium permanganate solution: there is gas generation, bromine water fade, purple becomes shallow gradually.Ignite the ethylene in the air: the flame is bright, the black smoke comes out and gives off heat.Acetylene is ignited in the air: the flame is bright
39、, the smoke is produced and the heat is released.Benzene burns in the air: the flames are bright and black.Ethanol burns in the air: the flame appears pale blue.68. Pass the acetylene through the bromine: the bromine loses color.69. Pass acetylene to potassium permanganate solution: the purple gradu
40、ally becomes shallow until it fades away.70. Benzene and bromine react with iron powder as a catalyst: white fog is produced, and the products are oily and brown.1. Pour a small amount of toluene into a moderate amount of potassium permanganate solution, oscillation: purple discoloration.Put the met
41、al sodium into a test tube with ethanol: gas is released.73. Excessive concentration of bromine in a test tube containing a small amount of phenol: white precipitation.74. In a test tube containing the phenol, a few drops of iron chloride solution, oscillation: the solution appears purple.75. Acetal
42、dehyde and silver ammonia solution react in test tube: clean tube inner wall adheres to a material that is bright as mirror.76. In the case of heated to boiling, acetaldehyde reacts with the new copper hydroxide: red precipitate.77. Ethanol and acetic acid reaction in appropriate conditions: transparent and scented oil - like liquid generation.78. Protein meets strong HNO3 solution: yellow.Purple litmus test solution: blue.80. Colorless phenolphthalein test for base: red.