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1、Noun Clauses,从句,形容词性从句-定语从句,副词性从句-状语从句,名词性从句- (宾语从句，表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句),1. 宾语从句 2. 主语从句 3. 表语从句 4. 同位语从句,名词性从句,He has told me what happened.,What you said is not true.,The fact is that he has been fired.,The fact that he has been fired is not known to his wife.,通常所有从句的语序都是陈述语序. (名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句) 主句的时态如
2、果是过去时态，对从句的时态有影响 一般现在时一般过去时态 一般过去时过去完成时态 一般将来时过去将来时态 现在进行时过去进行时态 现在完成时过去完成时态,宾语从句,如果宾语从句是一个陈述句，连词用that. 2. 如果宾语从句是一个一般疑问句，连词用whether/ if. 但如果是在介词后面，只能用whether.,I know _ he is from Scotland.,that,可省略,I wonder _she knows the truth.,whether/ if,They are talking about _ its going to rain.,whether,3. 如果宾
3、语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(物), 连词用what; 如果宾语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(人),连词用who/ whom.(非正式文体中who可取代whom.),Can you tell me _ is going to give us a speech?,I wonder _ you bought in the store.,- We all know _ you like best. - Clothes.,Tell me _ you were talking to just now.,who,what,what,whom,4. 宾语从句还可用when, where, how, why,
4、which(哪个/些), which+n, how many, how much, how long, whose 来引导,1. Can you tell me _ the train will leave the station?,when,2. I dont know _ he stayed while in London. He wasnt in a hotel.,where,3. He asked _ he should pay for the CDs.,how much,4. Tell me _ book you like best. Id like to give it to yo
5、u.,which,5. Im wondering _ we can get some food and drinks before we are starved to death.,how/ where,6. Do you know _ it will take us to get to New York by air?,how long,7. Now I know _ he hates me. He thinks I gave him away to the teacher.,why,主语从句,连词的选择与宾语从句一样. 个别地方有区别. 1. 如果主语从句是一个陈述句，连词用that. (
6、不可省略) 2. 如果主语从句是一个一般疑问句，连词用 whether. 一般不用if，尤其是置于句首时.,That,Whether,_ he is clever is known to all.,_ he will come depends on the weather.,3. 如果主语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(物), 连词用what; 如果主语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(人),连词用who/ whom.(非正式文体中who可取代whom.),_ he said cant convince me.,What,_ happened to Harry Potter while in that
7、cave is not known.,What,_ is going to teach us English is not decided yet.,Who,_ she will choose to speak at the meeting is not my concern.,Whom,_ the meeting will be held is not decided.,When and where,_ can we solve the problem is a difficult problem.,How,4. 主语从句还可以用when, where, how, why, which(哪个
8、/些), which+n, how many, how much, how long, whose 来引导,_ we should pay for the spring outing is not known.,How much,_ he committed suicide is that his firm went bankrupt.,Why,表语从句,连词的选择与宾语从句一样. 个别地方有区别. (be, seem, look, feel, become, get, remain, stay) 如果表语从句是一个陈述句，连词用that.(不可省略) My trouble is _ my d
9、aughter doesnt listen to me. 2.如果表语从句是一个一般疑问句，连词用 whether. 一般不用if. The question is _ he will accept our offer.,that,whether,3. 如果表语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(物), 连词用what; 如果表语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(人),连词用who/ whom.(非正式文体中who可取代whom.),My concern is _ will win the game.,who,He is no longer _ he used to be.,what,4. 表语从句还可以用
10、when, where, how, whose, why, which(哪个/些), which+n, how many, how much, how long, as if 来引导 1) He remains _ he is. 2) The cloth feels _ it is cotton.,where,as if,同位语从句,在一些名词(idea, fact, news, promise, problem, suggestion)之后的从句，解释说明这些名词的内容的叫同位语从句,Word came _ our army won the war.,that,The fact _ she
11、has changed a lot surprised us.,that,The problem _ he can get through the test is worrying me.,whether,不可省略,不可用if,特别注意： 在宾语从句中，that可省略；在表语从句,主语从句和同位语从句中that 不可省略 在宾语从句中，whether/ if都可以；而表语从句, 主语从句和同位语从句中只用whether. 介词后的从句也叫宾语从句，但不可以用that或if来引导只能用whether或特殊疑问词来引导(in that, except that例外) Despite he used
12、 traditional materials,-,We finally arrived at _ is called the USA. 4. 动词后接两个以上的that连接的宾语从句时, 除第一个that外，其他的that 都不能省略 He said (that) the text was important and that we should pay more attention.,what,Grammar,What kind of noun clauses they are?P46,1. What life will be like in the future is difficult
13、to predict.,subjective clause,2. They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly.,objective clause,3. The schools of the futures will probably be different from what they are today.,objective clause,4. We cannot be sure whether our dreams will come true, but we can at least be hopeful th
14、at.,objective clause,5. If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.,objective clauses,6. The discussion topic for today is what school will be like in the future.,predicative clause,Practice,Part 2 on page
15、 46,I cant imagine when man will be able to live on Mars.,2. Scientists have not found answers to the question how life began on earth.,3. The problem is how we should use modern technology.,4. We cannot be sure what the advantages of e-school are?,5. They are worried about whether robots will be sm
16、arter than people.,6. We cannot be sure whether the future will be better.,Part 3 on page 46,1. It is hard for us to imagine where all these advanced technologies will lead us.,NC,2. People want to know which “green” transportation will be used in the city.,NC,3. Have you heard of the new maglev train, which is environmentally friendly, energy-saving and travels at an amazing speed?,AC,4. His memory brought him back to the spring of 1998 when he met her for the first time.,AC,5. Many parents do not understand why their children like to try new things and be different.,NC,