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1、论软件开发成本估算（On the development of software cost estimation）On the development of software cost estimationAuthor: Source: release date: 2008-05-24Abstract: in September 2003, I participated in the public employment network in Fujian province (graduates) construction project. The position of project man
2、ager in the project. The project as a key project of digital Fujian, is highly valued by the provincial government, the Provincial Department of personnel and the digital Fujian leadership team leader. To the Provincial Department of personnel system as the basis, for the personnel department of the
3、 province at all levels of government, colleges, employers and graduates with intermediaries. In employment guidance, policy advocacy, talent exchange, employment formalities, the governments macro management in one. I called the province so far, one of the largest e-government project. In this pape
4、r, combined with the experience of the author made a detailed exposition on the project cost management method; and in the process of project cost management take related measures, is introduced. Finally, some shortcomings of the project cost management.An overview of the project1, the background of
5、 the projectWith the development of higher education in our province and (in) the rapid development of occupation education in our province, the number of graduates each year, the rapid growth rate of 25%. The total number of graduates increased year by year, the employment pressure is increasing ye
6、ar by year, the employment situation is more and more serious, the employment of graduates is increasingly heavy; relying on the traditional manual operation has been unable to adapt to the new situation and new tasks. The employment of graduates is related to the realization of well-off society, th
7、e relationship between reform, development and stability and harmonious situation, related to the fundamental interests of the people, related to higher education health and sustainable development. Therefore, great importance to the employment of graduates has important practical significance to st
8、rengthen the work of graduate employment information.In order to further strengthen the construction of our province graduate employment service system, strengthen macro management and rational allocation of human resources of our province, our province for the majority of employers and graduates to
9、 provide convenient service personnel; in the provincial government, the Provincial Department of personnel, the digital Fujian leading group attaches great importance to and support, as graduates in Fujian province one of the 2003 annual employment network of digital Fujian key project (hereinafter
10、 referred to as: employment network,), officially launched in September 2003.The main goal of the 2 projectEmployment network project total investment of 1 million 500 thousand yuan, requirements are completed and put into use in May 1, 2004.3, an overview of the scope of the projectThe system requi
11、res the use of advanced technology, to the Provincial Department of personnel as the basis, to the Internet as the carrier, the employment of college graduates as the guidance; for personnel department of the province at all levels of government, colleges, the talent intermediary agencies, employers
12、 and graduates; connecting national educational and employment departments, the Ministry of personnel, and other provinces to build the provinces colleges and universities; graduates employment service platform for a large capacity, wide radiation. Provide personnel comprehensive service network, co
13、nvenient and fast for me, the majority of graduates and employers; office automation network platform provides a set of student management, employment management and other related work for college graduates in our province; provide employment guidance and policy advice to promote the personnel depar
14、tments at all levels of government, employment related procedures handle,Graduate employment exchange monitoring, macro management and decision support in one of the comprehensive functions of the e-government application platform. After the completion of the system is expected to become Chinas firs
15、t for the province, large capacity, wide radiation, cross regional graduates employment management of e-government application platform.4, project overviewThe project manager, I won the competition mechanism, the company leadership and the trust of the owners, was fortunate enough to win the project
16、 manager, project development and management work in full charge.In support of the provincial government, digital Fujian, the Provincial Department of personnel of the leadership, the owners, supervision of the companys full cooperation and support; and my project team all Comrades together, fightin
17、g side by side, after nearly 8 months of hard work; the project finally in April 15, 2004 a comprehensive inspection, officially put into use. The project total cost of nearly 1 million yuan. The project ahead of schedule for nearly 15 days, for the company to earn profits of nearly 500 thousand yua
18、n.The successful employment network project due to the attention of the leadership and the concerted efforts of all stakeholders. It also benefited from effective project management; especially effective project cost management. Some measures of the approach taken here the authors of this project in
19、 the brief introduction, I hope readers criticism.Two, the software project cost management conceptThe project cost is the sum of all the expenses during the project from design to completion. Project cost management is in the entire project implementation process, to ensure that the project cost in
20、 the budget approved as well as possible to complete the management and control of the various processes required. Project cost management mainly includes: resource planning, cost estimating, cost budget and cost control process four. Resource planning is based on the project work breakdown structur
21、e (WBS) type and the number of resources required to determine the completion of the project. Cost estimation is needed to complete the project to estimate resource cost. The project budget is the cost estimates assigned to each individual work according to the project WBS. Cost control is the proje
22、ct cost budget changes.Software project management is project management for the software industry; is a special industry, but the cost management method of cost management method of software industry and other projects are basically the same. Only the software industry in the cost management of hum
23、an resources cost occupies a large proportion; in many small and medium-sized software project will often ignored the cost of other resources.Estimated development costs three, employment network projectCost estimation is one of the main contents of the project cost management, is the basis for proj
24、ect cost budget, cost control. Cost estimation methods include expert estimation method, top-down method, bottom-up method etc.To effectively control the project cost of the net benefit of graduates employment in the correct estimation of cost. The development cost estimation of the employment netwo
25、rk project has taken the following measures:1, the MS-Project project management toolsAccording to the companys project management experience, we adopt MSProject project management tools as employment network project management tools. Ms-Project can help us to effectively manage the project scope, p
26、roject schedule, project human resources, project cost. Besides，Ms-Project also provides a rich report analysis tool, to analyze the project cost, flexible schedule, earned value.In the employment network project many of our work are dependent on the Ms-Project can be efficiently.2, complete WBSThe
27、project work breakdown structure (WBS) is the foundation of project management, which is the basis of project cost management and cost estimation. Only by establishing a complete and exhaustive project WBS to ensure the accuracy of project cost estimation.At the start of the project, we demand for p
28、roject made a thorough and meticulous investigation and analysis; and with the help of Ms-Project to establish a complete and no missing WBS.3, the correct estimation of project resourcesOne of the important input estimation of project cost estimation and project resources. We must clear the project
29、 type and amount of resources needed in project evaluation before; and the unit of project resources.The total project cost (number = Sigma project total X X project resources project resources unit) + disposable resource cost.In the employment network project we used the expert opinion method and D
30、elphi method; defines the types of project planning with resource planning table defines the project resources required, the required quantity and unit price. Managed by Ms-Project.4, the project cost estimates from top to bottomIn fact, many of the project cost estimation method, the expert judgmen
31、t method, top-down, bottom-up method, parameter estimation method etc. The method can also be used in combination with PERT technique and Delphi method.With the convenience of the actual project and Ms-Project. We mainly use the bottom-up approach, the task of risk we also adopted the Delphi method
32、and expert judgment method. In the estimation of project cost, we will each task WBS to domain experts for evaluation of work requirements; each task must be controlled within 1 weeks. For more than 1 week, analysis expert reasons, and puts forward the decomposition scheme.The project cost estimates
33、 we spent the workload is relatively large, but we later project cost control, project management has laid a good foundation. Let us project team Comrades really appreciate the benefits of project management.Four, problems and ProspectsThe current employment network system is stable, so far has succ
34、essfully completed 2 (nearly 300 thousand) of graduate employment management and dispatch work. And in July this year, won the two prize of progress in science and technology project.But in retrospect, it can also be found many shortcomings. Such as:1, in order to complete the project needs to colle
35、ct, we held the 6 provincial stakeholders Conference (each meeting nearly 300 people). But due to the lack of experience in project cost estimation, did not fully take into account the cost of management meetings; resulting in cost seriously exceeded the budget.2, because the project needs change, r
36、esulting in some modules to reinvent the wheel. But we do not consider these problems, leading to the project cost budget overruns.3, in addition, there are still many shortcomings; here in one gold column.In future work, I will continue to learn and experience;Continue to make contributions to the
37、construction of electronic government and enterprise informatization construction in china.Author introduction:Ge Zhichun, national certification systems analysts, information systems project management, senior programmer. Consultant expert advisory group China system analyst. Now working in Fujian
38、province graduate employment public network management service center, engaged in employment information research and public network promotion work.With many years of program development, system analysis and project management experience. Has presided over the participation in the development of ERP
39、, OA, workflow, electronic document management, law firms, e-government, government portal, personnel, and other areas of the project of dozens of graduates.The computer has a solid theoretical foundation, familiar with project management, software engineering, system analysis and design methodology. The main research direction is software engineering, in all kinds of professional magazines and newspapers published 10 papers.