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1、高考英语专题书面表达一、考纲解读与命题分析：【考纲解读】英语考试大纲要求考生根据提供的情景准确使用语法、词汇、拼写和标点，并使用一定的句型和词汇清楚连贯地表达自己的意思，写出一篇100个单词左右的短文。书面表达主要考查学生对实际问题的解决能力、综合概括能力以及逻辑思维能力。它体现了考生对语法、词汇等语言基础知识的掌握情况和综合运用语言的能力。【命题特点】命题形式高考书面表达采用指导性写作或控制性写作的形式，即通过提纲、图画、图表等方式限定内容、人称、时态、字数、文体等。主要有：短文写作(日记、小故事、通知等) 实用性写作(信件、说明、演讲辞、留言、填写表格等)图文信息转换(图画、图表描述、信息
2、解读、写图配说明等)接续完成文段概括材料并据其主题及要求完成写作任务题材特点题材贴近学生生活，基本属于24个话题范围之内；突出考查考生实际运用语言的能力。情景逼真，现实感强，与时俱进，易于考生动笔行文。体裁特点以记叙文、说明文为主，应用文为辅，兼顾议论文等其他体裁。【命题趋势】纵观近几年高考英语的书面表达，遵循了高考英语书面表达的命题原则：合理性、交际性和实用性。书面表达旨在通过图画、图表、提纲等形式，提供包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等方面的情景，让考生运用所学英语知识进行写作的能力。近三年，命题趋向实用性，书信等应用文有所增加，体裁上议论文也较往年略有增多，这一趋势将会在以后的高考中表现
3、得更加明显。随着更多省市自主命题，书面表达的题型会稳中有变；题材上更贴近考生的学习与生活，并会与时俱进，紧密联系社会热点。二、高考英语评分标准：高考英语作文评分原则及评分标准是高考阅卷老师对考生作文进行评分给分的一个非常重要的依据和标准。(一)评分原则：1、本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3、词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。4、评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。5、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的
4、影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。(二)评分标准：第五档(21-25分)：完全完成了试题规定的任务，完全达到了预期的写作目的覆盖所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。第四档(16-20分)：完全完成了试题规定的任务，达到了预期的写作目的虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。第三
5、档(11-15分)：基本完成了试题规定的任务，整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。第二档(6-10分)：未恰当完成试题规定的任务，信息未能清楚地传达给读者漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。第一档(1-5分)：未完成试题规定的任务，信息未能传达给读者明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理
6、解试题要求。语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。不得分(0分)：未能传达给读者仟何信息：内容太少，无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。三、写作方法指导（一）仔细审题理思路看到英语作文试题后，不要急于往答题卷上书写，应该先对试题所提供的材料及要求进行仔细地审读，理清写作思路，明确写作任务。在审题时，要审清写作文体，审清动词时态，审清使用的人称，审清写作要点及具体的写作要求等。只有进行了充分地审题，才可能有的放矢，才可能圆满地完成写作任务。（二）精心布局谋好篇在经过仔细审题之后，考生还需要进一步对所要
7、写的作文进行总体精心设计，包括需要涵盖几方面的内容要点，需要分成几个段落来写，需要使用哪些句型等。有些考生可能会感觉这样做没有必要，感觉这样做浪费时间。其实不然，这一环节实际上是为下一步写好作文奠定坚实的基础。（三）搭好框架信心足如果不是因为时间问题，考生应该在草稿纸上草拟一个写作小提纲，搭好写作的整体框架，列出主要的要点提纲，列出需要使用的主要词汇、短语、句型等，这样再往答题卷上书写时，就会信心十足，就会条理更加清晰。（四）扩展提纲连成文紧接着就是对写作提纲进行充实扩展，在答题纸上进行书写。写作时应注意要点的完整性，上下文的连贯性，词汇及句式的多样性，语言的准确性。而且需要注意内容充实，积极
8、健康，逻辑清晰，语言规范，交际得体，建议词数保持在80至120之间。应尽可能运用比较熟悉的词汇、短语和句型，在有把握的情况下，才可使用一些使短文能够增色的较高级的词汇、短语或者句式。（五）过渡词语文紧凑在写作时，可在文中穿插一些过渡性词汇、短语或者句型，这样会使短文过渡自然，上下连贯，行文紧凑。例如：表示递进过渡again, also, worse still, obviously, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next,similarly, after a while, at the same time, in additio
9、n, meanwhile, suddenly, later, soon, in the same way, whats more等表示转折让步unfortunately, though/although, anyway, but, however, otherwise, still, yet, after all, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand, in any case, whatever等表示困果关系therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a resu
10、lt等表示举例示范for example, in other words, for instance, that is, that is to say等表示总结概括in summary, to sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, in a word, all in all, in conclusion, as has been noted, on the whole等（六）耐心复查把好关作文写完后，并不是完事大吉了，考生还需要对自己的作文进行从头至尾耐心地复查，把好写作的最后一道关。这是写作中不可缺少的一个重要环节。在复查的过程中，考生需要查看是
11、否由于粗心而出现了一些低级错误，如单复数、拼写、搭配、时态、标点符号等。对于查找出来的错误，切忌乱涂乱改，可以按照短文改错的纠错方法在原文上进行单词的添加、删除或者修改。（七）卷面整洁悦人目英语作文毕竟是一项主观性试题，考生的作文分数除了受写作水平影响以外，还受阅卷老师的主观评价影响。干净整洁的卷面，漂亮工整的字体，会使人赏心悦目，会使阅卷老师眼前一亮，从而给阅卷老师留下非常好的印象，无疑会使作文增色不少。这样的英语作文相对来说，分数会明显高于写作水平相当，但是卷面比较差的考生。因此，在写作时，书写与卷面是考生应该留意的一个重要方面，需要做到英语字母书写规范，工整清晰，大小适中，卷面整洁，忌潦
12、草凌乱，乱涂乱改，卷面一塌糊涂，令阅卷老师头痛不已。四、高分作文三大要素：第一：结构清晰第二：出现亮点第三：句式多变高考书面表达评分标准第五档中有这样一段话：应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。”这就是说仅运用基本的句型，很难体现出较强的语言运用能力，即使表达没有语法错误，也得不了高分；相反，有个别的错误，但目的在于有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇，仍属于最高档次。由此可见要提高书面表达的档次，不仅要写出用词准确、逻辑清晰、简洁明了、可读性强的好句子，还应该根据实际情况灵活运用各种句式。也就是说，要想写出一篇
13、高档次的文章，还应做到： 1学会灵活变换句式，充分运用各种不同的表达方式来丰富文章的句式。 2学会运用包括名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句在内的复合句，用复合句增强句子之间的逻辑关系，使文章的句子变得更加紧凑。 3学会运用非谓语动词使文章的句子变得更加简洁。下面就结合具体的例子介绍一下如何灵活变换句式： 1简单句并列句-复合句例1、我母亲喜爱音乐。我父亲也是。( 1 )Both my mother and my father are fond of music.(2) My mother likes music and my father likes music, too/as well.(3)
14、 My mother likes music, so does my father.例2、没有公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。(1)There being no bus, we had to walk home./Because of no bus, we had to walk home.(2) There was no bus, and we had to walk home.(3) As / Because there was no bus, we had to walk home.2、主动语态-被动语态例1、所有的老师都对他的教法作出了高度的评价。(1) All of the teache
15、rs speak highly of his teaching methods.(2) His teaching methods are highly thought of by all the teachers.例2、有人指控一位足球运动员受贿，故意不进球，让对方的球队赢球。(1)Someone accused a footballer of taking money on purpose for not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.(2) A footballer was accused of taking money on
16、purpose for not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.3、正常语序-倒装语序例1、只有等你看过了他都做什么之后，你才能独自去进行新闻采访。(1)You can cover a story by yourself when you have seen what he does.(2) Only when you have seen what he does can you cover a story by yourself.例2、对摄影我不仅是感兴趣，而且在大学里我还专修过摄影课程，因此我确实对摄影特别感兴趣。(1) I am
17、 not only interested in photography but(also) I took a course at university, so its actually of special interest to me.(2) Not only am I interested in photography but I took a course at university, so its actually of special interest to me.4、一般句式-强调句式例1、直到铃响了他才进教室。(1) He didnt come into the classroo
18、m until the bell rang.(2) It was not until the bell rang that he came into the classroom.例2、有困难时务必告诉我。(1) You must make me know when you are in trouble.(2) Do make me know when you are in trouble.5、一般句式-祈使句例、我们一定不能辜负老师和父母的期望。(1)We should not live up to the expectation of our parents and teachers.(2)
19、 Never live up to the expectation of our parents and teachers.6、一般句式-感叹句例、遵守诺言是多么重要的事！(1)It is very important to keep our promise!(2) How important it is to keep our promise!7、完整句式-省略句例1、做完练习后，他便出去了。(1) After he had finished the exercises, he went out.(2) After finishing the exercises, he went out.例
20、2、半个小时后，她安静多了。(1) After half an hour, she became quieter than she had been.(2) After half an hour, she became quieter.8、普通句式-名词性从句例、什么导臻了火灾对警察来说是个谜。(1) What caused the fire is a puzzle to the police.(2) What puzzles the police is what caused the fire.(3) It is a puzzle to the police what caused the
21、fire.9、灵活使用定语从句例、我住在一个窗户朝南的房子里。(1)I live in a house and its window faces the south.(2) I live in a house, whose window faces the south.(3) I live in a house, the window of which faces the south.10、灵活使用虚拟语气例、到我们做眼保健操的时间了。(1) Its time for eye exercises.(2) Its time that we should do eye exercises./Its
22、 time that we did eye exercises.11、灵活使用状语从句例、虽然他是个孩子，但他知道的很多。(1) He is a child, but he knows a lot.(2) Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.(3) Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot.附 录：高考英语作文万能模板一、英语书信的常见写作模板开头部分：How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about the activity.
23、Im glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.Im pleased to hear that youre coming to China for a visit.Im writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.结尾部分：With best wishes.Im looking forward to your reply.二、口头通知常见写作模板呼语及开场白部分：Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, plea
24、se? I have an announcement to make.正文部分：All the teachers and students are required to attend it.Please take your notebooks and make notes.Please listen carefully and well have a discussion in groups.Please come on time and dont be late.结束语部分：Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend
25、it.I hope youll have a nice time here.Thats all. Thank you.三、议论文模板1.正反观点式议论文模板第1段：Recently weve had a discussion about whether we should. （导入话题）Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧） 第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it.（正方观点）Here are the reasons. First. Second. Finally. (列出23个赞成的理由)
26、第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）Their reasons are as follows. In the first place. Whats more. In addition.(列出23个反对的理由) 第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点）2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：第1段：Some peop
27、le hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that . Another reason is that.(赞同A的原因)第3段: Of course, B also has ad
28、vantages to some extent. (列出12个B的优势)第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that .(得出结论) 3.观点论述类议论文模板：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student, I am strongly in favor of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）The
29、reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）第2段：First of all. Secondly. Besides.(列出23个赞成或反对的理由)第3段：In conclusion, I believe that. （照应第1段，构成总分总结构）4.How to类议论文模板：第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all.
30、Another way to solve the problem is . Finally.(列出23个解决此类问题的办法)第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to.(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)四、图表作文写作模板The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. The first thing we notice is that 图表
31、最大特点 . This means that as (进一步说明).We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 . After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) . The figures also tell us that图表细节二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论). The reason
32、for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因). / It is high time that we (发出倡议).五、图画类写作模板：1.开头 Look at this picture./The picture shows that./From this picture, we can see./As is shown in the picture./As is seen in the picture.2.衔接句 As we all know, ./As is known to all,./It is well known that./In
33、 my opinion,./As far as I am concerned,./This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.3.结尾句In conclusion./In brief./On the whole./In short./In a word./Generally speaking./As has been stated.重点易错句型1.There is no doubt that our experiment will succeed.2. There is no doubt about the success of ou
34、r experiment3. There is some doubt whether he can win first prize.4. The no-smoking sign will be put up where all the people can see it clearly, aiming to make the goal come true in the end.5. Actually, its not necessary to set down all the teacher explains in class.6. It took a long time for him to
35、 recover from a bad cold7. Dont waste lots of time looking for the answer to one question. Leave it and come back to it later if necessary.8. Taking exercise can help you build up your strength9. You should make use of your spare time to do some meaningful things.10. Owing to the governments efforts
36、, the Chinese economy is gradually recovering from the economic crisis.11. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, however great it is.12. The manager thought little of my suggestion, which made me very disappointed.13. The meeting was so important that a large number of paren
37、ts attended it.14. I am devoted to doing research on this thing and I cant spare any time to have a holiday.15. Faced with the terrible earthquake, the people in Yushu didnt lose heart16. The reason why the young man was in prison is that he had killed a tiger.17. It is so good a film that I like to
38、 see it a second time.18. It is such a lovely day that we decided to go outing.19. I want to persuade him to join us so that we can finish the task earlier.20. He is a determined man. No matter what you say, he wont change his mind.1. 毫无疑问，我们的实验会成功。2. 毫无疑问，我们的实验会成功。3. 他是否能赢得一等奖还有些疑问。4. 禁止吸烟的标志将被张贴在所
39、有人能看得到的地方，目的是使目标最终成为现实。5. 事实上，课上没有必要把老师的讲解都记录下来。6. 他很长时间才从感冒中恢复回来。7. 不要浪费很多时间在一个问题的答案上，如果有必要的话稍后再回顾。8. 锻炼能帮助你增强体质。9. 你应该利用空余时间做一些有意义的事。10. 由于政府的努力，中国的经济正逐渐从经济危机中恢复。11. 如果我们坚定意志，无论有多大的困难， 我们都能克服。12. 经理不看重我的建议，这使我很失望。13. 这个会议如此的重要以至于许多家长都来参加。14. 我致力于研究这件事，没有时间度假。15. 面对这次恐怖的地震，玉树人没有失去信心。16. 这个年轻人入狱的原因是
40、他杀了一只老虎。17. 这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。18. 天气这么好我们决定去郊游。19. 我想说服他加入我们，那样我们就能更早些完成这项任务了。20. 他是个意志坚定的人，无论我说什么， 他都不会改变主意。提高英语写作分数的88个词组 1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的提高the improvement of peoples living standard3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportuni
41、ties and challenges5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认 It is undeniable that/ There is no denying that9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题 a controve
42、rsial issue11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12.一些人 而另外一些人 Some people while others13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:21.对产生有利/不利的影响 have positive/ nega
43、tive effects on22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界 widen ones horiz
44、on/ broaden ones vision28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts33. 对有益 be beneficial / conducive to34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for39.
45、致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources45.因特网 the Internet (一定要有冠词，字母I 大写)46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendl
46、y49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上in some way57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益. interest in the long run60.有其自身的优缺点 has its advantages and disadv