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1、,建筑施工技术,公路与建筑学院,复习提问,建筑施工技术中的场地平整与工程概预 算中的场地平整的不同点是什么？,【答】：工程概预算中的场地平整是有填挖深度限制和范围要求的，它适用于建筑场地厚度在300mm以内的挖、填、运、找平；而建筑施工技术中的场地平整是将现场平整成施工所要求的设计平面，它没有填挖深度的限制。,公路与建筑学院,土方工程施工,课题2： 场地平整土方计算,【例题】：某建筑场地地形图如下图所示，方格网a=20m，土质为中密的砂土，设计泄水坡度ix=0.3%，iy=0.2%,不考虑土的可松性对设计标高的影响，试确定场地各方格角点的设计标高，并计算挖填土方量。,公路与建筑学院,土方开挖,
2、【解】：1) 计算角点地面标高,图解法： 根据地形图上所标的等高线，假定两等高线间的地面坡度按直线变化，用插入法求出各方格角点的地面标高。,公路与建筑学院,实测法：,土方开挖,仪器现场测量，工程常用的方法。,公路与建筑学院,1,5,11,15,43.24,44.8,44.17,42.58,2,3,4,6,10,12,13,14,43.67,43.94,44.34,44.67,42.94,42.9,43.23,43.67,7,8,9,43.35,43.76,44.17,土方开挖,2)计算场地设计标高H0,公路与建筑学院,土方开挖,H1=43.24+44.8+44.17+42.58=174.79,
3、2H2=2（43.67+43.94+44.34+44.67+43.67 +43.23+42.9+42.94）=698.72,3H3=0,4H4=4（43.35+43.76+44.17）=525.12,H0=（174.79+698.72+0+525.12）/（48）=43.71,3)场地设计标高的调整,本例不考虑土的可松性和借弃土的影响，主要考虑泄水坡度的影响。,公路与建筑学院,1,5,11,15,43.24,44.8,44.17,42.58,2,3,4,6,10,12,13,14,43.67,43.94,44.34,44.67,42.94,42.9,43.23,43.67,7,8,9,43.3
4、5,43.76,44.17,ix=0.3%,iy=0.2%,土方开挖,以场地中心点8为H0，其余各角点设计标高为：,公路与建筑学院,土方开挖,Hn=H0lxixlyiy,H8=H0=43.71,H1=H0-lxix+lyiy=HO-400.003+200.002=43.63,H2=H0-lxix+lyiy=HO-200.003+200.002=43.69,H6=H0-lxix+lyiy=HO-400.003+0=43.59,H7=H0-lxix+lyiy=HO-200.003+0=43.65,H11=H0-lxix-lyiy=HO-400.003-200.002=43.55,H12=H0-lx
5、ix-lyiy=HO-200.003-200.002=43.61,公路与建筑学院,1,5,11,15,43.24,44.8,44.17,42.58,2,3,4,6,10,12,13,14,43.67,43.94,44.34,44.67,42.94,42.9,43.23,43.67,7,8,9,43.35,43.76,44.17,ix=0.3%,iy=0.2%,43.69,43.63,43.59,43.65,43.55,43.61,43.71,土方开挖,以场地中心点8为H0，其余各角点设计标高为：,公路与建筑学院,H3=43.71-00.003+200.002=43.75； H4=43.71+2
6、00.003+200.002=43.81； H5=43.71+400.003+200.002=43.87； H9=43.71+200.003+00.002=43.77； H10=43.71+400.003+00.002=43.83； H13=43.71-00.003-200.002=43.67； H14=43.71+200.003-200.002=43.73； H15=43.71+400.003-200.002=43.79。,土方开挖,公路与建筑学院,1,5,11,15,43.24,44.8,44.17,42.58,2,3,4,6,10,12,13,14,43.67,43.94,44.34,4
7、4.67,42.94,42.9,43.23,43.67,7,8,9,43.35,43.76,44.17,ix=0.3%,iy=0.2%,43.69,43.63,43.59,43.65,43.55,43.61,43.71,43.81,43.75,43.87,43.77,43.83,43.67,43.73,43.79,土方开挖,4) 计算各方格角点施工高度,公路与建筑学院,土方开挖,hn=H0-H,h1=H0-H=43.63-43.24=+0.39,h2=H0-H=43.69-43.67=+0.02,h3=H0-H=43.75-43.94=-0.19,公路与建筑学院,1,5,11,15,43.24
8、,44.8,44.17,42.58,2,3,4,6,10,12,13,14,43.67,43.94,44.34,44.67,42.94,42.9,43.23,43.67,7,8,9,43.35,43.76,44.17,ix=0.3%,iy=0.2%,43.69,43.63,43.59,43.65,43.55,43.61,43.71,43.81,43.75,43.87,43.77,43.83,43.67,43.73,43.79,+0.39,+0.65,+0.02,+0.30,+0.97,+0.71,+0.44,+0.06,-0.19,-0.38,-0.05,-0.53,-0.93,-0.40,-
9、0.84,土方开挖,5)计算零点，标出零线,首先计算零点，零点在相邻两角点为一挖一填的方格边线上，以角点2,3为例：角点2为填方，角点3为挖方，角点2、3之间必定存在零点。如图所示：,公路与建筑学院,土方开挖,公路与建筑学院,角点2,3,土方开挖,X1=ah2/(h2+h3),X2=ah3/(h2+h3),h2=+0.02,h3=-0.19,a=20,X1=ah2/(h2+h3)=200.02/（0.02+0.19）=1.9,X2=ah3/(h2+h3)=200.19/（0.02+0.19）=18.1,或 X2=a-X1,同理求出7、8；14、15；13、8；9、14之间的零点，把所有零点求出
10、标在图上。,公路与建筑学院,零点连线即为零线。,角点7,8： x1=17.1m； x2=2.9m,角点14,15： x1=2.7m； x2=17.3m,角点8,13： x1=2.0m； x2=18.0m,角点9,14： x1=17.4m； x2=2.6m,土方开挖,公路与建筑学院,1,5,11,15,43.24,44.8,44.17,42.58,2,3,4,6,10,12,13,14,43.67,43.94,44.34,44.67,42.94,42.9,43.23,43.67,7,8,9,43.35,43.76,44.17,ix=0.3%,iy=0.2%,43.69,43.63,43.59,4
11、3.65,43.55,43.61,43.71,43.81,43.75,43.87,43.77,43.83,43.67,43.73,43.79,+0.39,+0.65,+0.02,+0.30,+0.97,+0.71,+0.44,+0.06,-0.19,-0.38,-0.05,-0.53,-0.93,-0.40,-0.84,土方开挖,6) 计算土方量,A 全挖全填方格,公路与建筑学院,土方开挖,6) 计算土方量,B 两个角点是挖方，两个角点是填方,公路与建筑学院,方格2,3,8,7,土方开挖,V2,7=a/8(b+c)(h2+h7) =20/8(1.9+17.1)(0.02+0.3)=15.20,
12、V3,8=a/8(d+e)(h3+h8) =20/8(18.1+2.9)(0.19+0.05)=(-)12.60,6) 计算土方量,B 两个角点是挖方，两个角点是填方,公路与建筑学院,方格8,9,14,13,土方开挖,V13,14=a/8(b+c)(h13+h14) =20/8(18+2.6)(0.44+0.06)=25.75,V8,9=a/8(d+e)(h8+h9) =20/8(2+17.4)(0.05+0.4)=(-)21.825,6) 计算土方量,C 三个角点是挖方，一个角点是填方,公路与建筑学院,方格9,10,15,14,土方开挖,V9,10,15=(a2-bc/2)(h9+h10+h
13、15)/5 =(202-2.72.6/2)(0.4+0.84+0.38)/5=(-)128.463,V14=bch14/6 =2.62.70.06/6=0.07,6) 计算土方量,D 一个角点是挖方，三个角点是填方,公路与建筑学院,方格7,8,13,12,土方开挖,V7,12,13=(a2-bc/2)(h7+h12+h13)/5 =(202-2.92/2)(0.3+0.71+0.44)/5=115.159,V8=bch8/6 =2.920.05/6=（-）0.05,总挖方量 = 117+270+12.6+21.825+128.463+0.05 =（-）549.938m3,总填方量 =136+2
14、63+15.2+25.75+0.07+115.159 =555.179m3,公路与建筑学院,土方开挖,公路与建筑学院,课堂小结,场地平整土方量的计算步骤。,1. 确定要平整的场地形状；,2. 划分方格网(a)；,3. 测定各方格角点原地面标高(Hx);,4. 计算场地设计标高(H0)；,5. 修正各方格角点设计标高（Hn）;,6. 计算各方格角点的施工高度（hx）,7. 计算零点、绘制零线；,8. 确定填、挖方区；,9. 计算填、挖方区土方量。,公路与建筑学院,某场地方格网的方格边长为20m，泄水坡度ix=iy=0.2%，不考虑土的可松性和边坡的影响。试按填挖平衡的原则计算： 1.场地平整时的设计标高； 2.各方格顶点的施工高度，并标出零线； 3.填、挖土方量。,1,3,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,43.03,43.70,44.15,44.48,42.79,42.99,43.40,43.94,41.88,42.20,42.56,42.79,课后思考与练习,再见！,公路与建筑学院,