《印象形成（Impression formation）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《印象形成（Impression formation）.doc（11页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、印象形成（Impression formation）In the process of impression formation, the order of information appears to have important influence on the formation of impression. Primacy effect is the mechanism of the first impression, and the interpretation of subsequent information is often based on the first impress
2、ion.Primacy effect has great influence on people in interpersonal communication, and it is an important term in communication psychology. The impression produced in the first contact between man and man forms and occupies the dominant position in the other persons mind, which is the leading cause ef
3、fect.What we often say is leave a good impression, which generally refers to the first impression, where there is a primacy effect.Psychologists believe that the first impression is mainly gender, age, clothing, posture, facial expressions and other external features. In general, a persons posture,
4、posture, speech, dress and so on to a certain extent reflects the peoples inner qualities and other personality characteristics, no matter how upstarts deliberately modified themselves, behavior are not among the family of children may have grace, always inadvertently exposed, because of the cultura
5、l the dip cant fake it.However, Time tries all., only by the first impression to judge, judge, often irreparable mistake! The Three Kingdoms in rephoenix pangtong when ready to serve Soochow, then went to see Sun Quan. Sun Quan saw pangtong ugly heart to a sort of joy, and see him arrogant unruly, I
6、 findoffensive. Finally, the broad strokes of talent put alongside Zhu Geliang Sun Zhongmou as the wizard of pangtong shut out, despite the bitter words persuade Lu sualso also of no avail. As everyone knows, etiquette, appearance and talent will not necessarily, but Sun Quan still cannot avoid this
7、 Synod of prejudice, the first impression of the great influence of visible!Coincidentally, the United States President Lincoln has refused a friend because of the appearance of prejudice a recommendation of the cabinet became exceptional talent. When a friend is angry to blame the Lincoln said anyo
8、ne responsible for the judge, not for his natural face, Lincoln said: a person over the age of forty, you should be responsible for your own face. Although Lincoln Yimaoquren also has its merits, but we can not ignore the huge influence of the first impression, so it must be finishing your image thr
9、ough self-improvement, lay the foundation for future success, a good step.There is a story: a journalism graduate is anxious to find a job. One day, he went to a newspaper and said to the editor in chief: do you need an editor?No need.!And what about journalists?No need.!And what about the composito
10、r and the proof?No, we dont have any openings now.Well, you must need it. Then he took out a delicate small brand from the briefcase, saying come, not to hire. The editor looked at the sign, smiled, nodded, and said, if you want, you can work in our advertising department. The students through their
11、 own brand production to express his wit and optimism, to the editor in chief left a good first impression, which caused great interest and gained a satisfactory job for yourself. The subtle effect of this first impression is psychologically called head effect.Therefore, in social activities such as
12、 making friends, recruiting and job hunting, we can use this effect to show an excellent image and lay a good foundation for future communication. Of course, this is only a temporary activity in social activities, and a deeper level of communication requires complete hardware. This requires you to s
13、trengthen the quality of speech, manners, culture, etiquette and other aspects, otherwise it will lead to the negative effect of another effect, that is, recency effect.I remember that there is a primacy effect in psychology. It belongs to the more important part of interpersonal communication, and
14、is the more important term in communication psychology. The impression produced in the first contact between man and man forms and occupies the dominant position in the other persons mind, which is the leading cause effect. What we often say is leave a good impression, which generally refers to the
15、first impression, where there is a primacy effect. Therefore, in social activities such as making friends, recruiting and job hunting, we can use this effect to show an excellent image and lay a good foundation for future communication.APWhich was not only in the workplace, in daily life, the first
16、effect is also play an important role in. Like to go to the supermarket shopping, a lot of people for the products to purchase the performance and quality of the screening effort often rarely, basically is with the first feeling, appearance, feel with your taste, it may be just as we choose the fore
17、ign aid as football coach,After buying home, I didnt find it as good as I felt in the mall. And the non rational choice, this consumption is often a crime, occasionally pick up eye beads, more is kanzouyan time. Hey, just thinking about the lack of love at first sight, piercing eye more rational!Acc
18、ording to Maslows theory of demand, human needs mainly include five levels: physiological needs, security needs, social needs, respect for needs and self actualization needsA musician must play music, a painter must paint, a poet must write poetry, that will make us feel the greatest joy. What is th
19、e role of what should be done?. This is called real self actualization. It was said by Maslow, a famous American psychologist!Indeed, people have a variety of needs, and the highest level of need is the need for self realization, for this need, I think if it is considered a Nothing is right. people
20、have this need, otherwise he will be happy to speak of what? Of course, this is only my personal opinion.The so-called self realization is aware of their shortcomings, at the same time, the most important is to be aware of their strengths, know their own strengths where you are good at what to put y
21、our talents to the maximum potential to do with, for what you do.For, although seemingly simple, but actually it will be really difficult, fit is done, the dress to suit his personality and body, meet according to the objective situation at the time, never overestimate their own, do not despise self
22、The need for self actualization refers to the need to realize ones ideal, ambition, and to maximize ones ability. According to Maslow, the approach taken to meet the needs of self actualization is different. Someone wants to be an ideal mother, someone can show up in sports, and others show up in pa
23、inting or invention. In short, the need for self actualization is the need to maximize ones potential.The level of human needs, Maslow is arranged in accordance with the three principles. First of all, the basic needs of human beings must be satisfied first, and then they will pursue higher levels f
24、urther and need pseudo satisfaction. Second, human needs are closely related to the growth and development of individuals. When a person was born, the most important is to meet the physiological needs, and then gradually taking into account the need for security, attribution, self-esteem, and finall
25、y to the pursuit of self realization, therefore, the needs of the individual structure of the development process is the evolution of wave type, the various needs of the advantages from one level to another level of evolution. Third, the level of human need relates to individual survival. Maslow bel
26、ieves that an ideal society should not only meet the basic physiological needs of people, but also enable people to meet the needs of higher levels, and encourage individuals to pursue self actualization.Mao Zedongs society, whether workers, peasants, students and intellectuals, mostly has ideals, a
27、spirations and ambitions, and their greatest ideal is to make contributions to society and humanity. Serving the people is the noblest ideal of those days. The war of Liu Hulan, Jiang Jie, Xu Yunfeng, Yang Kaihui, Wang Jinxis peace building workers, peasants, the peoples Liberation Army Chen Yonggui
28、 Lei Feng, regardless of their personal feelings, or vivid in their opinion, they are of indomitable spirit, made a contribution to the society, for the people, the most valuable happiness of great men. The Mao Zedong era is the human society especially the most heroic era from the civilian populati
29、on, and the content of the hero than Maslows self realization greater and more profound and more noble, they reflected in the value for all mankind, for the country, for the nation and dedication. There are thousands of willows in the spring breeze, and six hundred million in china.The so-called mot
30、ivation means to stimulate peoples motivation through a certain stimulus, so that people have an internal drive to achieve the desired goal. How to use the incentive mechanism to mobilize the enthusiasm of people, do all the work, not only for the rise and fall of the enterprise and development, mai
31、n functions and is also an effective leader or manager and the necessary quality management.First, to understand the ability, temperament and personality of the motivating object is the basis to arouse peoples enthusiasmArranging appropriate work is the prerequisite and basis for mobilizing enthusia
32、sm. As a leader or manager, to mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, to complete the necessary tasks, we must first understand the staffs ability, temperament and character, different circumstances entrusted with the task. As we all know, peoples ability is different, both the general ability differ
33、ences (observation, imagination, attention, memory and thinking ability, etc.), but also special ability differences (organizational skills, etc.). If the leader or manager can best use,Will bring the influence or even the loss to the work, more serious is to the talented persons waste.Secondly, gra
34、sp peoples temperament, so that managers can know. Temperament refers to the directionality, speed, intensity, and psychological activity of a persons typical mental process. Generally can be divided into: multi blood, that is lively and active type, the temperament of the people lively, active, vig
35、orous, witty, tactful, adaptable, good communication and so on. Phlegmatic type is also called the quiet type, the temperament of the people have strong feelings, emotional, but the character is withdrawn, timid. Bile type, also known as impatient type, the temperament of the people forthright, dire
36、ct, weak control, energetic. Thus, people with the first temperament, suitable for marketing and public relations work, and accounting personnel should choose to work seriously and carefully, quiet, calm, good patience, with mucus quality of artificial appropriate. Practice has proved that when a pe
37、rsons temperament characteristics meet the requirements of the work, this person is more easily adapt, work is more relaxed, but not suited to the contrary, the task is difficult to complete. Therefore, it is very important to understand a persons temperament.Two, to meet the basic needs of people,
38、is to mobilize the enthusiasm of the guaranteeThe theory of hierarchy of needs divides the basic needs of human beings from five levels to a higher level. Namely: physiological needs, security needs, social needs, respect for needs, self actualization needs. The physiological needs, also is the guar
39、antee of people enjoy the survival of the material needs, such as clothing, food, shelter, and medical needs, only the most basic needs are met maintains the life to have the degree, the rest of the several demands can become the new incentive factors. Security requirements, that is, personal safety
40、, labor safety, occupational safety, property security and so on. After the above physiological requirements are relatively satisfied, the security requirements will be displayed. Social demand is that people are willing to establish friendship, desire for support and friendship, hope to belong to a
41、 certain group, and to be accepted by the community and society. The need to respect is the need to have self-respect and respect for others, to gain fame or prestige, and to be recognized when achieving results. Self actualization needs are the highest level of human needs. This demand means that p
42、eople want to do the work commensurate with their ability, so that their potential capabilities can be played out. On the management or leadership angle, only to grasp the needs of people to actively create conditions to meet the needs of the people, to guide the needs, can be targeted to do managem
43、ent work, so as to achieve the purpose of encouraging the enthusiasm of the people.Three, the diversification of motivation is the way to arouse peoples enthusiasmIncentives should vary from person to person, flexible and diverse, adapt to different age, different hobbies, different departments and
44、different positions of peoples needs and pursuit, this is to mobilize peoples enthusiasm an effective way.First, adopt different reward methods. Managers should adopt different rewards according to the similarities and differences between the advantages and needs of each other, and make every effort
45、 to suit the needs of different people and improve the incentive effect.Two is the incentive way to be flexible and diverse. The strength of incentive effect on employee psychological, not depending on its level of economic value or spiritual encouragement, which depends on the workers individual di
46、fferences and group atmosphere, need to rely on some sort of incentives is consistent with most workers advantage. Therefore, enterprises can adopt different incentive mechanisms according to the characteristics of the enterprise. For example, can be used as the incentive to work, put the staff in h
47、is right position, and in the next possible conditions change to increase their novelty, thus giving work to more challenging, training staff enthusiasm and initiative for work; secondly can use participation incentive, through participation the formation of their sense of belonging to the enterpris
48、e, identity, self-esteem and can further meet the needs of self realization, inspire the enthusiasm and creativity of employees, to enable enterprises to get further development.Three, managers should combine material incentives and image incentives organically. Giving advanced models, bonuses, arti
49、cles, promotion and promotion can certainly play a role, but visual stimulation can make the incentive effect have a sustained and strengthening effect.In short, in the tide of market economy, in-depth study and explore how to use the positive incentive mechanism to mobilize people, is placed in front of leaders and managers of a new subject that need