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1、计算机在材料中的应用（The application of the computer in the material）The application of computer in material forming and processingIn this paper,With the development of computer technology,In particular, the function of microcomputer is continuously enhanced,Computer inApplications in all fields are becoming
2、more and more extensive. In the field of material forming and processing,The use of computers is also very bigThe development of,It mainly focuses on numerical simulation and automatic control of material forming process.This paper summarizes the liquid forming,Plastic forming,Computer simulation an
3、d computer control technology in the process of material formingIts development.The keyword:The computersimulationcontrolMaterial formingapplication1. Role and status of material forming and processing technologyMaterial forming and processing industry is an important part of manufacturing industry.
4、Material forming processing technology is automobile,electricityForce,Petrochemical,Basic manufacturing technologies for pillar industries such as shipbuilding and machinery,The new generation of materials processing technology is also the firstImportant content in manufacturing technology, C27The p
5、rocessing technology of casting, forging and welding is the national economyContinuing development of principal technologies.Rapid development of industrial technology requires the elaboration of manufactured products,Lightweight,integrated;The international competitionMore intense market demands hi
6、gh performance, low cost, short cycle;The deteriorating environment requires material addedRaw materials and energy consumption and low pollution. In order to produce high precision, high quality, high efficiency products, materialsA single traditional type to compound,Multi-functional development;T
7、he processing and manufacturing techniques of material forming are gradually integrated.Diversified, flexible and multi-academic. Therefore, the market economy, participation in global competition, must be very heavyTechnological advances in advanced manufacturing techniques and forming techniques.T
8、he application of computer simulation in material forming and processingMaterial forming process is extremely complex high temperature, dynamic and instantaneous process, difficult to observe directly. Using the meterThe computer simulation material forming process can predict the quality of the pro
9、duct and reduce the number of experiments;Determine the best process flowTo meet the requirements of a particular performance;Dynamic shows the evolution process and spatial distribution of various physical quantities;mentionHigh labor productivity.At present, the simulation technology can be used i
10、n the precise forming process of pressure casting and mold casting.The simulation study of welding process has also made encouraging progress.oneComputer simulation of liquid form1The computer simulation of the liquid forming process has been entered into the micro-simulation stage by the macro simu
11、lation of the shape dimension.from1992So far this year,Computer simulation of microstructure is carried out.Obtained repeatable product quality,The visualization of process is realized.1.1Computer simulation of liquid metal filling processThe computer applies the final assignment in the material sci
12、enceThe application of computer in material forming and processing- 2 -So far, many algorithms have been developed, such as parallel algorithm, three-dimensional finite element method, and 3dFinite difference method,The algorithm of numerical method and analytical method is used.The numerical simula
13、tion of the filling process has already occurredSome of the commoditized packages,And under pressure casting,Low pressure casting,Die casting and other casting methods,In theThe defect analysis and optimization process of actual casting have been applied positively.Future studies on imitation simula
14、tionThe development trend is to help design the pouring system.1.2Computer simulation of solidification processThe basic theoretical basis of numerical simulation of casting solidification process is the differential equation of Fourier conduction. The numerical simulationThe basic methods are finit
15、e difference method, finite element method and boundary element method.At present,The shrinkage cavity,The method of quantitative prediction has been applied in foundry,And got goodEconomic benefits. Such as deyang China double group foundry factory2001The Yangtze river was successfully simulated by
16、 computerThe impeller of the three gorges water turbine ended the import from Canada(The value of960The dollar)In the situation.1.3Computer simulation of the stress fieldThe simulation of the stress field of casting solidification process is also based on the heat transfer. Stress analysisThe model
17、that is used is a thermoelastic model,Thermal elastoplastic model,Thermal elastic model and elasticity,Ideal plastic model and so on,The methods used are finite element method, finite volume method and finite difference method.1.4Computer simulation of solidification processModeling and numerical si
18、mulation of solidification micro process is the phase morphology, grain size and grain size of the solidified structure of the casting.Simulation of microstructure and microscopic defect formation process of dendrite spacing,Finally, the prediction of all parts of the casting is achievedAnd the purp
19、ose of mechanical properties is to optimize the casting process of heavy human parts according to optimization design.Ensure its internal quality and mentionHigh casting performance.The main model of numerical simulation of solidification process is monte carlo model(Monte Carlo), phase field modelB
20、ased on the theory of interfacial stability, the auger growth model.2Computer simulation of plastic forming3The computer simulation of the plastic forming process is in real-time with the metal plastic forming process on the computerTrace description and demonstrate the technology of the process thr
21、ough a computer graphics system,As shown in figureoneShown below. Its purpose is toBy establishing an analytical model for the deformation of metal,Stress,Simulation of strain and tissue,Implementation of the processCheng,The shape of the blank and the optimization of mould structure.It can shorten
22、the research and development cycle,Improve product quality,extendeddieWith life,Lower production costs.In foreign countries,The numerical simulation of plastic forming has become a new product of some large enterprisesThe indispensable link in the development chain,At the same time, numerical simula
23、tion is also used to optimize the production process of existing productsImportant,As in ford,When general motors is developing new models,The number of sheet metal stamping processesValue simulation as an important technical link;German applied computer simulation technology to quality400 tThe nucl
24、ear powerThe forging process of rotor forging is checked and optimized to ensure a successful manufacture.The computer applies the final assignment in the material scienceThe application of computer in material forming and processing- 3 -figureoneComputer simulation process of plastic forming proces
25、sThe challenge of numerical simulation of plastic forming is:When establishing analytical model, the data is accurate;Into aStep to improve the finite element software;To develop parallel computing systems designed to improve computational efficiency;Development process design expert departmentsyste
26、m;Optimize the pre-forging cavity;Train high level operators.The existing simulation analysis of plastic forming method has the cutting method, slip line method, upper limit method, finite element method and edgeThe boundary element method is the most widely used in finite element method, especially
27、 the rigid finite element method.2.1The application of numerical simulation in plastic machiningOne of the most widely used, most effective and most effective methods in the numerical analysis of plastic forming isFinite element method. Finite element method is divided into static implicit finite el
28、ement method and dynamic explicit finite element method.Numerical simulation has been applied to volume forming.Sheet forming and the frontier of plastic formingMagnesium, aluminum, and other difficult deformation light alloy forming.2.2The application of artificial intelligence in plastic processin
29、gArtificial intelligence, also known as machine intelligence, is computer science, cybernetics, information theory, neurophysiology,A comprehensive discipline that has been developed in various disciplines such as psychology and linguistics. In recent years,Come on,The intelligent research results h
30、ave been successfully introduced into the metal plastic processing area.spinningForming intelligent control technology cold rolled aluminum foil,Intelligent control technology of strip steel and bar rolling,Cold forgeThe intelligent knowledge base system and neural network system of art design,The s
31、tamping continuous mode interaction design system,Bending processThe expert system of design, expert system of design of hot die forging, etc., have been developed and developed rapidly.3Computer simulation of connection formingComputer simulation of connection forming mainly refers to computer simu
32、lation of welding process.Current researchThe field includes the welding thermal process, welding metallurgical process, welding thermal stress, residual stress and deformation simulation.At present, the commonly used welding microstructure simulation method is mainly4Kind of:(1) empirical method;St
33、atistical methods;3.Direct simulation of tissue formation;It is based on the physical state variable method(Internal state variable method)It is.Select an effective method to heat the field.The stress field and the microstructure field are confounded,Building reflects realityThe model of the process
34、 of welding tissue change,And using the model to predict the welding joint performance,Direct instruction studentProduction process is the development direction of microstructure model in the future.4Looking forward toThe computer applies the final assignment in the material scienceThe application o
35、f computer in material forming and processing- 4 -Computer simulation technology has been widely used in liquid forming, plastic forming, connection forming and highMolecular material forming,Powder metallurgy forming,Composite material forming and other materials forming fields.Computer simulationT
36、he application of technology in the processing of materials,The new order of material forming process from qualitative description to quantitative predictionPeriod of;Provide theoretical basis and optimization plan for the processing of materials and the development of new process;The traditional ex
37、perience is wrongThe method is advanced to the knowledge - based computing test auxiliary stage;For the realization of small batch, high quality, costThe future manufacturing mode of low, delivery time, flexible production and friendly environment is of great significance.The application of computer
38、 control in material forming and processingThe development of material processing technology is mainly reflected in the rapid development of control technology.Microcomputer and programmable controller(PLC)The application of materials in the process of material processing is an embodiment of this de
39、velopment and trend. In the process of material processingUsing computer technology not only reduces labor intensity,Improved product quality and accuracy,Increase production.withThe computer can optimize the process of material processing.For example, in the computer to the process of mathematicsBa
40、sed on the model,The whole process of carburizing can be controlled by computer.In the preparation of the material,The process can be precisely controlled, such as material surface treatment(Heat treatment)Furnace temperature control, etc. To calculateTechnology and microelectronics technology,The c
41、ombination of automatic control technology,Process equipment,The accuracy of the detection meansAccuracy and so on.Control technology is also controlled by the initial simple sequence control to the mathematical model onlineAnd statistical process control,From decentralized individual control to com
42、puter integrated management and control,Control level mentionHigh reliability is guaranteed.oneComputer control principleIn the field of material processing and control,The use of more is microcomputer and programmable controller.Computer inThe application of material processing includes the followi
43、ng aspects:The automatic aggregation and processing of the materialized performance test dataAutomatic control of working process, computer aided design and manufacturing(CAD/CAM)Computer aided research, materialTotal quality management of material processing process.Use computer to detect and contr
44、ol production equipment or production process,The computer is in the material sectionThe important content of the application. Computer control parts,The instrument combines to form a computer detection and control system,As shown in figure2As shown in,The production process will be tested and contr
45、olled,Such as temperature, pressure, flow parameters,The first passThe sensor is collected and converted to electrical signals,Such as voltage,Current etc.,Im going to zoom in,Satisfies the AD converter(A/D)The requirements of,The amplified electrical signal is transmitted toA/D,byA/DThe plates turn the electrical signalsDigital signal,Through the input and output interface(I/O)Input computer,The computer is then preprogrammed to detect