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1、Grammar,Modal verbs 情态动词,Unit1 Festivals around the world,主要情态动词,Can, could May, might Must/have to Need Dare Will/would Shall/should/ought to,What modal verbs have you learned?,情态动词的语法特征,1）情态动词本身具有一定的意义 2）不能单独做谓语，不能独立使用。通常情况下，后面接动词原形，一起构成谓语,3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化,4）情态动词表示说话人的语气或情绪,1) Some of us can use th
2、e computer now, but we couldnt last year. 2) The new-built theatre can seat 1500 people. 3) Can she be in the computer center? 4) I think what he said can not be true. 5) Can/Could I use your dictionary? 6) Could you lend me a hand?,1.表能力,3. 表示“请求” “允许”(表请求时，口语中常用 could 代替 can 使语气更委婉，回答时用can),2. 表示推
3、测，意为“可能”“或许”，用于疑问句或否定句,1. can 与could,4. 表示“许可”，可与may 换用。,You can go home now.,5. can 用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、 不相信等，意思是“可能、能够”。,How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?,6. cant/ couldnt +have + done 表示对过去 情况的否定推测,Susan cant have written a report
4、 like this.,could + have + done 表示对过去能做而 未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾;常译为本可以,Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.,Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may 2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. ca
5、n B. should C. may D. must 3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have att
6、ended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended,B,A,A,A,2. may 与might,1. 表示“许可”或“请求”，有“可以”的意思，口语中 常用 might 代 may ,表示委婉语气。 否定回答时用“must not/can not”表“禁止，阻止”， 不用 “may not”.,Eg:- May I watch TV after supper? - Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.,2. 表示可能性。 意为“或许，可能” might 比 may 可能性小。,Eg: 1) It might
7、be true. 2) They may not be in the library now.,3. May you +动词原形 表“希望、祝愿、祈求” “祝你”,Eg: May you succeed.,1.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 2. Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people. A. must B. may
8、C. should D. would,3. will 与would,1. 表“请求、建议”等，用 would 比用will 委婉，客气些,Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?,2. 用于表示意志或意愿。 will 指现在， 而 would 指 过去。,Eg: 1) Ill never do that again. 2) They said that they would help us. 3) No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.,3.表示习惯性动作
9、。 译作 “总是、惯于” will 指现在， would 指过去。,Eg: 1)He will often read all night. 2) Fish will die without water. 3) Every evening, she would sit by window, deep in thought.,4. 表示功能，译作“能、行”,Eg: 1) That will be all right. 2) This door wont open.,1.The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of
10、the service,treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated,What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done,Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may
11、,Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should,D,D,B,D,4. Should ought to语气更强 否定为 ought not to Everybody ought to do at least two things.,1. 用于表劝告、建议。 意为”应该、应当”。,Eg: You should keep your promise.,2. 用于表推测。 意为 “可能、该”,Eg: 1) Its 7 oclock, he should b
12、e at home. 2) They should have arrived by now.,3. 用于第一人称，表示说话人的谦逊、客气的语气,I should advise you not to do that.,1. I dont care what people think.,Well, you _,A. could B. would C. should D. might,2. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There_ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall,C,A,5.
13、must, have to,must 必须：主动 have to不得不：被动接受 1. 表示义务、意图或建议：必须，应该 I must leave at six today. 我今天必须六点钟离开。 2. 表示推测：必定，一定 The light is still on, so he must be at home. 灯还是亮的，他一定在家 3. 表示主张：硬要，一定要 If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走,6.need“需要” dare“敢”,肯定句：need/dare to do (实意动
14、词) 否定句：neednt/darent do (情态动词),7. shall 1) 在一、三人称的疑问句中, shall用来 询问对方的意愿。如： Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 2) 用于二、三人称的陈述句中, 表说话人 命令、警告、允诺等口吻。如： He shall have the book when I finish reading. You shall do as I say.,情态动词+have+done,一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，
15、译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 二、 “cant/couldnt+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 2. Mary cant have stolen your money.
16、She has gone home. 三、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 四、 “may/might+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 1.What has happened to George?I dont know. He may have got lost. 2. She might have achieved greater progress, i
17、f you had given her more chances.,五、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 六、 “should+have+done”意思是 本来应该做某事,实际没做。 “shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。指责对方或自责的含意。 1.
18、Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 七、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 1.I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 2.You ought not to have given him more help.,Com
19、plete the following sentences using modal verbs.,Youve been working all day. You _ be very tired. 2. I wonder who that is. It _ be Lisa. Shes in the library at this time. 3. It is a long time since we met last time. You _ come and see us more often. 4. I havent decided where Im going for my holidays
20、. I _ go to Australia.,must,cant,should,may,5. - Who was the man talking with your teacher? - Im not sure. It _ be her brother. 6. I dont know when the guests be here. They _ arrive at any time.,might,will / could,As he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work.A. neednt B. may not C
21、. mustnt D. cant 2. I _ like to make a suggestion. A. could B. would C. must D. might 3. I know things are hard with you, but you _ try to get over the difficulties.A. can B. may C. must D. ought,C,C,B,Choose the best answers.,4. We hope that as many people as possible _ join us for the picnic tomor
22、row. A. may B. must C. should D. can5. I think Ill give Bob a ring.You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. would D. should,D,D,6. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would 7. You dont have to know the
23、 name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title. A. must B. need C. can D. would 8. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should,B,C,B,9. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 10. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should 11. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt,B,D,A,