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1、突破阅读长难句,长难句的构成 长难句的分析方法 长难句分析在高考阅读中的演练,Goals:,1 Lets research,1. 定位信息源,3. 加工转换信息源,2. 理解信息源,长难句,阅读理解核心步骤：,理解信息源,(2018全国1卷D) The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one functio
2、n, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.（40W）,长难句特点： 句子信息量大，结构复杂，附加成 分多（几种从句同时出现）常见插入、省略现象,(1)理解主旨要义 (2)理解文中具体信息 (3)猜测单词和短语的含义 (4)做出判断和推理 (5)理解文章的基本结构 (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度,阅读理解 考点分布,长难句普遍存在于高考阅读理解中，是语篇理解的关键，也是高考设题考查的重点，涉及到事实细节、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨要义各类题型。这符合高考英语课程标准阅读理解的测试要求，突出考查考生语言能力、学习能力、思维品质等核
3、心素养。,2.1 Lets learn the formation,Yang Songhao is working hard., Yang Songhao, is working hard to be admitted to Tsinghua University., Yang Songhao is working hard to be admitted to Tsinghua University, which is famous for its beautiful campus and academic atmosphere., With his dream in mind, Yang S
4、onghao is working hard to be admitted to Tsinghua University, which is famous for its beautiful campus and academic atmosphere.,(介词短语）,(从句),(非谓语),简单句, With his dream in mind, Yang Songhao is working hard to be admitted to Tsinghua University, which is famous for its beautiful campus and academic atm
5、osphere, and he believes that he can achieve his dream with his efforts and determination., With his dream in mind, Yang Songhao , an 18-year-old boy in Class 1610, is working hard to be admitted to Tsinghua University, which is famous for its beautiful campus and academic atmosphere, and he believe
6、s that he can achieve his dream with his efforts and determination.,(并列结构),(同位语),长难句的构成,主干部分：简单句,非谓语 从句 介词短语 同位语,（并列结构） A and/or /but/so B; A, B, and/or C,长难句,修饰语成分,一划线，二括修饰，三会意，,突破阅读长难句,2.2 Lets learn the strategy,1. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world that is far busier, nosier an
7、d more intimate(亲密的) than the one we can see and hear.(2017年全国二卷),一划：划主干、给主谓宾划_,牛刀小试： 2) (2018全国1卷D) To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughou
8、t its life.,With his dream in mind, Yang Songhao is working hard to be admitted to Tsinghua University, which is famous for its beautiful campus and academic atmosphere, and he believes that he can achieve his dream with his efforts.,一划：划主干、给主谓宾划_，,圈并列,Tip1：,牛刀小试： (2018全国1卷B) Good Morning Britains S
9、usanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.,并列连词and, but, or, so可连接几个并列的成分或句子，如A and B, 这时应先找B,再找A, 根据B确定并列的成分是单个的词、短语还是句子。圈出并列句的连词，可将长句一分为二，大大简化长难
10、句。,1. Two of the authors of the review made a study published in 2014 which showed a five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全国1卷),牛刀小试： 2. For many older people who lived in the country, driving was very important for preserving t
11、heir independence, giving them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others. (2017全国2卷D),二括：括出修饰语： 给介短, 非谓和从句加( ),(,(,(,(,(,(,(,(,(,(,(,(,(,(,In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been
12、recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. (2014年全国1卷D),Many scholars are making efforts to _,promote global languages. rescue the disappearing languages. search for languages communities. set up languages research organizations.,),(,三会意：,先主干，,(,(,(,(,(,),),),(100所名校三B) My son Gus
13、 has food allergies to peanuts and tree nuts, and even the smallest amount of accidental ingestion(摄取） can touch off anaphylaxis- a severe immune response that affects multiple systems and can throw the body into shock. What does the underlined phrase “touch off” probably mean? A. Describe B. Recove
14、r C. Affect D. Cause,后修饰，,三会意：先主干，,(,(,Tip2：,长难句中除介词短语、非谓语和从句这些修饰语之外，还常带有插入语、如同位语或用破折号、冒号等补充信息或插入新话题。,牛刀小试： The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005- when the government started a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer
15、 use dropped by 7.7 million tons. (2018全国2卷),(,(,between 2005,and 2011,(100所名校二D Para1) In Britain, the charity Arrhythmia Alliance estimates that at least 500,000 people have atrial fibrillation (心房颤动)， which causes an irregular heart rhythm and raises the risk of stroke, but have not yet been diag
16、nosed because of no obvious symptoms. What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A. Many British people have potential risk of stroke. B. 500,000 British people sense irregular heart rhythm obviously. C. 500,000 British people have been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. D. The charity makes a wrong ju
17、dgment about the number of stroke patients.,层层分析得真意。,三会意：先主干，后修饰，,that,which,(,(,(,(,3. Lets conclude,长难句，看仔细, 一划二括三会意。 划主干，圈并列。（一划圈） 括修饰，不能少， 介短非谓和从句 （二括修饰） 先主干，后修饰。 层层分析得真意。（三会意）,高考阅读长难句分析口诀,Tip1：,Tip2：,长难句中除介词短语、非谓语和从句这些修饰语之外，还常带有插入语、如同位语、或用破折号、冒号等补充信息或插入新话题。,并列连词and, but, or, so可连接几个并列的成分或句子，如A
18、and B, 这时应先找B,再找A, 根据B确定并列的是成分还是句子。圈出并列句的连词，可将长句一分为二，大大简化长难句。,4. Lets practice,1) Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. (2017年全国二卷) What does a plant do when it is under attack? A. It makes n
19、oise. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly. D. It sends out certain chemicals.,一划线 二括修饰 三会意,3) (2018全国1卷B) In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes fo
20、r under 5 per family a day.,25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.,一划线二括修饰三会意,2) Thousands of children and teenagers face a rising sleeplessness crisis
21、, with the number of admissions to hospital of young people with sleep disorders increasing sharply in six years, The Guardian reported. (100所名校二C) What is the report of The Guardian mainly about? A. Quality of childrens sleep B. Sleep-health relationships C. Childrens serious sleep problems D. Chil
22、drens admissions to hospital.,一划线二括修饰三会意,4) (2018全国1卷B) Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.,24.What do we know about
23、 Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making Yo
24、urself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less,5) (2018全国1卷D) To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life -from when its minerals are
25、mined to when we stop using the device. 33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.,一划线二括修饰三会意,6) (2018全国1卷C Para 2) In recen
26、t centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Ch
27、inese are increasingly taking over.,29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Complex.B. Advanced. C. Powerful.D. Modern.,一划线二括修饰三会意,3. Lets conclude,长难句，看仔细, 一划二括三会意。 划主干，圈并列。（一划） 括修饰，不能少， 介短非谓和从句 （二括） 先主干，后修饰。 层层分析得真意。（三会意）,高考阅读长难句分析口诀,Tip1：,Tip2：,长难句中除介词短语、非谓语和从句这些修饰语之外，还常带有插入语、如同位语、或用破折号、冒号等补充信息或插入新话题。,并列连词and, but, or, so可连接几个并列的成分或句子，如A and B, 这时应先找B,再找A, 根据B确定并列的是成分还是句子。圈出并列句的连词，可将长句一分为二，大大简化长难句。,Thank you,