陕旅游出版社小学英语语法知识汇总.doc

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1、 (语法)小学英语语法大全摘要:一、名词复数规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s。 x。 sh。 ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives Leaf-leaves wifewives5不规则名词复数:man-men,

2、woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,child-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_man_ woma

3、n_二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍【No。 1】一般现在时的功能1。表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue。天空是蓝色的。2。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day。我天天六点起床。3。表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun。地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1。 be动词:主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如:I am a boy。我是一个男孩。2。行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它)。如:We study English。我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)

4、时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese。玛丽喜欢汉语。【No。 2】一般现在时的变化1。 be动词的变化。否定句:主语 be not 其它。如:He is not a worker。他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be 主语 其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes。 I am。 / No, Im not。非凡疑问句:疑问词 一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2。行为动词的变化。否定句:主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。如:I dont like bread。当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句

5、。如:He doesnt often play。一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如:- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do。 / No, I dont。当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does。 / No, she doesnt。动词 s的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s。 x。 sh。 ch。 o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes

6、, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_wash_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1。 He often _(have) dinner at home。2。 Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One。3。 We _(not wat

7、ch) TV on Monday。4。 Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday。5。 _ they _(like) the World Cup?6。 What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7。 _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8。 The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays。9。 She and I _(take) a walk together every evening。10。 There _(be) some water in th

8、e bottle。11。 Mike _(like) cooking。12。 They _(have) the same hobby。13。 My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully。14。 You always _(do) your homework well。15。 I _(be) ill。 Im staying in bed。16。 She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday。17。 Liu Tao _(do) not like PE。18。 The child often _(watch) TV in the

9、 evening。19。 Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term。20。 What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday三、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing。3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意 be 主语 动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词不达意 be 动词ing?动词加ing的变化规

10、则1一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二

11、、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1。The boy _ ( draw)a picture now。2。 Listen ,Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom 。3。 My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now。4。 What _ you _ ( do ) now?5。 Look 。 They _( have) an English lesson 。6。They _(not ,water) the flowers now。7。Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom 。8。What is

12、 our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music。9。 Its 5 oclock now。 We _(have)supper now10。_Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is 。四、将来时理论及练习一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:be going to do;will do。三、否定句:在be动词(a

13、m, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon。 Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon。四、同义句:be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天)。 = I will go swimming tomorrow。练习:填空。1。 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends。I _ have a picnic wit

14、h my friends。2。我们将要学习英语We _ _ _ learn English。We _ learn English。五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didnt 动词原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday。动词过去式变化规则:1一般在动词末尾加-

15、ed,如:work_-worked , cook-cooked2结尾是e加d,如:live_lived3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied5不规则动词过去式:am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-

16、put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isam_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ put _kick_ pass_ do _Be动词的过去时练习(1)Name _ No。 _ Date _一、用be动词的适当形式填空1。 I _ at school just now。2。 He _ at the camp last week。3。

17、 We _ students two years ago。4。 They _ on the farm a moment ago。5。 Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year。6。 There _ an apple on the plate yesterday。7。 There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday。8。 The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening。一、用be动词的适当形式填空1。 I _ an English teacher now。2。 She _ h

18、appy yesterday。3。 They _ glad to see each other last month。行为动词的过去时练习(2)Name _ No。 _ Date _一、用be动词的适当形式填空1。 I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday。2。 Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night。3。 We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park。 (go)4。 _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5。 _ he _

19、 (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _。6。 Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday。7。 I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _。8。 What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly。六、人称代词和物主代词主格宾格 形容词性 名词性I me my mineyou you youryourshe him his hissh

20、e her her hersitit its itswe us our oursthey them theirtheirs习题一。用所给词的适当形式填空1。 That is not _ kite。 That kite is very small, but _ is very big。 ( I )2。 The dress is _。 Give it to _。 ( she )3。 Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ 。 ( I )4。 _ is my brother。 _ name is Jack。 Look! Those stamps are _。 ( h

21、e )二、用am, is, are 填空1。 I _ a boy。 _ you a boy? No, I _ not。2。 The girl_ Jacks sister。3。 The dog _ tall and fat。4。 The man with big eyes _ a teacher。5。 _ your brother in the classroom?6。 Where _ your mother? She _ at home。7。 How _ your father?8。 Mike and Liu Tao _ at school。9。 Whose dress _ this?10。

22、Whose socks _ they?语法及练习1 be动词Be 动词的用法:(1) Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,复数全用are。(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London。 He is(not) a teacher。 She is(not) in the dining room。 My hair is(not) long。 Her eyes are(not) small。(3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are。 No, you arent。 Are they Am

23、erican? Yes, they are。 No, they arent。 Is the cat fat? Yes, it is。 No, it isnt。用恰当的be动词填空。1。 I _ a boy。 _ you a boy? No, I _ not。2。 The girl_ Jacks sister。3。 The dog _ tall and fat。4。 The man with big eyes _ a teacher。5。 _ your brother in the classroom?6。 Where _ your mother? She _ at home。7。 How _

24、your father?8。 Mike and Liu Tao _ at school。9。 Whose dress _ this?10。 Whose socks _ they?11。 That _ my red skirt。12。 Who _ I?13。The jeans _ on the desk。14。 Here _ a scarf for you。15。 Here _ some sweaters for you。16。 The black gloves _ for Su Yang。17。 This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling。18。 The two c

25、ups of milk _ for me。19。 Some tea _ in the glass。20。 Gao shans shirt _ over there。21。 My sisters name _Nancy。22。 This _ not Wang Fangs pencil。23。 _ David and Helen from England?24。 There _ a girl in the room。25。 There _ some apples on the tree。26。 _ there any kites in the classroom?27。 _ there any a

26、pple juice in the bottle?28。 There _ some bread on the plate。29。 There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park。30。 You, he and I _ from China。语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。一。填写代词表主格。

27、I it weyou themhis yourhers二。用所给词的适当形式填空。1。 That is not _ kite。 That kite is very small, but _ is very big。 ( I )2。 The dress is _。 Give it to _。 ( she )3。 Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ 。 ( I )4。 _ is my brother。 _ name is Jack。 Look! Those stamps are _。 ( he )5。 _ dresses are red。 (we) What

28、colour are _? ( you )6。 Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7。 I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8。 Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9。 I have a beautiful cat。 _name is Mimi。 These cakes are _。 ( it )10。 Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _。 _ arent here。 ( they ) 11。 Shall _ have a look a

29、t that classroom? That is _ classroom。 ( we )12。 _ is my aunt。 Do you know _ job? _ a nurse。 ( she )13。 That is not _ camera。 _is at home。 ( he )14。 Where are _? I cant find _。 Lets call _ parents。 ( they )15。 Dont touch _。 _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16。 _ sister is ill。 Please go and get _。 ( she )17。

30、_ dont know her name。 Would you please tell _。 ( we )18。 So many dogs。 Lets count _。 ( they )19。 I have a lovely brother。 _ is only 3。 I like _ very much。 ( he )20。 May I sit beside _? ( you )21。 Look at that desk。 Those book are on _。 ( it )22。The girl behind _ is our friend。 (she )语法及练习3 名词复数和动词三单

31、一、名词复数规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s。 x。 sh。 ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, pol

32、icewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,。tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese练习:写出下列各词的复数。I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ book_child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_

33、 paper_ people_二动词三单的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s。 x。 sh。 ch。 o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ teach_语法及练习

34、4 一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1。表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue。天空是蓝色的。2。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day。我每天六点起床。3。表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun。地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1。 be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy。我是一个男孩。2。行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English。我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在

35、动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese。玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1、 be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker。他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes。 I am。 / No, Im not。特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2、行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I dont like bread。 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句。如:He doesnt often play。一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do。 / No, I dont。当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does。 / No, she doesnt。特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?一般现在时用法专练:一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1。 He oft

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