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4、s private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 71 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is
5、 called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 72 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”73 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 2
6、6. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 74 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” Th
7、e message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”75 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B .Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C. Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.
8、Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet. 2【2016全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白
9、处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 71 . But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding
10、who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. _72 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 73 .
11、However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall(回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad,
12、 but thats not whats important. 74 -how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 75 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. H
13、ave fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garde
14、n, tooG. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have 3【2016全国新课标III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 71 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per y
15、ear, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 72 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 73 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the
16、 fish isnt fresh. 74 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.
17、75 .First,leanitandseasonitwith yourchoiceofspices.Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound. (Alargeronewilltakemoretime.) Then, itsreadytoserve. (spices 调料）A. Donotbuyit.B. Theeasiestistosteamit.C. Thisishowyoucandoit.D. Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E. Th
18、efishwillgobadwithinhours.F. Whenbuyingfish, youshouldfirstsmellit.G. Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.4【2016北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the r
19、eward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting
20、, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived
21、, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases
22、during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well. 75 For the risk-s
23、eekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, well continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A. It all depends on your
24、 character.B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F. However, we are
25、 not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.5【2016四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. _71 In gene
26、ral, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 72 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in ferti
27、lity(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks._73Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Th
28、ecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen._74Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.Othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.75AHowever,women,onaverage,liv
29、elonger.B.Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife.G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebod
30、ytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions.7（2015年全国新课标I）第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 71 . That is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relatio
31、nship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore,
32、72 . Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.l 73 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.l 74 If youve been betray
33、ed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.l You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situa
34、tion from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. _75_ instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone
35、.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant b
36、ear to let it happen again.8（2015年全国新课标II）第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 71 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say whi
37、ch brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 72 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes befo
38、re each run to prevent injuries. During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. _73_, it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 74 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 75 . Dependi
39、ng on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in
40、them F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time9（2015北京）第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especia
41、lly when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsib
42、le for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some
43、opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple, like
44、taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. _74_ Finally, you never know what wonderful id
45、ea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldnt ha
46、ve relatively, Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G. Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.10（2014年全国课标I）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 71 By helping them develop classic skills th