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1、小学英语语法,1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es， 如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries,名词复数规则,4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es， 如：knife-knives leafleaves 5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women,
2、child-children；foot-feet；tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,写出下列各词的复数 I _him _ this _ her _ watch _ child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _thief _you _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_,一般现在时
3、基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时,一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语 be (am, is, are) 其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语 行为动词( 其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, i
4、t)时，要在动词 后加“-s”或“-es” 如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。,一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语 be not 其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be 主语 其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句。 如：Where is my bike?,讲义共享,2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。 如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数，
5、用doesnt构成否定句 如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。 如- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数，要用does构成一般疑问句 - 如 -Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.,动词 s的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s， 如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es， 如：guess
6、-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如study-studies,一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to t
7、he zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?7. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.8. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.,三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She lik
8、es milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_4. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Isyour brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _,现在进行时,1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段
9、时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing. 3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句 首。 5、现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它？ 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词+be动词+doing+其它?,动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加ing， 如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing， 如：make-making, taste-tasting 3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母， 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing如：run-run
10、ning, stop-stopping,现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：run_ swim _make_ begin_go_ like_write_ shop _have _sing_dance _put_ see_ love_ live_ take_ come _get _stop_ sit _ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _( draw) a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing) in the classroom .3. My mother _( cook )some nice foodnow.4. W
11、hat _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .,三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_,一般将来时,一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及 打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorro
12、w（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to do；will do. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on
13、 an outing this weekend,五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1、问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2、问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3、问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at
14、nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.,练习：填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.（同义句 3
15、. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?,用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.2.My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week.3.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today
16、 is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.4.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5.Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.,一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或 存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am
17、 和is在一般过去时中变为was（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） 3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt 动词原形， 如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.,动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work- -worked , 2结尾是e加d，如：live-lived 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied,5不规则动词过去
18、式： am、is-was, are-were, do-did see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat,一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.2. We all _ (have) a goo
19、d time last night.3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _a book yesterday. (read)6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.7. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.,六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后
20、面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er ； 以字母e 结尾，加r ；以1元音字母和1辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ； 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。,3、不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful- more beautiful 二、副词的比较级 1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2副词比较
21、级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better，far-farther,一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 short_strong_ big_ small_fat_ thin_heavy_ light_nice_ good_ beautiful_low_high_ slow_fast_late_early_ far_ well_二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _(old) than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you?
22、Yes, she is.4. Who is _(thin), you or Helen? Helen is.,5._Nancy sing _(well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 6.Fangfang is not as _(tall) as the other girls. 7.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she) 8.Who gets up _(early), Tim or Tom? 9._the girls get up _(early) than the boys? No, they_.,三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_ is
23、 _than Jim？_ are2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like _.All my_ _than me. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_pencil is _,_or _？_is, I think.4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_ _ _than my _. 5.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise, youll _soon.,There be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某人/物 2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，
24、be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be表示在某地有某人/物；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。,5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用some 用于肯定 ，any用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？How muc
25、h + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语,Fill in the blank with “have, has”or “there is , there are” 1. I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk. 3. He_ a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_ some dresses.,人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主
26、格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。,人称代词和物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours they them their theirs,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.That is not _kite. That kite is very small, but _i
27、s very big.( I ) 2.The dress is _. Give it to _( she ) 3._is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are_ ( he ) 4.I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ) 5.Show _ your kite, OK? (they),用am，is，are填空。 1. That _ my red skirt. 2. Who _ I? 3.The jeans _ on the desk. 4. The black gloves _for Su Yang. 5. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 6. The two cups of milk _ for me. 7. Some tea _ in the glass.,