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1、Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864),Life Literary creation Elements of a fiction Analysis of The Scarlet Letter,Life,Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692 Father/mother/sisters,Life,Collection of writing materials Caree
2、r : in the 1830s/edited a magazine in Boston worked at the customs office Surveyor of the Port of Salem a consular position in Liverpool,Works,Moses from an Old Manse 古厦青苔1846 The Scarlet Letter 红字1850 The House of the Seven Gables 七个尖角阁的房子1851 The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇 1852 The Marble Faun 玉石神像18
3、60,Works,The House of the Seven Gables 七个尖角阁的房子1851 An appalling fictional version of Hawthornes belief that “the wrong-doing of one generation lives into the successive ones,” and that evil will come out of evil though it may take many generation to happen,Works,In “The Custom House” he remarks, “H
4、uman nature will not flourish any more than a potato, if it be planted and replanted, for too long a series of generations, in the same worn-out soil.” He also reveals the depth of his concern with the dark side of Puritanism, the harshness and the persecutions.,Works,His ability to create vivid and
5、 symbolic images that embody great moral questions appears strongly in his short stories. Ethan Brand 伊桑布兰德 Young Goodman Brown 好小伙子布朗 Dr. Heideggers Experiment 海德格博士的体验 The Ambitious Guest 野心勃勃的客人 The Great Stone Face 巨石脸,Literary works,1） He took a great interest in history and antiquity Hawthorne
6、 was convinced that romance(冒险故事，浪漫史，传奇文学) was the predestined form of American narrative. “Romance and poetry, like ivy, lichen(地衣）, and wall flowers, need Ruin to make them grow” (Preface to The Marble Faun),Literary works,2）All his life, Hawthorne seems to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil
7、in life. Most of his works deal with evil one way or another. It illustrates to some extent the influence that the Calvinist doctrine of “original sin” and total depravity had upon his mind.,Literary works,3）One source of evil in Hawthorne is overweening(过于自信的，自负的） intellect. Then tension between th
8、e head (intellect) and the heart (warmth and feeling) constitutes one of the elements which make his writings enchanting. E.g.: Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter,elements of a fiction,Plot Setting Characterization Point of view Theme Style,elements of a fiction,Plot is what happens in a narrative.
9、 It is a pattern of carefully selected, causally related events that contains conflict. Characterization is the authors presentation and development of characters. The force in a conflict are usually embodied by characters, the most relevant being protagonist and antagonist,elements of a fiction,Set
10、ting refers to the time, place, social environment, and atmosphere. Point of view: first-person point of view(第一人称视角) omniscient point of view (third person):（全知视角) Limited omniscient point of view( third person)（有限全知视角） Objective point of view（客观叙述):Though the author is the narrator, he refuses to
11、enter the minds of any of the characters. There are a lot of dialogues.,The Setting,Place: a Puritan town, a dark forest, Scaffold Time: 17th century Social environment: Puritan community ( Every Puritan had the responsibility of examine his own motive and actions in detail. His heart had to be pure
12、, he had to experience an motional rebirth in Christ in order to have any hope of salvation. Atmosphere: Calvinism Calvin, John (1509-1564) ideas: purity, simplicity, self reliance and devout（虔诚的） to religious faith,The Plot,Hester-Pearl-Dimmesdale-Chillingworth The main conflict: individual VS soci
13、ety. The miner conflicts: good VS evil head VS heart,Hester Prynne,a combination of head and heart a dynamic(动力的，变化的） Dimmesdale does it finally.,Sin VS morality,What the author was predominantly(主要地）concerned with was the moral, emotional, and psychological effect of the sin on people in general and those complicated in it in particular.,