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1、单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus )语法精讲一、动词的时态根据最新教学大纲规定，初中阶段要求学生必须掌握的动词时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时及现在完成时。1一般现在时一般现在时表示现阶段经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态和客观真理，常用的时间状语有 often， usually， always，sometimes，every day(week ， month) 等。如：He usually goes to school by bike. 他通常骑自行车上学。The sun rises from the east.太阳从东方升起。【注意】 在条件状
2、语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：If you dont go there soon ， youll be late. 如果你不快点去那里，你将会迟到的。You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor. 看医生之前你不能吃东西。2一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有yesterday ， ago， lastnight(week ，month) ， just now ，in 2019 等。如：It snowed heavily last night. 昨天晚上雪下得很大。It was very co
3、ld yesterday. 昨天非常冷。3一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有tomorrow ，nextweek(year， month)， in two days 等。如：Mr.Wu will teach us English this term.这学期吴老师将教我们英语。I will go to my hometown next week.下周我要回老家。【拓展】 (1) “ be going to 动词原形”表示即将发生某事或者打算、计划要做某事。如：Im going to do my homework this evening.我打算今天晚
4、上做我的家庭作业。(2)come ，go， start， move， leave 等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。如：The whole familys going for two months.全家将要去两个月。They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.他们明天动身去北京。4现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常用的时间状语有now，at this moment 等或句首第 1页有提示词look ， listen 等。如：Im reading a book now. 我现在正在读一本书。Look! They are playing f
5、ootball on the playground.看！他们正在操场上踢足球。5过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常用时间状语有at this(that)time yesterday， at nine oclock yesterday 等。如：They were having math class this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他们正在上数学课。I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in. 老师进来时，我正在画一匹马。6现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或
6、表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。常与already， never， ever， just， yet 等时间状语或these days， for two years，“ since过去时态”等连用。如：I have already posted the photos. 我已经把这些照片寄出去了。He has taught at this school since 2019. 他从 2019 年起一直在这所学校任教。二、动词的语态被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者。常考的动词的被动语态如下：1一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：Computers are
7、made in the USA. 计算机是在美国被制造的。Our classroom is cleaned every day.我们的教室每天都被打扫。2一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：This park was built in 2019. 这个公园建造于2019 年。Last year many trees and flowers were planted in our school. 去年我们学校种植了许多树和花。3一般将来时的被动语态由“will be 及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：The classroom will be cleaned by
8、Li Lei tomorrow.明天李磊将打扫教室。The homework will be finished in ten minutes.作业将在10 分钟内完成。4现在完成时的被动语态由“has/have been及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：The dirty clothes have been washed. 这些脏衣服都已经洗了。The child has been taken care of by her all these years. 这些年来，这个孩子都由她照顾。5含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：The young trees shoul
9、d be planted in spring. 应该在春天植树。第 2页My homework can be finished in one hour today. 今天我的家庭作业可以在一个小时内完成。语法精练 .用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1 A serious car accident happened(happen) in this street last Sunday.2 What will the weather be like this coming Saturday? I hope it will_be(be) a fine day for our picnic! I ca
10、nt wait!3 Do you like junk food ， Linda? Thats my favorite.The more junk food I have(have) ， the happier I will_be(be) 4 What did your mother say about this? She said(say) that she would_try(try) her best to help me with my English next term.5 Dont get off the bus until it stops(stop) ， Tom. I wont
11、， Dad.Dont worry about me.6 Is your father a doctor? Yes， he is.He works(work) in the Childrens Hospital.7 I called you yesterday evening ， but there was no answer. Oh， Im sorry.I was_having(have) dinner at my friends houseat that time.8 Is this jacket yours ， Linda? No.I think it belongs(belong) to
12、 Maria.She has a red one.9 Bill is a good student.He always finishes(finish) his homework on time.10 Ihavent_read(not read) the book Little Women yet ，but Ill let you read it first.11 A talk on science will_be_given(give) in our school next Sunday.12 The letter is_written(write) in Japanese.Can you
13、read it for me?13 Chinese is_spoken(speak) by more and more people in the world now.14 The magazines must_be_returned (must return) to the library in two weeks.15 What kind of rice do you think is the best to eat? I like to eat the rice that is_grown(grow) in the south of China.16 Something must be_
14、done(do) to make our city a better place to live in.17 Three patients have_been_operated(operate) on by the famous doctor in the past 10 hours.18 We are_told(tell) not to play computer games at school.19 The little boy was often seen to_read(read) books by the lake after school.第 3页20 The phone was_
15、invented(invent) by Bell.He is very great.按要求完成句子 ，每空一词。21 I have learned five hundred English words.( 改为一般疑问句 )Have you learned five hundred English words?22 They built a new park in our city last year.( 改为被动语态 )A new park was built in our city last year.23 People used radios to learn English in th
16、e past.( 改为被动语态 )Radios were used to learn English in the past.24 You can bring your friends to my birthday party tomorrow evening.( 改为被动语态 )Your friends can be brought to my birthday party tomorrow evening.25 The students clean the classroom every day.(用 now 作时间状语改写句子 )The students are cleaning the classroom now.第 4页