1、 . 新航道学校 IELTS READING雅思阅读 高分必备习题集注：本习题集仅供新航道部学员使用，严禁翻印，传阅。 Contents1. Amateur naturalist 业余自然学家P32. Communicating Styles and Conflict 交流的方式与冲突(P6)3. Health in the Wild 野生动物自愈.(p10)4. The Rainmaker 人工造雨(P13)5. Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter 舒梅克彗星撞木星(P16)6. A second look at twin studies 双胞胎研
2、究(P19)7. Transit of Venus 金星凌日(P22)8. Placebo EffectThe Power of Nothing抚慰剂效应(P25)9. The origins of Laughter 笑的起源(P29)10. Rainwater Harvesting 雨水收集(P32)11. Serendipity:The Accidental Scientists科学偶然性(P36)12. Terminated! Dinosaur Era! 恐龙时代的终结(P40)13. TV ADDICTION 电视上瘾(P43)14. EI nino and Seabirds 厄尔尼诺
3、和水鸟(P46)15. The extinct grass in Britain 英国灭绝的某种草(P50)16. Education philosophy教育的哲学(P53)17. The secret of Yawn打哈欠的秘密(P57)18. consecutive and simultaneous translation交替传译和同声传译(P60)19. Numeracy: can animals tell numbers?动物会数数么？(P63)20. Going nowhere fast(P66)21. The seedhunters种子收集者(P69)22. The conque
4、st of Malaria in Italy意大利征服疟疾(P72)89 / 89READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.文章背景：业余自然学家主要讲述的是有一些人，平时喜欢观察自然界的植物生长，养蜂过程，气候变化，等等与大自然相关的变化并且做记录得到一些数据，这种数据叫做“amateur data. 本文主要介绍业余自然学家以及一些专业自然学家探讨业余自然学家的数据是否能用，以及应该如何使用这些自然学家的数据，
5、其可信度有多少等问题。Amateur NaturalistsFrom the results of an annual Alaskan betting contest to sightings of migratory birds, ecologists are using a wealth of unusual data to predict the impact of climate change.A Tim Sparks slides a small leather-bound notebook out of an envelope. The books yellowing pages
6、contain beekeeping notes made between 1941and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire. He adds it to his growing pile of local journals, birdwatchers list and gardening diaries. “Were uncovering about one major new record each month, he says, “I still get surprised. Around two cen
7、turies before Coates, Robert Marsham, a landowner from Norfolk in the east of England, began recording the life cycles of plants and animals on his estate- when the first wood anemones flowered, the dates on which the oaks burst into leaf and the rooks began nesting. Successive Marshams continued co
8、mpiling these notes for 211 years.B Today, such records are being put to uses that their authors could not possibly have expected. These data sets, and others like them, are proving invaluable to ecologists interested in the timing of biological events, or phenology. By combining the records with cl
9、imate data, researchers can reveal how, for example, changes in temperature affect the arrival of spring, allowing ecologists to make improved predictions about the impact of climate change. A small band of researchers is combing through hundreds of years of records taken by thousands of amateur nat
10、uralists. And more systematic projects have also started up, producing an overwhelming response. “The amount of interest is almost frightening, says Sparks, a climate researcher at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Monks Wood, Cambridgeshire.C Sparks first became aware of the army of “closet p
11、henologists, as he describes them, when a retiring colleague gave him the Marsham records. He now spends much of his time following leads from one historical data set to another. As news of his quest spreads, people tip him off to other historical records, and more amateur phenologists come out of t
12、heir closets. The British devotion to recording and collecting makes his job easier- one man from Kent sent him 30 years worth of kitchen calendars, on which he has noted the date that his neighbours magnolia tree flowered.D Other researchers have unearthed data from equally odd sources. Rafe Sagari
13、n, an ecologist at Stanford University in California, recently studied records of a betting contest in which participants attempt to guess the exact time at which a specially erected wooden tripod will fall through the surface of a thawing river. The competition has taken place annually on the Tenan
14、a River in Alaska since 1917, and analysis of the results showed that the thaw now arrives five years earlier than it did when the contest began.E Overall, such records have helped to show that, compared with 20years ago, a raft of natural events now occur earlier across much of the northern hemisph
15、ere, from the opening of leaves to the return of birds from migration and the emergence of butterflies from hibernation. The data can also hint at how nature will change in the future. Together with models of climate change, amateurs records could help guide conservation. Terry Root, an ecologist at
16、 the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, has collected birdwatchers counts of wildfowl taken between 1955 and 1996 on seasonal ponds in the American Midwest and combined them with climate data and models of future warming. Her analysis shows that the increased droughts that the models predict could
17、 halve the breeding populations at the ponds. “The number of waterfowl in North America will most probably drop significantly with global warming, she says.F Butnot all professionals are happy to use amateur data. “A lot of scientists wont touch them, they say theyre too full of problems, says Root.
18、 Because different observers can have different ideas of what constitutes, for example, an open snowdrop. “The biggest concern with ad hoc observations is how carefully and systematically they were taken, says Mark Schwartz of the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, who studies the interactions betw
19、een plants and climate. We need to know pretty precisely what a persons been observing- if they just say I note when the leaves came out, it might not be that useful, Measuring the onset of autumn can be particularly problem-atic because deciding when leaves change colour is a more subjective proces
20、s than noting when they appear.G Overall, most phenologists are positive about the contribution that amateurs can make. “They get at the raw power of science: careful observation of the natural world, says Sagarin. But the professionals also acknowledge the need for careful quality control. Root, fo
21、r example, tries to gauge the quality of an amateur archive by interviewing its collector. “You always have to worry- things as trivial as vacations can affect measurement. I disregard a lot of records because theyre not rigorous enough, she says. Others suggest that the right statistics can iron ou
22、t some of the problems with amateur data. Together with colleagues at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, environmental scientist Arnold van Vliet is developing statistical techniques to account for the uncertainty in amateur phenological data. With the enthusiasm of amateur phenologists evide
23、nt from past records, professional researchers are now trying to create standardized recording schemes for future efforts. They hope that well-designed studies will generate a volume of observations large enough to drown out the idiosyncrasies of individual recorders. The data are cheap to collect,
24、and can provide breadth in space, time and range of species. “Its very difficult to collect data on a large geographical scale without enlisting an army of observers, says Root.H Phenology also helps to drive home messages about climate change. “Because the public understand these records, they acce
25、pt them, says Sparks. It can also illustrate potentially un pleasant consequences, he adds, such as the finding that more rat infestations are reported to local councils in warmer years. And getting people involved is great for public relations. “People are thrilled to think that the data theyve bee
26、n collecting as a hobby can be used for something scientific it empowers them, says Root. Questions 27-33Reading Passage 3 has eight paragraphs A-HWhich paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.27.The definition of phenology28. Ho
27、w Sparks first became aware of amateur records29. How people reacted to their involvement in data collection30. The necessity to encourage amateur data collection31. A description of using amateur records to make predictions32. Records of a competition providing clues for climate change33. A descrip
28、tion of a very old record compiled by generations of amateur naturalistsQuestions 34-36Complete the sentences below with NO MORETHA N TWO WORDS from the passage.Write your answers in boxes 34-36 on your answer sheet34. Walter Coatess records largely contain the information of .35. Robert Marsham is
29、famous for recording theof animals and plants on his land.36. According to some phenologists, global warming may cause the number of waterfowl in North America to drop significantly due to increased .Questions 37-40Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answ
30、er sheet.37. why do a lot of scientists discredit the data collected by amateurs?A Scientific method was not used in data collection.B Amateur observers are not careful in recording their data.C Amateur data is not reliable.D Amateur data is produced by wrong candidates.38. Mark Schwartz used the ex
31、ample of leaves to illustrate that?A Amateur records cant be used.B Amateur records are always unsystematic.C The color change of leaves is hard to observe.D Valuable information is often precise.39. How do the scientists suggest amateur data should be used?A Using improved methods.B Be more careful
32、 in observation.C Use raw materials.D Applying statistical techniques in data collection.40. Whats the implication of phenology for ordinary people?A It empowers the public.B It promotes public relations.C It warns people of animal infestation.D It raises awareness about climate change in the public
33、READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following page.文章背景：交流的方式与冲突。从古希腊时期开场，一位叫做hippocrate 的人就开场通过分类人的性格来更好的处理人与人的冲突及如何更好的了解自己。本文主要阐述了四种性格类型：sanguine类型的人活泼积极向上。Phlegmatic是冷静而具有分析性的性格，melancholic类型的人体贴而具有同情心。Choleric类型的人大胆而且
34、直接。在workplace, 一个团队需要四种性格的人都有才能保证正常的运转。Communicating Styles and ConflictKnowing your communication style and having a mix of styles on your team can provide a positive force for resolving conflict.Section AAs far back as Hippocrates time (460-370 B.C) people have tried to understand other people by
35、characterizing them according to personality type or temperament. Hippocrates believed there were four different body fluids that influenced four basic types of temperament. His work was further developed 500 years later by Galen (130-200 A.D). These days there are any number of self-assessment tool
36、s that relate to the basic descriptions developed by Galen, although we no longer believe the source to be the types of body fluid that dominate our systems.Section BThe value in self-assessments that help determine personality style, learning styles, communication styles, conflict-handling styles,
37、or other aspects of individuals is that they help depersonalize conflict in interpersonal relationships.The depersonalization occurs when you realize that others arent trying to be difficult, but they need different or more information than you do. Theyre not intending to be rude; they are so focuse
38、d on the task they forget about greeting people. They would like to work faster but not at the risk of damaging the relationships needed to get the job done. They understand there is a job to do, but it can only be done right with the appropriate information, which takes time to collect.When used ap
39、propriately, understanding communication styles can help resolve conflict on teams. Very rarely are conflicts true personality issues. Usually they are issues of style, information needs, or focus.Section CHippocrates and later Galen determined there were four basic temperaments: sanguine, phlegmati
40、c, melancholic and choleric. These descriptions were developed centuries ago and are still somewhat apt, although you could update the wording. In todays world, they translate into the four fairly common communication styles described below:Section DThe sanguine person would be the expressive or spi
41、rited style of communication. These people speak in pictures. They invest a lot of emotion and energy in their communication an often speak quickly, putting their whole body into it. They are easily sidetracked onto a story that may or may not illustrate the point they are trying to make. Because of
42、 their enthusiasm they are great team motivators. They are concerned about people and relationships. Their high levels of energy can come on strong at times and their focus is usually on the bigger picture, which means they sometimes miss the details or the proper order of things. These people find
43、conflict or differences of opinion invigorating and love to engage in a spirited discussion. They love change and are constantly looking for new and exciting adventures.Section EThe phlegmatic person-cool and persevering-translates into the technical or systematic communication style. This style of
44、communication is focused on facts and technical details. Phlegmatic people have an orderly, methodical way of approaching tasks, and their focus is very much on the task, not on the people, emotions, or concerns that the task may evoke. The focus is also more on the details necessary to accomplish a
45、 task. Sometimes the details overwhelm the big picture and focus needs to be brought back to the context of the task. People with this style think the facts should speak for themselves, and they are not as comfortable with conflict. They need time to adapt to change and need to understand both the l
46、ogic of it and the steps involved.Section FThe melancholic person who is softhearted and oriented toward doing things for others translates into the considerate or sympathetic communication style. A person with this communication style is focused on people and relationships. They are good listeners
47、and do things for other people-sometimes to the detriment of getting things done for themselves. They want to solicit everyones opinion and make sure everyone is comfortable with whatever is required to get the job done. At times this focus on others can distract from the task at hand. Because they
48、are so concerned with the needs for others and smoothing over issues, they do not like conflict. They believe that change threatens the status quo and tends to make people feel uneasy, so people with this communication style, like phlegmatic people, need time to consider the changes in order to adapt to them.Section GThe choleric temperament translates into the bold or direct style of communication. People with this style are brief in their communication-the fewer words the better. They are big picture think
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